PICTORIAL DRAWING_orthographic_isometric prallel projection
- 3. What is Orthographic Drawing? The term "orthographic drawing" refers to a representation of an object's precise shape. In two or more views that show the objects perpendicular to their surfaces, it is portrayed. The definition of an orthographic drawing is a drawing in two dimensions that is used to represent different views of a three dimensional object. Examples of orthographic drawing are often seen in engineering and architecture plans. Orthographic drawings are also known as Multiview. The most commonly used views are top, front, and right. It is a form of parallel projection, where the view direction is orthogonal to the projection plane.
- 4. ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3D) OBJECT USING SEVERAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL (2D) VIEWS OF THE OBJECT
- 5. An orthographic projection is a method of representing a three-dimensional object by using multiple two-dimensional views of the object. Multiviews are another term for orthographic drawings. The three most common views are top, front, and side view. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
- 6. First-angle projections show each view of a three- dimensional object as though it were projected from the observer through the object onto a wall on the other side of the object.
- 7. Third-angle projection show the view of an observer looking at an object with that image projected directly back at the observer.
- 8. A Pictorial drawing provides a 3D image to help understand the shape of an object or to assist in interpreting a drawing. WHAT IS PICTORIAL DRAWING ?
- 9. There are 3 main ways to draw a pictorial drawing: Isometric OBLIQUE PERSPECTIVE
- 11. Isometric drawing is the first subcategory of pictorial drawing. Isometric drawings project all sides of a three-dimensional object in a non-foreshortened way. It is based on 30° angles and the same scale is used for all axes.
- 12. OBLIQUE DRAWING
- 13. Oblique drawing depicts the front view of a 3D object with the sidelines emerging at a 45° angle from the front side to the back. Opposing isometric drawing, oblique drawing doesn't depict an object with an edge in the foreground.
- 14. TWO TYPES OF OBLIQUE DRAWING
- 15. CABINET DRAWINGS Are made up of detailed sketches and elevations that represent and guide the building and installation of cabinet components, including casework, trim, and doors. They include material lists, dimensions, installation instructions, and necessary measurements. CAVALIER DRAWINGS Mostly this type of drawing is constructed in Oblique Projection. In this drawing, one axis is horizontal, and the other is vertical while the third axis is at 45° to the horizontal line
- 17. Perspective drawing is a drawing technique that allows the artist to project three-dimensional objects as a human would actually see them.
- 18. PLANOMETRI C This technique is called planometric because it includes a plan of one plane of the object describing the top view on the object. As the other additional types and oblique drawing planometric view also has parallel lines instead of converging ones as in perspective
- 19. AXONOMETRI C The differences between the different types of axonometric drawings are based on the relations and angles between the axes and the horizontal.
- 20. It is a type of parallel projection used for creating a pictorial drawing of an object. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION OR DRAWING
- 21. THREE TYPES OF AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION
- 22. Isometric projection. In a three-axis direction, the amount of the foreshortening is equal.
- 23. In this projection, two axes are the body is foreshortened in the same amount and the third axis is foreshortened in different amount.
- 24. A Trimetric projection is created using 3 axes where each of the angles between them is different (there are no equal angles) In trimetric pictorials, the direction of viewing is such that all of the three axes of space appear unequally foreshortened. The scale along each of the three axes and the angles among them are determined separately as dictated by the angle of viewing.
- 25. Trimetric are essentially the same as diametric drawings because the base of the object is a plan. The only difference is that the base is rotated at a 30° – 60 ° angle rather than a 45° – 45° angle. Other angles are possible for both diametric and trimetric drawings but are more difficult to construct. To understand it check the basic example below. viewing.
- 26. ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE AND TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE
- 27. Perspective drawing gives objects on a 2D surface a sense of three-dimensionality. There are two types of perspective: linear perspective and atmospheric perspective. PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
- 28. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE Linear Perspective refers to one, two, or even three-point perspective. It's a method of representing space in which the scale of an object diminishes as the distance from the viewer increases. It is based on mathematics and straight lines. ATMOSPHERIC PERSPECTIVE Atmospheric Perspective also called as Aerial Perspective conveys depth through value changes, colors, and visual clarity, and relies on something entirely different. e.g.
- 29. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE One of the best illustrations of single-point perspective is to imagine that you’re looking at a straight road. All of the elements of the composition—particularly the road itself—will converge at a single point on the horizon line. ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE
- 30. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE Just as one-point perspective focuses on one vanishing point, two- point perspective ushers in a second one. Typically, these two points are at the opposite sides of the composition, such as one on the far left and another on the far right. TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE
- 31. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE Three-point perspective, also called multi-point, is a type of perspective that has more than two vanishing points. This is common, especially as the complexity of the subject matter grows. A standard setup features two vanishing points on the far left and far right of the composition and then the third point below them. In doing this, you get a bird’s eye view to the subject. If you were to place the third point above the two vanishing points, it would create an extreme view looking upwards. THREE-POINT PERSPECTIVE
- 32. One-point perspective refers to a drawing's single vanishing point, which is where all of the lines converge. To draw in one point perspective, you need to consider these three things. They are the frontal plane, the vanishing point, and the horizon line. ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE
- 34. ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE STEP-BY-STEP How to draw one-point perspective Step 1: Draw a horizontal line. Step 2: Place vanishing point on the horizon line. Step 3: Draw the closest side of the box. Step 4: Connect to the appropriate corners to the vanishing point. Step 5: End the form.
- 35. ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE 9 Principles 1. Your drawing only contains lines that are either horizontal, vertical, or that retrace to the vanishing point. 2. Each horizontal line is perpendicular to the others. 3. Vertical lines are all perpendicular to one another. 4. Your eye level, which is typically 1.5–1.7 meters high, is where the horizon line appears.
- 36. ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE 5. The horizon line is parallel to all horizontal lines and perpendicular to all vertical lines. 6. Converging lines are all diagonal lines that converge at the vanishing point. 7. The more details we can notice, the closer the items are to us. 8. The further an object is from us, the smaller it becomes. 9. All objects along the convergent lines (also known as the lines of convergence) are foreshortened, and if we extend their lines, they will eventually approach the vanishing point.
- 37. TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE Two-point perspective is a technique in art involving two lines diverging into two separate vanishing points. The two-point perspective definition is based on the definition and use of vanishing points. Vanishing points are the points on a work of art that exist out of view. When looking down a long road, there is a point, generally referred to as the horizon, where visual objects vanish. In art, there is a point to represent this vanishing of visible light.
- 39. TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE STEP-BY-STEP How to draw two-point perspective Step 1. Lay out your paper, pencil and eraser. Use your pencil to draw a horizontal line in the middle of your paper. This line is your horizon.
- 40. TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE Step 2. Mark two points on your horizon near the edge of the page. These are your vanishing points. Step 3. Draw a vertical line at or near the center of the page.
- 41. TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE Step 5. Draw vertical lines on either side of the center line, inside of the diamond shape. This will create a shape in two point perspective. To make your shape more cube-like, try to make your new vertical lines an equal distance apart.This is the foundation to an opaque (or solid) cube. Step 4. Using your straight edge to connect the vanishing points to the top and bottom of the vertical line. This will create a diamond shape. Draw these lines lightly as they will be erased; these lines are acting as your guide.
- 42. TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE Step 6. Still using your straight edge to guide you, draw lines from the corners on the right edge of your cube to the opposite vanishing point on the left (as seen in red). Repeat with the opposite side, drawing lines from the left top and bottom corner of the cube to the vanishing point on the right of the page (seen in blue).
- 43. TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE Step 7. Draw a vertical line connecting the two cross sections. Erase Darken the lines which make up the cube by pressing a bit harder on your pencil. Erase all of the lines outside of the cube leading to the vanishing points.
- 44. TWO-POINT PERSPECTIVE 6 Principles 1. All the diagonals in your drawing recede either to one or the other vanishing point. 2. All vertical lines are perpendicular to the horizon line. 3. There are no horizontal lines except for the horizon line and the lines of the objects which are precisely at its high. 4. The closer the pieces of furniture or decor elements to us, the more details we can see. 5. All objects decrease in size as they recede into the distance. 6. All furniture and other interior design elements along the converging lines (or the lines of convergence) become foreshortened.
- 45. THANK YOU!