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Pineal glad
The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland located in the brain that produces melatonin. It regulates circadian rhythms and seasonal functions in vertebrates. Melatonin production is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light. It is responsible for sleep-wake cycles and reproductive functions. Diseases associated with disrupted circadian rhythms include jet lag and circadian rhythm disorders. Calcification of the pineal gland may occur due to environmental toxins and can impact melatonin production.
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Introduction to the pineal gland: its characteristics, functions, and location in the brain.
Pineal gland functions: melatonin production, circadian rhythms, and reproductive hormone regulation.
Explanation of circadian cycles, biological clocks, jet lag, and delayed circadian rhythm disorder.
Description of symptoms and effects of advanced circadian rhythm disorder and its impact on daily life.
Discussion on calcification of the pineal gland due to environmental factors and substances.
Melatonin's effects on aging and immunity; dietary influences with a focus on tryptophan-rich foods.
Exploration of the pineal gland's symbolism as the 'third eye' in various cultures throughout history.
Overview of the third eye concept, its functions in certain species, and the effects of melatonin.
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Pineal glad
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- 2. PINEAL GLAND?????? -a smallendocrine gland in the vertebrate brain PHYSICAL CHARACTERSTICS :: • Color :: Reddish grey •It is larger in children, but shrinks with the onset of puberty •In adults, it weighs a bit more than 0.1 grams and is about 0.8 cm long •Lacks a blood-brain barrier, therefore, receives blood, oxygen, & nutrients through a rich vascular network
- 3. EPONYMS..!!! • BIOLOGICAL CLOCK •EPIPHYSIS • EPIPHYSIS CEREBRI • CONARIUM • A THIRD-EYE
- 4. WHY PINEAL GLAND Itsshape resembles a tiny pine cone (hence its name)
- 5. The Pineal Gland .It is stimulated by nerves from the eyes. WHERE???? -attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain, beneath the posterior end of the corpus callosum
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- 7. FUNCTIONS OF PINEALGLAND Melatonin: The Pineal Gland Hormone • Circadian Rhythm • Reproduction
- 8. REPRODUCTION • blocks thesecretion of gonadotropins (lH & FSH) from anterior pituitary gland. • These hormones aid in the proper development and functioning of the ovaries and testes.
- 9. DON’T CONFUSE..!! MELATONIN WITHMELANIN!!!!!
- 10. MELATONIN • special becauseits secretion is dictated by • Natural Sleeping Tablet
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- 16. CICARDIAN CYCLE..!! Circadian rhythmsare physical, mental and behavioral changes that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle, responding primarily to light and darkness in an organism's environment.
- 17. BIOLOGICAL CLOCK &CIRCADIAN CYCLE---- SAME?? • Related but not same..!!! • Our biological clocks drive our circadian rhythms.
- 18. BIOLOGICAL CLOCK The biologicalclocks that control circadian rhythms are groupings of interacting molecules in cells throughout the body. A "master clock" in the brain coordinates all the body clocks so that they are
- 19. MASTER CLOCK The "masterclock" that controls circadian rhythms consists of a group of nerve cells in the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN. The SCN contains about 20,000 nerve cells and is located in the hypothalamus, an area of the brain just above where the optic nerves from the eyes cross.
- 20. DISORDER..!!! JET LAG Jet lagoccurs when travelers suffer from disrupted circadian rhythms. When you pass through different time zones, your body's clock will be different from your wristwatch. For example, if you fly in an airplane from California to New York, you "lose" 3 hours of time. So when you wake up at 7:00 a.m., your body still thinks it's 4:00 a.m., making you feel groggy and disoriented. Your body's clock will eventually reset itself, but this often takes a few days.
- 21. DISORDERS..!! Delayed Circadian RhythmDisorder • DCR constitutes a mismatch between you external and internal clocks. Your internal clock runs slower than a normal circadian rhythm which is a 24-hour period so your body doesn't 'wake up' until later in the morning or day. • When its time to wake up, your body clock believes it’s only midnight and is still producing the nighttime hormones.
- 22. DELAYED CIRCADIAN RHYTHMDISORDER As a result:::::
- 23. DELAYED CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISORDER Symptoms::::: •Difficulty falling and staying asleep, and or late night insomnia. • A general lack of energy in the morning. • An increase of energy/mood in the evening or late at night. • Difficulty concentrating, being alert, or accomplishing tasks • Some DCR sufferers oversleep and have trouble getting up
- 24. ADVANCED CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISORDER(ACR) • opposite of DCR • With ACR, your internal body clock is running faster than a normal circadian rhythm.
- 25. ADVANCED CIRCADIAN RHYTHMDISORDER As a result:::::
- 26. ADVANCED CIRCADIAN RHYTHMDISORDER Symptoms::::: • Early morning awakening and/or early morning Insomnia • Inconsistent sleep with one or more awake periods during the night • Lack of energy during the day, feeling tired in the early afternoon and/or evening • Alertness and ability to function may also be diminished • Some ACR sufferers may not notice a sleep problem but lose energy and feel tired or down in the afternoon or evening time.
- 27. CALCIFICATION OF PINEAL GLAND Thiscalcification process is caused by constant exposure to substances like fluoride which build up in the body over time. • Toothpaste, • public water systems, • hormones, • food additives, • excess sugar and sweeteners in your diet or even regular exposure to cell phones has been linked to the phenomenon of calcifying the pineal gland.
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- 32. CORPUS PINEALE Эпифиз. Дольки(окраска гематоксилином и эозином): 1 - долька; 2 – соединительнотканные междольковые септы; 3 - эпифизарные конкреции; 4 - кровеносные сосуды
- 33. PRODUCTS rich with triptophan( amino acid- a substrate of melatonin)): chesse, yogurt,banana, finics, milk, sesamum .
- 34. 70% of melatoninare secreted at night; at the same time, the injections of melatonin can postpone ageing... i.e, the one who sleeps less ages fast.. MELATONIN increases immunity and prevents tumors. EPIPHYSIS & AGEING EPIPHYSIS & AGEING
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- 36. CONTROVERSIAL ::: THIRD- EYE Many different cultures talk about our “third eye,” and modern theories suggest that this may be a reference to the pineal. Even more peculiar is the fact that pineal gland symbology can be traced to many civilizations such as the Romans, Mexicans, Egyptians, Babylonians and the Greeks.
- 37. WATER AGAMA :. BULLFROG. Third eye (теменной) — is unpaired, light sensitive organ of some FISHES , AMPHIBIANS &REPTILES… (8th centuryBC :: Ayurveda) FUNCTIONS: •Percepts intensity and direction of the light; •Percepts magnetic field of the earth; •Works as endocrine gland; •Regulates daily and yearly carcadian rhythm of all other endocrine glands; •Participates in temperature regulation. HAS: :: Retina, optic nerve and lens derivative HAS NO: Iris, eyelids and eyeball muscles. Development of third-eye
- 38. LESS SECRETION OF MELATONIN::VITILIGAEXCESSSECRETION OF MELATONIN :: HYPERPIGMENTAITON
- 39. EFFECTS OF MELATONIN– • Lack of melatonin causes early PUBERTY
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