Plantation in nepal and in the tropics prakash thapa

Plantation in nepal and in the tropics prakash thapa

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  Prakash Thapa Roll No:21 M.Sc. Forestry
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  Outline of thePresentation Introduction  Methodology  Result & Discussion   Plantation in Nepal  Plantation in Tropics  Plantation Management Techniques  Conclusion
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  Introduction A plantation isdefined as ‘A forest crop or stand raised artificially, either by sowing or planting’ (Evans 1982).  Plantations are established for the following main objectives: 1. Industrial uses: 2. Domestic uses: 3. Environmental protection: 4. Amenity: 
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  The global extentof plantation forests in 1990 was estimated at around 135 million ha ( Kanowski, 1997).  About 75% of these plantation forests were in temperate regions and about 25% in the tropics and subtropics;  Effective research and development based on appropriate genetic resources and good silviculture, are the foundations of successful plantation forestry production. 
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  Methodology The method ofthe extensive review of all the relevant literatures was followed for the preparation of this term paper.  The literatures were collected from various web searches and published books. 
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  Result & Discussion       Plantationin Nepal Currently, community plantations have become the major plantation in Nepal. No long plantation history of Nepal Started since first five year plan (2013-2017 B.S.). 153 acre of land planted in the 1st five year plan The plantation program focused in every five year plans
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   Several plantation programsconducted in Nepal :  Sagarnath forest development project/ program  Ratuwamai plantation project  Nepal Australia Forestry Project  Nepalgunj forest development project  Chautara forest development project  Tamagadi Taungya Plantation  Hill forest development project
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   Plantation in theTropics a. Plantation before 1900 A.D. • Bible records, Abraham planting a Tamarisk tree • Bodhi tree was recorded about 220 BC. • Teak was introduced in Srilanka as early as 1680 • Teak was success in Java, Indonesia (in 1829 A.D). • Teak planted in Bangladesh, in 1871. • In 1866, Changamanga plantation of Sisoo was done in Pakistan
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   Plantation during 1900-1945A.D.  In Brazil, between 1920 and 1930, several hundred thousand hectares of eucalyptus were planted  In South Africa, in 1920, about 1,15,000 ha of Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) in the form of industrial plantation for tan bark were carried out.  By 1931, 25,500 ha were planted in Kenya.  By 1945, in South Africa 180,000 ha plantation of tropical pines
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   Plantation during 1945-1965 A.D.  By 1958, in Africa largest block plantation of 41,000 ha was done.  In 1951, Papua New Guinea, Araucaria was planted.  Program of planting up to 2000 A.D.  Ethiopia (3.5 million ha),  India (17 million ha)  Brazil (12 million ha)
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   Plantation Management Methods Silvicultural approach  Thinning  Pruning  Weeding  Other Management Operations (Irrigation, Fertilization)  Protective approach  Protection of plantation  Application of Herbicides, Pesticides and insecticides  Socio-economic approach
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  Conclusion People have beenplanting trees for thousands of years for food, shelter, ceremonial or religious purposes in the tropics.  Plantation has become important program after first five year plan in Nepal.  Plantation is contributing multiple benefits to the people from aesthetics to livelihood improvement. 