Plastic surgery

PLASTIC SURGERY:-
PRESENTED BY:-
SUCHISMITA SETHI
LECTURER,MSN

PLASTIC SURGERY:-
• The plastic derived from the Greek ward “
plastikos” which means to module or to shape.
• Plastic surgery is the medical speciality concerned
with the correction or restoration of form &
function of body structure damaged by trauma,
transformed by ageing process, changed by disease
process & malformation as a result of congenital
defect.
• Goal:-
• Correction of perceived disfigurement
• Restoration of impaired function
• Improvement of physical appearance.

TECHNIQUE USE FOR PLASTIC SURGERY:-
• Incision:-An incision is a cut made into the
tissues of the body to expose the underlying
tissue, bone, or organ so that a surgical
procedure can be performed
• Excision:- partial removal of an organ, tissue,
bone or tumor from a body
• Microsurgery:- Microsurgery uses specialized
operating microscopes and precision
instrumentation to repair blood vessels and
nerves less than a few millimeters in diameter.

• Chemosurgery:-The selective destruction of
diseased or malignant tissue by means of
chemical substances; used especially in the
treatment of the skin.
• Electro surgery:-Electrosurgery is the
application of a high-frequency (radio
frequency) alternating polarity, electrical
current to biological tissue as a means to cut,
coagulate, desiccate, or fulgurate tissue.

• Laser surgery:- Laser surgery is a type
of surgery that uses special light beams instead
of instruments
• Dermabrasion:-Dermabrasion is an exfoliating
technique that uses a rotating instrument to
remove the outer layers of skin, usually on the
face to improve the appearance of their skin.
• Liposuction:-Liposuction is a surgical procedure
that uses a suction technique to remove fat from
specific areas of the body, such as the abdomen,
hips, thighs, buttocks, arms or neck.

• Plastic surgery divided in to two major areas
1. RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
2. COSMETIC SURGERY

RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY:-
• Reconstructive surgery perform to correct functional
impairment caused by burn, traumatic injury,
congenital abnormality such as cleft lip or palate,
removal of cancer or trauma such as mastectomy.
• Common reconstructive surgeries:-
• Breast reconstruction
• Burn contracture surgery
• Cleft lip & palate.
• Injury to the limb.
• Amputation
• Pressure sore

RECONSTRUCTIVE MODALITIES:-
• Skin Grafting:- Here a portion of skin is detached
from its own blood supply & transferred as free
tissue to a recipient site. It provide protection
underlying tissue.
• Indication:- Extensive wound, burn, surgery which
require skin graft for healing.
• Classification:-
• Autograft:- Tissue obtained from patient own skin.
• Allograft:- Obtain from donor of same species.
• Xenograft:- Obtained from donor of different
species.

Graft application:-
• The wound is prepare for surgery . The wound is
cleaned & measured. Administration of anaesthesia.
• Donor skin harvested & prepaired with skin grafting
knive.
• The graft meshed ( multiple incision on graft ) to
removed the excessive fluid leakout from underlying
tissue.
• Then the graft hold in place in several stitches.
• Apressure bandage is applied in over the graft recipient
site.
• Then a VAC( vacuum apparatus called) placed over the
area for 3-5 days to drain fluid & easy wound healing.
• New blood vessel begin to grow within 36 hours of
grafting followed by new skin.

SKIN FLAP:-
• It is a segment of tissue that remain attached
at one end while other end is moved to
recipient area.
• Its survival depends upon functioning of
arterial & venous blood supply & lymphatic
drainage.
• Flap may consist of skin, mucous, muscle,
adipose tissue, omentum( large flat adipose
tissue layer) & bone.

POST OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT :-
• Initial pressure dressing will be left in place for 24- 48
hour.
• If wound begin to ooze apply firm pressure for 10-15
min.
• Do not give aspirin or aspirin containing medication.
• Most skin graft are hold in place by a bolster dressing(
cotton ball or foam)
• Clean site & apply ointment to the surrounding area of
the blister dressing.
• Keep the graft edge moist with antibiotic ointment.
• Protect the graft from sun because it may cause
pigmentation changes.
• Free flap:-
• It is harvested from one area of body & reconstruct a
defect area.

COSMETIC SURGERY:-
• Cosmetic surgery refers to the surgery that
design to improve appearance.
• It is perform for changes that result from
ageing, to altered inherited features or
because of client personal desire.

TYPES OF RECONSTRUCTIVE & COSMETIC
SURGERIES:-
• Liposuction:-
• Tummy tuck
• Brachioplasty:-
• Thigh lift:-
• Buttock augmentation
surgery:-
• Blepharoplasty:-
• Endoscopic forehead &
browlift
• Rhytidectomy surgery
• Rhinoplasty
• Cleft lip nose deformity:-
• Cleft lip
• Cleft palate
• Breast reconstruction
• Breast reduction
• Breast lift
• Hair transplant

Liposuction:-
• Here there is removal of fat from different site
of human body.

Tummy tuck
• It is the removal of excessive skin & excessive fat
from middle & lower abdomen in order to tighten
the muscle & facia of the abdominal wall.

Brachioplasty:-
• Here the excessive fat & skin is removed from the
upper arm area in order to create a youthful look.

THIGH LIFT
• It is done to remove excess skin from the thigh
& buttock area.

Blepharoplasty
• It is the eye lid surgery which is done in case of
droopy or saggy skin as well as bag around the eye.

Endoscopic forehead & brow lift
• Brow & forehead lift are perform to raise eyebrows
& reduce ridges on forehead, it gives youthful look.

It involves tightening of the facial & neck muscle as
well as the removal of excessive wrinkled skin.

Breast
reconstruction
& Breast reduction

Plastic surgery

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