POLARITY OF MOLECULES.pptx
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1) The document discusses molecular geometry and polarity. It defines molecular geometry as the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. 2) Lewis electron dot structures are used to represent valence electrons around atoms. The octet rule states that atoms gain, share, or transfer electrons to achieve a stable 8 electron configuration. 3) Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory predicts molecular shapes based on the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs around a central atom. Symmetric shapes are nonpolar while asymmetric shapes are polar due to unequal electron sharing.
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POLARITY OF MOLECULES.pptx
- 2. • MOLECULAR GEOMETRY – another way to determine the polarity of molecules ( polar of non – polar)
- 3. Molecular Geometry • Pertains to the three - dimensional arrangement of an atoms in a molecule.
- 4. Lewis Electron Dot Structure (LEDS) • The valence electron are represented using dot around the symbol of the element. OXYGEN 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 valence electron
- 5. O The symbol of the element that represents the nucleus of the atom O
- 6. F Flourine 7 Valence electron H Hydrogen 1 Valence electron
- 9. WATER MOLECULE Octet Rule: States that atoms tend to gain, share or transfer electron in order to attain a stable 8 valence electron configuration LONE PAIR BONDING ELECTRON H
- 10. Lewis Dot Structure of Water H H BOND PAIRS OXYGEN = 2 LONE PAIRS HYDROGEN = 0 LONE PAIR
- 11. Lewis Dot Structure of Ammonia N H H H NITROGEN = 1 LONE PAIR HYDROGEN = 0 LONE PAIR BONDING PAIRS? 3
- 12. To predict the shape of the Molecule Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VS Theory Key ideas of the VSEPR: 1. Electrons pairs stay as far apart from each other as possible to minimize repulsions. 2. Molecular shape is determined by the number of bond pair and lone pairs around the atom. 3. Treat multiple bonds as if they were single bonds. (in making prediction) 4. Lone pairs occupy more volume than bond pairs
- 13. NOTE: Remember the arrangement of the specific number of electron pairs and its corresponding VSEPR shape
- 22. Predicting the Shape of the Molecules Count the number of electron pairs around the central atoms 1 2 3 4 4 Electron pairs: 2 lone pairs 2 bond pairs
- 23. Predicting the Shape of the Molecules Determine the molecular geometry or the VSEPR shape BENT 2 Bond pairs 2 Lone pairs
- 24. Determining Polarity Using Molecular Geometry • Non – Polar molecule – if the shape of the molecule is symmetrical. equal sharing of electrons. No dipole moment. Valence electrons are shared equally on both sides of an atom.
- 25. Example: Non Polar Molecules
- 26. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) C O O = = 3.5 3.5 2.5 POLAR BOND ELECTRONEGATIVITY
- 27. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) C O O = = 3.5 3.5 2.5 POLAR BOND ELECTRONEGATIVITY
- 29. POLAR MOLECULE •If the shape of the molecule is asymmetrical. Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms. Has dipole moment (partial positive and negative)
- 30. EXAMPLE Cl H Where Chlorine and Fluorine are more electronegative than Hydrogen H F LINEAR SHAPE
- 31. BENT SHAPE TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL
Editor's Notes
- #3: Molecular Geometry – by simply looking at the shape
- #4: Understanding the molecular structure of a compound can help you determine the polarity of a molecules
- #5: Understanding the molecular structure of a compound can help you determine the polarity of a molecules
- #7: Understanding the molecular structure of a compound can help you determine the polarity of a molecules
- #8: A metalloid is a type of chemical element which has a preponderance of properties in between, or that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals.
- #9: Alkali metals - The alkali metals are so called because reaction with water forms alkalies (strong bases capable of neutralizing acids) Alkaline earth metals - the second most reactive family of elements because they readily give up their two valence electrons to achieve a full outer energy level, which is the most stable arrangement of electrons. Transition elements - They are typically metals with a high melting point.
- #10: Understanding the molecular structure of a compound can help you determine the polarity of a molecules
- #14: If there 2 electron pairs bonded to the central atom and the central atom has no lone pair. The arrangement of electron pairs form a linear shape (180°)
- #16: 3 electron pairs bonded to the central atom and the central atom has no lone pair.
- #17: When there are 2 bond pairs and the central atom has 1 lone pair
- #18: If there are 4 electron pairs bonded to the central atom and the central atom has no lone pair
- #29: NO LONE PAIRS AT THE central atom
- #31: Therefore, Hydrogen is attracted to Chlorine and fluorine The central atom has lone pair, making them unequal although the molecules are a linear shape