Pollution of water- Ashish
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The document discusses various sources and types of water pollution. It defines water pollution as a change in water's chemical, physical, or biological properties that harms its use. Pollution can come from point sources like factories or non-point sources like urban/farmland runoff. The types of pollutants include industrial/mining wastes, agricultural chemicals, sewage, debris, and persistent pollutants that don't degrade like heavy metals, radioactive materials, and plastic waste. Water pollution causes issues like toxic algal blooms, low oxygen levels, disease outbreaks that kill millions annually, and acid rain formation. Solutions proposed include better land management, banning phosphates, sewage treatment, extraction techniques, and reducing
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Pollution of water- Ashish
- 1. Pollution of Water Ashish Kumar Singh Roll no.11 Guided by Dr. Laxmikant L.
- 2. DEFINITION A change in the chemical, physical, biological and radiological quality of water that is injurious to its existing, intended or potential use
- 3. Where do Water pollutants come from? Point Sources – A single definable source of the pollution, e.g. a factory, a sewage plant, etc. Point-source pollution is usually monitored and regulated.
- 4. Non-point sources – is not a single source, but a wide range of sources, e.g. runoff from urban areas, or farmland. Non-point sources are much more difficult to monitor and control Where do Water pollutants come from?
- 6. Pollution of Water 1. Industrial pollution 2. Surface pollution 3. Groundwater contamination 4. Sewage pollution 5.Oil pollution 6.Thermal pollution
- 7. Water pollutants Industrial Effluents This waste water may contain acids, alkalis, salts, poisons, oils and in some cases harmful bacteria. Mining and Agricultural Wastes Mines, especially gold and coal mines, are responsible for large quantities of acid water. Agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides may wash into rivers and stagnant water bodies. Sewage Disposal and Domestic Wastes Sewage as well as domestic and farm wastes often pollute rivers and dams.
- 9. Non-persistent (degradable) water pollutants These compounds can be broken down by chemical reactions or by natural bacteria into simple, non-polluting substances such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. if the pollution load is high, this process can lead to low oxygen levels and eutrophication. This damage is reversible.
- 10. Non-persistent (degradable) Water pollutants Domestic sewage Fertilizers Some industrial wastes
- 11. Persistent Water pollutants This is the most rapidly growing type of pollution This includes substances that degrade very slowly or cannot be broken down at all; They may remain in the aquatic environment for years or longer periods of time. The damage they cause is either irreversible or repairable only over decades or centuries
- 12. Persistent Water pollutants some pesticides (e.g., DDT, dieldrin) petroleum and petroleum products PCBs, dioxins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) radioactive materials such as strontium-90, cesium-137, radium-226, and uranium metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium
- 13. Other water quality pollutants warm water from cooling towers (thermal pollution) floating debris garbage foam
- 14. 1. Classes of Water pollutants Pathogens Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Parasitic Worms, Colliform Bacteria Used As Indicators Of Water Quality Oxygen Demanding Wastes Organics That Are Decomposed By Bacteria And That Use A Lot Of O2, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Decreases, And BOD Increases Water Soluble Inorganic Chemicals Acids, Salts, Toxic Metal Compounds Like Mercury, And Lead. Inorganic Plant Nutrients Water Soluble Phosphates, Nitrates => Algal Blooms, Decreased Dissolved O2, Increased BOD.
- 15. 2. Classes of Water pollutants Organic Chemicals Oil, Gas, Plastics, Pesticides, Cleaning Solvents, Detergents, Etc. Radioactive Isotopes Are Biologically Amplified To Higher Concentrations In The Food Chain. Ionizing Radiation cause Birth Defects, Cancer. Warmed Water From Power Plants. Decreases DO And Increases Susceptibility To Diseases.
- 16. Industrial Water pollution Industries discharge a variety of pollutants in their wastewater including heavy metals , resin pellets, organic toxins, oils, nutrients, and solids.
- 17. Over 1 billion people lack access to safe water supplies, while 2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation. This has led to widespread microbial contamination of drinking water. Water-associated infectious diseases claim up to 3.2 million lives each year, approximately 6% of all deaths globally. Microbial contaminationMicrobial contamination of water
- 18. Acid rain Acid rain is formed when moisture in the clouds mixes with sulfur or nitrogen in the air. The sulfur and nitrogen get into the air by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline. The average pH of rainfall is 4.3.
- 20. Mass fish kills
- 21. Disease burden from water pollution Water-associated infectious diseases claim up to 3.2 million lives each year, approximately 6% of all deaths globally. The burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene totals 1.8 million deaths and the loss of greater than 75 million healthy life years.
- 22. Oil Pollution of water Both Point and Nonpoint Sources Largest source of oil pollution is pipeline leaks and runoff –61% ocean oil pollution river & urban runoff –30% intentional discharges from tankers –5% accidental spills from tankers
- 23. CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION Nonpoint Pollution Sources and Land Management –Reduce nutrient loading through land use regulations –Source reduction is cheapest and most effective way to reduce pollution. Banning phosphate detergents Soil Conservation Sewage Treatment Remediation
- 24. SEWAGE TREATMENT
- 25. MUNICIPAL SEWAGE TREATMENT Primary Treatment - Physical separation of large solids from the waste stream. Secondary Treatment - Biological degradation of dissolved organic compounds. – Effluent from primary treatment transferred into trickling bed, or aeration tank Effluent from secondary treatment is usually disinfected (chlorinated) before release into nearby waterway. Tertiary Treatment - Removal of plant nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) from secondary effluent. – Chemicals, or natural wetlands.
- 26. Water Remediation Extraction techniques are used to pump out polluted water for treatment. –Oxidation, reduction, neutralization, or precipitation. Living organisms can also be used effectively to break down polluted waters.
- 27. Solutions on Water Pollution •Prevent groundwater contamination •Greatly reduce nonpoint runoff •Reuse treated wastewater for irrigation •Find substitutes for toxic pollutants •Reduce resource waste •Reduce air pollution •Reduce poverty
- 28. Referance PARK’S TEXTBOOK OF PSM WWW.WATERWORLD.COMWWW.WATERWORLD.COM WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG WWW.SLIDESHARE.COM
- 29. Thank you