Polysaccharides
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This document summarizes polysaccharides and glycans. It discusses homopolysaccharides including fructosan, galactosan, and glucosans such as starch and glycogen. Starch is made of amylose and amylopectin and forms helical structures with iodine. Cellulose is composed of beta-glucose units linked by beta-1,4 bonds, forming long straight chains strengthened by hydrogen bonds. Glycosaminoglycans discussed include hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate. Proteoglycans are composed of core proteins with covalently linked glycosaminoglycan side chains. They
Polysaccharides
- 1. Chemistry of Polysaccharides Biochemistry for medics 1
- 2. Classification of carbohydrates Biochemistry for medics 2
- 3. Polysaccharides or glycans Biochemistry for medics 3
- 4. Homopoysaccharides Homo polysaccharides Fructosan Galactosan e.g. Inulin e.g. Agar Glucosans e.g. Starch Glycogen Cellulose Biochemistry for medics 4
- 5. Glucosans /Glucans Biochemistry for medics 5
- 6. Glycogen Biochemistry for medics Structure of Glycogen 6
- 7. 2) Starch (Storage Polysaccharide) Biochemistry for medics 7
- 8. Components of Starch Biochemistry for medics 8
- 9. Starch Suspensions of Amylose in water adopt a helical conformation Iodine (I2) can insert in the middle of the Amylose helix to give a blue color that is characteristic and diagnostic for starch Biochemistry for medics 9
- 10. 3) Dextrins Biochemistry for medics 10
- 11. 4) Dextrans Biochemistry for medics 11
- 12. 5) Cellulose (Structural Polysaccharide) Biochemistry for medics 12
- 13. Cellulose Cellulose consists of β -D-glucopyranose units linked by β 1 →4 bonds to form long, straight chains strengthened by cross-linking hydrogen bonds. Biochemistry for medics 13
- 14. Cellulose- Digestion Biochemistry for medics 14
- 15. Significance of Cellulose Biochemistry for medics 15
- 16. Chitin- Structural Polysaccharide Biochemistry for medics 16
- 17. Inulin (Fructosan) Storage polysaccharide Jerusalem artichoke Biochemistry for medics 17
- 18. Uses of Inulin Biochemistry for medics 18
- 19. Agar (Galactosan) Biochemistry for medics 19
- 20. Heteropolysaccharides/ Mucopolysaccharides Biochemistry for medics 20
- 21. Occurrence: synovial fluid, ECM of loose connective tissue. Serves as a lubricant and shock absorber. Hyaluronic acid is unique among the GAGs because it does not contain any sulfate and is not found covalently attached to proteins. It Hyaluronic acid polymers are very large (100 - 10,000 kDa) and can displace a large volume of water. Specific Glycosaminoglycans of Physiological Significance Biochemistry for medics 21
- 22. Occurrence: cartilage, tendons, ligaments, heart valves and aorta. It is the most abundant GAG. Biochemistry for medics 22
- 23. Glycosaminoglycans of physiological Significance Biochemistry for medics 23
- 24. Glycosaminoglycans of Physiological Significance Biochemistry for medics 24
- 25. Neutral Mucopolysaccharides Biochemistry for medics 25
- 26. Proteoglycans (mucoproteins) Biochemistry for medics 26
- 27. Proteoglycan Monomer Biochemistry for medics 27
- 28. Structure of Proteoglycan Monomer Biochemistry for medics 28
- 29. Proteoglycan Aggregates Biochemistry for medics 29
- 30. Proteoglycan Aggregates Biochemistry for medics 30
- 31. Functions of Proteoglycans Biochemistry for medics 31
- 32. Functions of Proteoglycans(Biophysical Contd.) Biochemistry for medics 32
- 33. Functions of Proteoglycans Biochemistry for medics 33
- 34. Summary Biochemistry for medics 34