POSITIONS
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Positioning involves placing a patient in specific body alignments to promote health and allow for medical interventions. Some key reasons for positioning include providing comfort, relieving pressure on body parts, improving circulation, preventing deformities, and enabling examinations and treatments. Common positions include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy and Fowler's positions, each having distinct uses and safety considerations. Positioning requires ensuring patient comfort and safety by using supportive devices and regularly adjusting alignment to prevent pressure injuries.
POSITIONS
- 2. Positioning defined as placing the person in such a way to perform therapeutic interventions to promote the health of an individual. Placing the person in a proper body alignment for the purpose of preventive, promotive ,curative and rehabilitative aspects of health.
- 3. To provide comfort to the patient To relieve pressure on various aspects To improve circulation To prevent formation of deformity To carry out investigations To perform surgical and medical investigations To prevent pressure sores To provide proper body alignment To conduct delivery / labor To carryout nursing interventions
- 4. Maintain good body mechanics Obtain assistance as required Ensure the mattress is firm and level of bed is at working height Ensure that sheets are clean and dry Avoid placing a body part directly over another to prevent pressure Plan a regular position changes schedule for the patient for 24 hours Ensure patient comfort Wash hands before and after procedure
- 5. Dorsal position/supine position Dorsal recumbent position Lithotomy position Lateral position Prone position Sims position Knee-chest position Trendelenburg’s position Fowler’s position
- 6. Maintain good body alignment of the patient at all the times Support body parts in good alignment by using supportive devices Avoid prolonged flexion of any one body segment by changing the position at least every two hours. Reduce the pressure by body weight
- 7. Check Patients general condition Physician order Assess self care ability Arrange the comfort devices near the bed side Identify the deformed extremity (support the immobilize area during positioning) Identify the rationale before positioning
- 8. Extra man power if needed Extra pillows Mattresses Adjustable bed Bed side rails Trapeze bar Sheets and sheet rolls Comfort devices such as back rest, foot rest, bed cradle, cardiac table, sand bags, hand rolls etc.
- 9. Explain the procedure to the patients Provide privacy Arrange the articles and manpower Untie the bed sheet Turn/lift/ambulate gently Place and support with extra pillows under pressure points Special care taken at pressure areas Cover the patient with top sheet Hand washing Record the time, position and condition of the skin
- 12. The patients lies on his back with his head and shoulders are slightly elevated. Comfort devices needed •Pillows •Trochanter rolls •Hand rolls or arm splints •Foot board Uses Comfortable position Examination of head, neck, chest, abdomen and extremities Surgery of anterior part of the body Complications •Flexion contractures •Foot drop •Pressure sores
- 13. Prevention of complications •Firm supportive mattress •Place pillows (Shoulders and neck, hands) Head and the neck are held in the correct position •Place ruled towel or small pillow ( lumbar curvature) •Place Trochanter rolls or sand bags (along the side of hips and upper half of thighs To prevent the external rotation of the femurs •Use a foot board or improvised firm To prevent foot drop
- 15. A patient lies flat on abdomen. Head turned to one side Hands held in comfortable position Comfort devices Pillow may be placed under the head Place a small cushion under the patient between the end of the rib cage and upper abdomen
- 16. Uses Examination of posterior trunk, spines and rectum Surgeries of back To relieve pressure on areas such as sacrum, scapula and heel After anesthesia to prevent aspiration
- 18. Side lying position Patient lies on left side Major portion of body weight on the dependent hip and shoulders Uses Comfortable position Relieve pressure on bony prominences Used for enema, insertion of suppositories and for checking rectal temperature
- 19. Prevention of complications •Place pillow under head and neck To prevent lateral flexion of neck •Place pillow under upper arm, lower arm should be flexed •Place hand wrist splint •Use one or two pillows as needed to support the leg •Ensure that the shoulders are aligned with hips
- 21. Differ from side lying position. The weight is placed in the anterior ilium, humorous and clavicle. Patients lies on his left with left arm drawn behind the back. Right arm may be in any position . The right thigh is flexed against the abdomen. Comfort devices Pillow under the head with left cheek resting on it. Place pillow under the upper flexed leg from the groin to the foot.
- 22. Uses Vaginal and rectal examination. To relive pressure in the buttocks, scapula and heels.
- 23. It is an upright position with the patient in a sitting position in the bed with legs resting on the bed. Comfort devices Back rest is supported on a back rest Knees may be raised on a knee pillow arms are supported in pillows Types High fowler’s: 75-90 degree Semi fowler’s:40-45 degree Low fowler’s position: 30 degree
- 25. Uses Facilitate drainage of abdominal cavity Relieves breathing difficulty Relieves tension on the abdominal sutures Facilitating eating, reading, watching TV etc. Relaxes large muscles of the back
- 26. High fowler’s position Over table placed in the front of the patient Patient to rest both hands on over bed table supported by pillows and lean forward to the table (facilitates respiration) Indications Patient with severe dyspnea Cardiac patients Position for thoracenthesis Patient with chest drainage tubes
- 28. The patient lies on her back the legs are separated and thighs are flexed on the abdomen. The buttocks are kept in the edge of the table and legs are supported by stirrups Provides maximal exposure of genitalia Uses Vaginal examination Pap smear Position during delivery for many women Surgical procedures of genitourinary system
- 30. Patient lies on the bed in such a way that the knees and the chest rests on the bed The head is turned to one side A small pillow can be placed under the chest The weight of patient rests on chest and knees only The knees are flexed and thighs are at right angle to legs Uses Examination of rectum and vagina Post partum exercise
- 32. Head of the bed is lowered and the foot raised in a straight incline Patient lies on his back Beds are available with electric control system Revers trendlenberg’s position : head end of the bed is raised Uses Promote venous circulation and venous return patient with poor peripheral perfusion Postural drainage In OT examination and surgery in the pelvic organs
- 34. Patient lies on back, knees fully flexed and legs separated, thighs flexed and externally rotated and feet flat on the bed. Pillow is placed under the head Uses Examination of vagina and rectum Catheterization and care For doing procedures in the rectum, vulva and vagina