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Poverty (How to reduce it)
The document discusses poverty, its classifications, characteristics, causes, and effects, particularly focusing on poverty in Pakistan. It defines absolute and relative poverty, highlights the significant challenges faced by impoverished populations, and outlines various factors contributing to poverty, including corruption, unemployment, and inflation. Additionally, it suggests several strategies for poverty reduction, such as increasing access to basic needs, education, and financial services.
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Discusses poverty, types (absolute, relative, voluntary), characteristics, causes, and effects.
Examines health, hunger, education issues, and the cycle of poverty affecting individuals and society.
Analyzes poverty in Pakistan, its causes, statistics, and the impact of corruption and inflation on poverty. Examines health, hunger, education issues, and the cycle of poverty affecting individuals and society.
Outlines methods for poverty alleviation, including income support, education, controlling population, and economic opportunities.
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Poverty (How to reduce it)
- 2. Part a: Povertyand its types Poverty line Characteristics Causes Effects
- 3. Part b: Povertyin Pakistan Causes of Poverty in Pakistan Poverty Reduction
- 4. Poverty is thestate of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money.
- 5.
- 6. Absolute povertyrefers to the deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly includes food, water, sanitation, clothing, shelter, health care and education i.e. Absolute Poverty is the absence of enough resources (such as money) to secure basic life necessities. It depends not only on income but also on access to services.
- 7. United Nationsfurther defines absolute poverty as the absence of any two of the following seven basic needs: Food Safe drinking water Sanitation facilities Health Shelter Education Access to services
- 8. Relative povertyviews poverty as socially defined and dependent on social context, hence relative poverty is a measure of income inequality. The term relative poverty can also be used in a different sense to mean "moderate poverty" –- for example, a standard of living or level of income that is high enough to satisfy basic needs but still significantly lower than that of the majority of the population under consideration.
- 9. Relative povertyis measured as the percentage of population with income less than some fixed proportion of median income. Measures of relative poverty are almost the same as measuring income inequality. If a society gets a more equal income distribution, relative poverty will fall.
- 10. Among someindividuals, poverty is considered a necessary condition, which must be embraced to reach certain spiritual, moral, or intellectual states. Poverty is often understood to be an essential element of renunciation in religions such as Buddhism.
- 11. Poverty lineis the minimum level of income deemed adequate. Poverty line is significantly higher in developed countries than in developing countries. The common international poverty line has in the past been roughly $1 a day. In 2008, the World Bank came out with a revised figure of $1.25 and in 2013 $1.50 per head per day.
- 13. Health Hunger Education Housing and Utilities
- 14. Health: Those livingin poverty suffer disproportionately from hunger or even starvation. Those who live in poverty have also been shown to have a far greater likelihood of having a disability within their lifetime as well as Infectious diseases.
- 15. Hunger Rises inthe costs of living making poor people less able to afford items. Poor people spend a greater portion of their budgets on food than richer people. As a result, those near the poverty threshold can be particularly vulnerable to increases in food prices.
- 16. Education A highrisk of educational underachievement for children who are from low-income housing circumstances. Children who live at or below the poverty level will have far less success educationally than children who live above the poverty line.
- 17. Housing and Utilities Poverty increases the risk of homelessness. According to a report by the United Nations there are over 100 million street children worldwide.
- 19. Decline inoverall national growth Political instability Natural disasters Corruption Unemployment
- 20. Lack ofaccess to education Lack of infrastructure Lack of relevant laws &administrative procedures Lack of access to investment & credit, complete market information
- 22. Without thesecurity of formal jobs, each day the poor work from dawn to dusk. All or most of the money earned go to basic survival. There is little or no money left to improve quality of life. Living in poverty almost always means that the harsh reality of today will repeat itself tomorrow.
- 23. Poverty breedspoverty .If one cannot afford proper nutrition or health care for one’s family, children grow up at greater risk of acquiring a life threatening or disabling disease. If one cannot afford to educate one’s children, it will be a repeat of their parents’ life. If one cannot afford to buy one’s own land or home or livestock, there are few opportunities to build assets that will last over time.
- 25. Every thirdPakistani is caught in the ‘Poor’ bracket. Some 58.7 million out of a total population of 180 million subsist below the poverty line. This includes more than half the population in the forever remote Baluchistan , 33 per cent in Sindh, 32 per cent in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 19 per cent in Punjab.
- 26. 32% 19%16% 33% Percentage by Population KPK32% Punjab 19% Baluchistan 16% Sindh 33%
- 27.
- 28. Government BadPolicies Corruption Inflation Smuggling Overpopulation Unemployment Lack of education Law and order situation Foreign Investment
- 29. It isestimated that around 5 Crore per month is spent on the security of Prime Minister and the President. Monthly expense of 1 minister = 30 Lac, Monthly expense of 96 minister = 28 Crore80 Lac
- 30. CORRUPTION It’s acondition when People forget about mortality, and don’t care about the fact if money is being earned by fair means Only one relationship that is exists in society is money. One has to pay a heavy cost to get his right. Institutions have failed to provide justice to common Citizens.
- 31. Poverty inPakistan is increasing because of general rise in prices of all products in Pakistan Hence, it decreases purchasing power of people earning low earnings/Wages/Salaries.
- 32. Pakistan wasrecently facing the shortage of sugar and wheat and other eatable goods due to the smuggling these items to neighboring countries. Pakistan is the 7th largest wheat producing, it’s consumption was 20 Million ton and produced 23 million ton recently. Similarly Pakistan is the 4th largest sugarcane producing country. But still face food products shortage
- 33. International LaborOrganization defines, poverty occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively sought work. Unemployment rate in 2009 was 7.40 which is doubled in 2010, the current rate is 15.20%. When people are unemployed they consume the resources but are unable to contribute in overall economy, which results in poverty.
- 34. Terrorist attackscreate uncertainty in stock markets and people earnings from stock markets are getting loss due to which the whole country faces uncertain increase in commodity prices. Local Industries, Firms are unable to sign agreements with foreign investors due to prevailing law and order situation.
- 35.
- 36. Increasing thesupply of basic needs. Increasing personal income.
- 37. Food and othergoods Subsidies
- 38. Health care andeducation Desirable actions such as enrolling children in school or receiving vaccinations can be encouraged.
- 39. Removing constraints onGovt. services Basic services should be provided without corruption. Health & Education
- 40. Controlling overpopulation Overpopulationand lack of access to birth control leads to population increase to exceed food production and other resources. Empowering women with better education and more control of their lives makes them more successful in bringing down rapid population growth through education.
- 41. Income grants Aguaranteed minimum income ensures that every citizen will be able to purchase a desired level of basic needs. Income grants (subsidies) are argued to be vastly more efficient in extending basic needs to the poor.
- 42. Economic freedoms Easyterms and conditions for the people to open a business. Favorable circumstances. Governments should provide essential infrastructure.
- 43. Financial Services Another formof aid is microloans, where small amounts of money are loaned to farmers or villages, mostly women, who can then obtain physical capital to increase their economic rewards. “Prime Minister Youth Loan scheme is a good step toward financial services.”
- 44. ‘The best everway to minimize poverty is Islamic mode of Wealth Distribution’
- 45. “The amount ofmoney the UK spends On chocolate each year could make Africa NOT live in poverty”.