Power resources of pakistan

Table of contents
 Introduction(renewable and non-renewable energy)
 Resources of Power
 Importance of Power resources for economic development

Introduction
 Energy can be obtained from various
sources like wind, sunlight and water.
 These are either renewable or non-
renewable resources.
 All forms of energy can be converted into
power, which can be used to do work.
 Electricity is used to operate machines and
appliances.
 Pakistan has an installed electricity
generation capacity of 25,100 MW in
2017.
 The average demand is 22,000 MW and
the shortfall was between 5,000 and 6,000
MW.
 Oil, hydel, gas, nuclear, solar and are the
principal sources.
40%
35%
18%
6%
0.6% 0.4%

Nuclear Energy
 Nuclear energy is power that is released
from atoms. It is the most powerful source
of energy.
 At present nuclear power station are based
on atomic fission(splitting of atom into
smaller atoms).
 They use heat energy to make steam which
turns turbine to make electricity.
 Many advance countries of the world have
developed their nuclear energy resources to
great extent.
 Pakistan is also utilizing nuclear energy to
produce electricity.
Chashma nuclear power plant, Mianwali
Karachi nuclear power plant, Karachi

Coal
 Coal is a very old fossil fuel. It is formed by
the decomposition of natural vegetation.
 In Pakistan there are two types of coal found
Bituminous and lignite.
 Pakistan has two major coal power plants
(Sahiwal and Bin Qasim coal power plant)
which are in operation since 2017 and are
producing 2640 MW of electricity
collectively.
 New coal reserves have been discovered in
recent years.
 It is estimated that Pakistan has 7508 million
tonnes of proven coal reserves in eight major
fields in Thar desert and Salt range.
 Now coal is used in much of the cement
industry because it is cheaper than gas.
Sahiwal coal power plant, Sahiwal
Bin Qasim coal power plant, Karachi

Oil(petroleum)
Mineral oil is the most important fossil fuel
these days. It is also known as “black gold”.
It occurs in porous space of grainy rocks and is
derived mainly from decomposition of marine
animals and vegetative matter.
Crude oil cannot be used in its raw state. It has
to be processed and refined into useful
products such as petrol for vehicles.
In Pakistan oil refineries are located in Karachi
and Potwar region.
National oil Refinery, Karachi
Attock oil refinery, Morga

Natural Gas
 Natural gas is an important fuel found in oil-
bearing rocks above the oil.
 These rocks have millions of tiny holes. They
act like a sponge and soak up the gas as it is
formed.
 Natural gas was found in 1952 at Sui,
Balochistan, by Pakistan Petroleum
Limited(PPL) while drilling in search of oil.
 This gas field is considered to be one of the
largest in the world.
 Soon, after discovery a pipeline to Karachi
was completed to provide cheap fuel. Another
pipeline to Multan, Lahore and Faisalabad
was also completed in 1960’s.
SNGPL power plant, Punjab
SSGCL power plant, Sindh

Solar Power
 The energy of sunlight can be used in several
ways. One way is to collect it in solar cells.
 Solar furnaces use giant mirror to focus the sun’s
rays on a boiler. Steam from the boiler is used to
make electricity.
 In Pakistan there is enough potential for solar
energy, as there are 250-300 sunny days a year.
 The 100MW Quaid-e-Azam solar Park was built
by Chinese company in just three months.
 Some 400,000 of solar panels are spread over 200
hectares of flat desert.
 The 100MW plant is the pilot stage of a more
ambitious plan to build the world’s largest solar
farm.
 Once completed the site could have capacity of
5.2 million solar panels producing as much as
1,000MW of electricity .
Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park, Bahawalpur
Harappa Solar Pvt Ltd, Sahiwal

Wind Power
 Wind power is used for many purposes like
sailing , kite flying and even electricity.
 In recent years, wind energy has emerged as
clean, abundant, affordable and an eco-
friendly source of energy.
 A wind turbine has a generator which converts
mechanical power into electricity.
 At present, wind energy contributes little to
power production in Pakistan but government
is taking measures to build wind power plants
in coastal areas.
 In recent years some power plants have been
built including Jhimper and Act wind power
plants.
Jhimper Wind power plant, Jhimper
Act(act group) Wind power plant, Jhimper

Hydro-electric Power
 Hydro-electric power stations use the force of
flowing water to spin the hydro-turbines.
 From a hydro-water turbine there is a shaft
going into the generator, as the turbine moves
rapidly it causes shaft to spin inside a generator
producing electricity.
 HEP is best developed in the mountainous
regions where precipitation is adequate and
there is a steep slope.
 Pakistan has two major hydro-electric power
stations, one at Tarbela and the other one at
Mangla.
 The installed capacity of the 3,478 MW
Tarbela hydroelectric power stations will
increase to 6,298 MW after completion of the
fourth extension and fifth extension.
Tarbela dam, Tarbela(KPK)
Mangla dam, Mirpur(Azad Kashmir)

Importance of Power resources for economic development
Energy resources play a
very important role in the
economic development of a
country in the following
ways:
All industrial plants use
power in processing raw
material Power shortage
reduces production of
goods and increases the
cost which results in lower
GDP.
Modernization of
agriculture is heavily
dependent on power
resources. Tube wells are
run by electricity and
agricultural machinery such
as tractor use oil as fuel.
Power resources are used in
the exploration of minerals.
Power resources play a key
role in modernization of
society. All electronic
appliance such as computer,
tv, mobiles run on
electricity.

Power resources of pakistan

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