Class:10 Political Science,Power sharing
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Power sharing involves distributing power among different government bodies and groups to prevent any single entity from wielding power exclusively. This document discusses power sharing in Belgium as a positive example and Sri Lanka as a negative example. Belgium amended its constitution four times to respect the interests of its Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities by giving powers to state governments and establishing a community government. In contrast, Sri Lanka's majoritarian system that dominated the Tamil minority led to civil war. Power sharing is desirable to reduce conflicts between groups and ensure political stability.
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Class:10 Political Science,Power sharing
- 1. POWER SHARING Class : 10 Political Science, Chapter : 1 By Tsering Chokeyi Teacher
- 2. What is Power Sharing? Distribution of power among • Legislature • Executive • Judiciary Sharing of power among different level • Union/ Central • State • Local Central State Local
- 3. No one man power (Dictatorship)
- 4. Two examples of power sharing Belgium and Srilanga
- 5. Belgium has a population of little over one crore, about half the population of Haryana. Belgium Haryana
- 6. Ethic composition of Belgium FLEMISH REGION WALLONIA REGION 59% Dutch speaking people The Capital City Brussel 80% French speaking 20% Dutch speaking 40% French speaking people 1% German speaking
- 7. During 1950s and 1960s Tension occurred Reason: 1. The minority French speaking community was rich and powerful. Dutch speaking community got benefit of economic development and education much later. 2. The Dutch speaking community constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital.
- 8. Srilanka Haryana About two crore people in Srilanka, same as in Haryana.
- 9. Srilanka, diverse population • Sinhala-speakers 74% Major social group Religion- Buddhist • Tamil-speakers 18% Minority social group Religion – Hindu or Muslim two sub groups • Christian 7% Both Tamil and Sinhala Sri Lankan Tamils Indian Tamil
- 10. Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka • Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. • In 1956, Sinhala was recognised as the only official language of Sri Lanka; thus, disregarding Tamil. • The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. • A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.
- 11. civil war. • In Sri Lanka, the idea of majoritarianism crumbled the country. • A feeling of alienation was seen among the Sri Lankan Tamils. • The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. • This was denied by the Sinhala dominated government.
- 12. By 1980: • several political organizations were formed demanding an independent Tamil • Eelam (state) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka was demanded independent • These differences in the two different communities pushed Sri Lanka into the state of civil war.
- 13. Accommodation in Belgium • Leader took different path Between 1970-1993 Amended their constitution four times The arrangement they made was different and innovative.
- 14. The elements of the Belgium model • Central government- equal number of minister from Dutch and French speaking • Power- many powers of the central gov.t have been given to state government. • State gov.t- not subordinate to the central gov.t • Brussel- both the communities have equal representatives.
- 15. Community government- third government • Election of representative done by people belonging to same language community, regardless of where they live. The community gov.t has power regarding cultural, educational and language related issue. If Europe come together to form European Union, Brussels was chosen as its headquater.
- 16. Belgium and Srilanka • Belgium’s leaders Leaders realized the unity of the country. Respect feelings and interests of different communities and regions. • Srilanka Majoritarianism Dominance of majority result in civil war
- 17. • Think, Pair and Share ? WHY POWER SHARING IS DESIRABLE ? Share your own view.
- 18. Two Reasons: 1. Prudential: Involving or showing care 2. Moral : concerned with the principles of right and wrong behaviour
- 19. Prudential Reason It reduces the possibility of conflict between social group. It ensure the stability of political order. It state that power sharing will bring out better outcomes. Conflict leads to violence and political instability
- 20. Moral Reason Power sharing is the spirit of democracy People have right to consult on how they are to be governed. Legitimate government- citizen, through participation, acquire a stake in the system
- 21. Forms of power sharing Long time believe • Power must reside in one group or one person • If power to decide is dispersed, it affect quick decisions and to enforcing them. The notion have changed with democracy: • People rule themselves through institutions of self governance. • Due respect is given to diverse groups
- 22. In Modern Democracies, power sharing arrangements can take many forms
- 23. 1. Power is Shared among different organs of government Organs of Government Legislative Executive Judiciary HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF POWER • Such a separation ensures that none of the organ can exercise unlimited power. • One organ will not interfere in the matters of the other. • Each organ checks the other which results in balance of power among various organs. • This result in a balance of power among various institutions. This arrangement is called System of Check and Balance
- 24. 2. Power can shared among government at different level Level of government Central State Local VERTICAL A general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level which is called federal government.
- 25. 3. Power sharing among social groups • Social group: religious and linguistic groups. • Community government of Belgium is the good example • Constitutional and legal arrangements for weaker sections, women. • It meant to give space in the govt. & administration to diverse social groups. • It is used to give fair chance to minority communities.
- 26. 4. Power shared by Political parties, Pressure groups & Movements • Power is shared between various political parties through coalition govt. in case a single largest party is not winning majority. • Citizens have the freedom to choose among various contenders for power. • It ensures that power does not remain in one hand. • Interest groups( traders, businessmen, industrialists, farmers, industrial workers) also share the power.