PPG - concept of power power power-.pptx

Power`
By
Mr. Mahesh Jaiwantrao Patil
M.A. (Political Science), M.Phil, NET, SET, & Ph.D (Pursuing)
Assistant Professor,
Narayanrao Chavan Law College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
Cell No.(+91) 09860816313
Copyright ©2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.

Main Object of Chapter
To understand
 Meaning & Definitions of Power.
 Nature and features of Power.
 Types / kinds of Power.

Introduction
 In social science and politics, power is the ability to
influence control the behavior of people. The term "
authority" is often used for power perceived as
legitimate by the social structure. Power can be seen as
unjust, but the exercise of power is accepted as
endemic to humans as social beings.
 In business, power is often expressed as being
"upward" or "downward". With downward power, a
company's superior influences subordinates. When a
company exerts upward power, it is the subordinates
who influence the decisions of their leader or leaders

Power may be regarded as one of the central
concepts of political science. It is said that
the concept of power holds the same status
in the realm of political science as held by
the concept of money in the realm of
economics.
It is the ability of a person to fulfill his
desire or to achieve his objectives


CONCEPT OF
POWER
POWER is the capacity of an actor to compel
or influence other actors to alter their
behavior or to do what they would not do

POWER may
be measured
in terms of its
DOMAIN,
SCOPE and
WEIGHT.

DOMAIN OF POWER refers to the
aggregate of individuals whose
behavior it can alter.

SCOPE OF POWER
covers the values
implicated in the
objectives of the
power wielder.

WEIGHT OF POWER
refers to the extent it
affects policies

AUTHORITY refers to the formal or legal
relationships between policymakers and
citizens.

Influence is the capacity to produce
an effect without the threat of
coercion.

LEGITIMACY is the extent to which
citizens regard the state and its
institutions including its policies and
programs as morally right and
acceptable.

ATTITUDE is a
learned
predisposition
towards political
objects. It is an
idea charged with
emotions, which
predisposes
certain kinds of
actions to a

PUBLIC
OPINION
refers to the
summation of
the expressed
or verbalized
attitudes of
individuals.

PERCEPTION is the
expression of all those
members of a group
who are giving
attention in any way to
a given issue. It is a
selection process by
which individuals
choose and organize
stimuli that they think
fit for their attention.

VALUES are enduring
beliefs that a specific
end-state of existing
order or mode of
conduct preferable to an
opposite state. It
includes the goals
targeted by a political
activity and the
behavior employed in
achieving said goals.

CONFLICT is a
disharmony
arising from
stresses and
strains due to
some changes in
the political
environment.

DECISION-MAKING is
the process by which
authorized individuals
or groups make
decisions with the
effect of allocating
resources in the
society through
resolutions, laws,
policies, programs,
decrees, etc.

According to JOHN
CALHOUN “
interests were
destined to be
varied and diverse
in the society”
Because of diversity,
individuals tend to
associate
themselves.

Meaning
 Power, in its broadest sense, is the ability to influence the
outcome of events.
 In the sense of having the ‘power, to do something.
 In global politics, this includes the ability of a country to
conduct its own affairs without the interference of other
countries,
 Power is usually thought of as a relationship: that is, as the
ability to influence the behaviour of others in a manner not
of their choosing, or ‘power over’ others.
 It is capacity of individual to impose ones will over the
behaviour of others.
 It is a ability of the person to produce intended effects on
others

 when we say A is more powerful than B. It
means B will act according to wishes of A.
It denotes/ means the ability of a person to
fulfill his desire or to achieve his objectives.
Power is generally thought to involve
bringing about of an action by someone
against the will or desire of another.
 A powerful person creates situation when
you do not have an option but to follow the
wishes of the powerful person.
It is ability to use force.

Definition
 George Schwarzenbarger: The power is the capacity
to impose ones will on other by reliance on effective
sanctions in case of non –compliance.
 Hans Morgantheau: the power of man over the
minds and actions of other men.

Where does power come
from?
Formal Sources
 Coercive: Ability to punish, use of fear
 Rewards: Control over rewards
 Legitimate: Based on position
 Information: Access to or control of

Where does power come from?
Personal Sources
 Expert: Knowledge or special skills
 Referent: Personal characteristics
 Charisma: Personality or style

Concept of Power
Power - the ability to influence another person
Influence - the process of affecting the thoughts,
behavior, & feelings of another person
Authority - the right to influence another person

Types of Power
 Political Power : It is essential to distinguish between
formal and informal organs of power .
 Legislature , executive and judiciary are the
traditionally recognized organs of power in a state. It
represents formal organs . The obedience secured by
these organs , backed by sanctions. It is important
form of political power.
 Executive and legislature make various laws together
such as collections of taxes, issue of licences, permits
and regulate a large variety of citizen actions.

 Informal organs of power are Political parties, Pressure
groups, public opinion, popular movements, etc.

 Economic Power: it is the power emanating from the
possession of material things especially the major
means of production and distribution . It is important
factor behind politics. For instance big landlords,
industrialist , businessman are able to influence public
decisions regarding the fixation of priorities in
economic development.
 The possessors of economic power exercise their
influence on politics in several ways. Their pressures
groups are stronger, more organized and more vocal.
 For instance , in India, the chambers of commerce and
industry are very strong, the workers union are not
strong, peasants union are less strong and consumers
organizations are the weakest lot.

 Ideological Power: it provies a more stable base of
political power. It is promoted by ruling class in a given
society regarding the best system of government.
 Ideology is a systematic set of arguments and belief
used to justify an existing or desired social order.
 It provides legitimacy to the ruling classes and help
them maintain their stronghold on political power.
 When the people are made to believe that a particular
system of government is the best system , they will not
oppose the authority of the ruling classes.
 the people express their approval to the rule of
particular persons & policies under an ideological
spell.

 Military power: The military, also called the armed
forces, are forces authorized to use deadly force, and
weapons, to support the interests of the state and some
or all of its citizens. The task of the military is usually
defined as defense of the state and its citizens, and the
prosecution of war against another state.
 Military power may refer to: The armed forces of a
nation (in a narrow sense) or in the wider sense,
the capabilities of a group such as a fire team, squad,
etc. A great power, in a military context. Military
power (jet engines), the maximum power setting of
a military jet aircraft without the use of afterburners.

 Rank 1United, 2 Russia, 3. China, 4Japan

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