PPG Lesson 3.pdf.pdfPPG Lesson 3.pdf.pdf

PPG Lesson 3.pdf.pdfPPG Lesson 3.pdf.pdf

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  P o we r LESSON 3: Humanities and Social Sciences Arianne Grace I. Maliwat SHS - Teacher 1 Dolores National High School
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  Learning Objectives: At theend of this lesson, the students should be able to: define power; 1. recognize the nature, dimensions, types, and consequences of power; 2. analyze the nature, dimensions, types, and consequences of power; and 3. assess how power is exercised in different situations. 4.
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  "Nearly all mencan stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power." - Abraham Lincoln
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  Power in thenatural sciences can be easily established through a single equation, which signifies the quantifiable nature of physical power. Power in society, and by extension, the social sciences, on the other hand, is more complicated because it is continuously being molded by the dynamic nature of society and the objective and subjective capacity of man.
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  There are alot of ways that power can be exerted over a person or a group. First is power through influencing the decision-making process. Boulding (in Heywood, 2019) noted three faces of power by which you can influence others: through intimidation or what he called the "stick"; 1. productive exchange for a win-win situation or the "deal"; and, 2. creations of obligations and commitment or what was termed the "kiss." 3.
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  The second wayto have power over a person is the opposite of the first one which is preventing them to make a decision especially through setting the agenda or topics that you will have to deal with (Bahrach and Baratz in Heywood, 2019). By setting the agenda, you can exclude issues that you don't want to talk about or set parameters on how to tackle them to your advantage.
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  Finally, the thirdway to have power over others is directly or indirectly influencing their thought processes, their beliefs, and/or their wants and needs through the use of propaganda, ideological indoctrination, or psychological control (Heywood, 2019).
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  The extent ofthe consequences of power is dependent upon the different ways, the degrees, and the aims by which power is expressed in society. For instance, political power in a state is exercised by the government. Through this power, the government is able to create and enact laws that promote peace and order in society and influence various processes such as those affecting the economy for the benefit of its constituents.
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  In their attemptto classify and better understand power, Barnett and Duvall (Pallaver, 2011) created the taxonomy of power with four major types: Compulsory Power - the direct control of one actor of the conditions and actions of another. 1. Examples of the consequence of compulsory power may include the role of group leaders in influencing the outcome of a certain project through their authority in decision making as well as in setting agenda for their respective organizations.
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  2. Institutional Power- the indirect ways in which an actor affects another. An example is the use of rules or the law to impose order. Examples of the consequences of institutional power is on how laws and norms affect human behaviour in different settings. For instance, in extreme settings such as lockdowns and community quarantines to prevent the spread of a contagious and deadly disease, special laws are instituted to minimize human movement, thus, preventing the spread of the disease.
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  3. Structural Power- basically looks at the position and the roles of various actors in relation to each other. Examples are coach to player, boss to worker, or captain to crew relationships wherein the position of each player toward another provides them roles and responsibilities that they play even without one coercing the other.
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  3. Structural Power- basically looks at the position and the roles of various actors in relation to each other. Examples are coach to player, boss to worker, or captain to crew relationships wherein the position of each player toward another provides them roles and responsibilities that they play even without one coercing the other.
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  4. Productive Power- focuses not on the direct structures provided and accepted by each actor, but on the discourse between the actors in which power is negotiated. Productive power entails the social discourses that produce lived, fixed, experienced, and transformed meanings. This is mainly used in international relations wherein meanings associated with identities are produced that categorizes different cultures, states, and groups of people. This can be seen by using categories such as third world, civilized, western, democratic, and so on.
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  According to Aristotlein his Politics, there are situations where power in government is corrupted by the personal and selfish goals of individuals. Because of these egoistic goals, individuals pursue laws and intervene with social services to achieve personal rather than communal gains. This is true throughout the history of man wherein various individuals identified by Thomas Carlyle (1841) as "Great Men" of history have used the power vested in them by their governments to pursue personal ambitions over the welfare of their people. Well-known among these "Great Men" are dictators and despots such as Pol Pot and Adolf Hitler.
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  Coercive Power Expert Power Powerof Reward Referent Power Legitimate Power Purchasing Power