PPT 384 TRANSFORMER HEALTH MONITORING.pptx
- 1. . TRANSFORMER HEALTH MONITORING Under the Guidance of Submitted by Project Title
- 2. ABSTARCT . Power transformer is a complex and critical component of the power transmission and distribution system. System abnormalities, loading, switching and ambient condition normally contributes towards accelerated aging and sudden failure. the absence of critical components monitoring, the failure risk is always high. For early fault detection and real-time condition assessment, online monitoring system in accordance with age and conditions of the asset would be an important tool.
- 3. CONTINUED… After being indicative of abnormality, it is important to carry out offline tests/ diagnostics to ascertain the overall integrity and assessment to avoid unscheduled outage / revenue losses and environmental/ collateral damages. Paying higher attention to vital equipment transformers are valuable components in electrical power networks outages have not only financial repercussions, they also impact on the stability of the grid
- 5. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Arduino Transformer LCD Buzzer Diode Capacitor Resistor Load LM35 Pot
- 6. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Eagle Arduino
- 7. ARDUINO The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog pins, and programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) via a type B USB cable.
- 8. The word "uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark the initial release of the Arduino Software. Uno board is the first in a series of USB-based Arduino boards, and it and version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE were the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. ATmega328 on the board comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows uploading new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. While the Uno communicates using the original STK500 protocol, it differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.
- 10. PINS: . General pin functions: LED: There is a built-in LED driven by digital pin 13. When the pin is high value, the LED is on, when the pin is low, it's off. VIN: The input voltage to the Arduino/Genuino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin. 5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 20V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7- 20V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage the board.
- 11. . 3V3: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA. GND: Ground pins. IOREF: This pin on the Arduino/Genuino board provides the voltage reference with which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin voltage and select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs to work with the 5V or 3.3V. Reset: Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.
- 12. RESISTORS: A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component designed to oppose an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the current, that is, in accordance with Ohm's law: V = IR Resistors are used as part of electrical networks and electronic circuits. They are extremely commonplace in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high- resistivity alloy, such as nickel/chrome).
- 13. POWER SUPPLY 230 V AC 50 Hz 5V DC 12V step down transformer Filter(470µf) 5v Regulator Bridge rectifier
- 14. DESCRIPTION OF POWER SUPPLY The circuit uses standard power supply comprising of a step-down transformer from 230v to 12v and 4 diodes forming a Bridge Rectifier that delivers pulsating dc which is then filtered by an electrolytic capacitor of about 470microf to 100microF. The filtered dc being un regulated IC LM7805 is used to get 5v constant at its pin no 3 irrespective of input dc varying from 9v to 14v. The regulated 5volts dc is further filtered by a small electrolytic capacitor of 10 micro f for any noise so generated by the circuit. One LED is connected of this 5v point in series with a resistor of 330ohms to the ground i.e. negative voltage to indicate 5v power supply availability.
- 15. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD) .. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.
- 16. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD Click to learn more about internal structure of a LCD.
- 18. RELAY It is a electro magnetic switch Used to control the electrical devices Copper core magnetic flux plays main role here
- 19. The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO: COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of the itch. NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off. NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on
- 20. RELAY DRIVER (ULN 2003) ULN2003 is a high voltage and high current Darlington transistor array It consists of seven NPN Darlington pairs that feature high-voltage outputs with common-cathode Clamp diode for switching inductive loads. The ULN2003 has a 2.7kW series base resistor for each Darlington pair for operation directly with TTL or 5V CMOS devices. Current, Output Max:500mA Voltage, Input Max:5V Voltage, Output Max:50V
- 21. Fig: ULN 2003
- 22. . LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in o C). The sensor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subjected to oxidation and other processes. With LM35, temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. It also possess low self heating and does not cause more than 0.1o C temperature rise in still air. The LM35 datasheet specifies that this ICs are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade)temperature. LM35:
- 23. BUZZER: . A buzzer takes some sort of input and emits a sound in response to it. They may use various means to produce the sound; everything from metal clappers to electromechanical devices.
- 24. PIEZO BUZZER . Piezo buzzer is an electronic device commonly used to produce sound. Light weight, simple construction and low price make it usable in various applications like car/truck reversing indicator, computers, call bells etc. Piezo buzzer is based on the inverse principle of piezo electricity discovered in 1880 by Jacques and Pierre Curie. It is the phenomena of generating electricity when mechanical pressure is applied to certain materials and the vice versa is also true. Such materials are called piezo electric materials.
- 25. WORKING OF POTENTIOMETERS . The metallic wiper acts as a conducting path between the lug 1 and lug 2. So the resistance between the left lug and the centre lug is the resistance of the part of carbon strip over which the metallic wiper has traversed. When we rotate the shaft of the potentiometer, we actually rotate the metallic wiper attached to it and hence change the resistance. This way the pot acts as a variable resistance
- 26. ADVANTAGES This remote monitoring of transformer /generator health over internet system could be used for the real-time data... This system could be used for real time data monitoring of industrial loads. This system could be used for real time data monitoring of domestic load. By using this system, the user or supply company can easily check the instant temperature, current or voltage of...
- 27. FUTURE SCOPE In future work we can develop database of all parameters of distribution transformer which are placed at different places. We can get all information by placing the proposed system modules at every transformer. We can send the data through Wifi module and also through Ethernet shield. With Ethernet shield we can make remote terminal unit as a server and store data on webpage or website. A Wifi module connects to nearby network and sends information to monitoring node.
- 28. . REFERENCES: 1.Lizhi Zhao, Weigen Chen, Fu Wan, Jing Shi “Laser Raman Spectroscopy Applied in Detecting Gas in Transformer Oil”, 2013 Annual Report- Confer-ence on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena 2. X.G. Yang, Q.L. Wu, Raman spectroscopy analysis and application. Beijing: National Defence Industry Press, 2008. 3. DR.G.V.RAO “ROWSONS TRANSFORMER MANUAL
- 29. QUERIES ?
- 30. THANK YOU