4. Strategies & Examples
SKILL 1: FOCUS ON THE SECOND LINE & RESTATE WITH SYNONYM
1. Kata kunci dari soal short conversation sering kali terletak dari ucapan pembicara
kedua.
2. Jawaban dari soal merupakan kalimat yang maknanya sama dengan ucapan
pembicara kedua tersebut.
3. INTINYA, carilah padanan (sinonim) dari kalimat yang dimaksud oleh pembicara
kedua.
On the recording, you hear:
(Woman) : Steve, is something the matter? You don’t look very good.
(Man) : Oh, I’m feeling a little sick today.
(Narrator): What does the man mean?
In your test book, you read:
(A) He’s a bit ill.
(B) He’s very good looking.
(C) He looks worse than he feels.
(D) His feet are a little thick.
a little sick
A
5. On the recording, you hear:
WOMAN : How do you win that game?
MAN : Actually I was very lucky.
NARRATOR : What does the man mean?
A. He was quite fortunate.
B. He lacked the opportunity to play the game.
C. He didn't actually win the game.
D. He came sometime after Luke.
very lucky
A
7. Strategies & Examples
SKILL 2: WHO, WHAT, AND WHERE
1. Antisipasi opsi jawaban.
2. Fokus pada gender si pembicara.
3. Petunjuk jawaban sudah dimunculkan sejak pembicara pertama.
4. Tarik kesimpulan berdasarkan situasi yang ada dalam dialog.
On the recording, you hear:
Man :“What do you do during your performance?”
Woman :“I play the piano and sing.”
Narrator :“Who is the woman most likely to be?”
In your test book, you read:
(A) An athlete
(B) A member of the audience
(C) A clerk in a music store
(D) A musician
performance
play the piano and sing
D
8. On the recording, you hear:
Man : I’d like to open an account, please.
Woman : What type of account would you like,
a checking or savings account?
Narrator : Where does this conversation probably take place?
In your test book, you read:
(A) in an accounting class
(B) in a bank
(C) at a service station
(D) in a market
B
an account
a checking or savings
10. EXPRESSION OF AGREEMENT
EKSPRESI PERSETUJUAN
Agreement with Positive Statements Agreement with Negative Statements
Me, too
I’ll say!
You can say that again
So do I
Aren’t they!
Doesn’t it!
Don’t they!
Neither do I
I don’t either
I am not either
On the recording, you hear:
(John) : I thought that the meal was overpriced.
(Shirley) : Me, too.
(Narrator) : What does the woman mean?
In your test book, you read:
(A) She has the same opinion of the meal as the man.
(B) There were too many spices in the meal.
(C) The price of the meal was great.
(D) She wants to share the man’s meat.
A
Me, too.
Agreement with Positive Statements
Pilihan jawaban paling populer:
1) Agree
2) Same opinion
3) Share opinion
4) Also/too/both
11. EXPRESSION OF AGREEMENT
EKSPRESI PERSETUJUAN
Agreement with Positive Statements Agreement with Negative Statements
So do I
Me, too
I’ll say!
Isn’t it!
Aren’t they !
Doesn’t it!
Don’t they!
You can say that again
Neither do I
I don’t either
I am not either
On the recording, you hear:
(Man) : I think that the hypothesis is indefensible
(Woman) : So do I
(Narrator) : What does the woman mean?
In your test book, you read:
(A) She is unsure about the hypothesis.
(B) The hippopotamus is behind the fence.
(C) She thinks that the hypothesis can be defended.
(D) She agrees with the man.
D
So do I
Agreement with Positive Statements
Pilihan jawaban paling populer:
1) Agree
2) Same opinion
3) Share opinion
4) Also/too/both
12. On the recording, you hear:
(Woman) : I don’t really care for the way the building was renovated.
(Man) : I don’t either.
(Narrator) : What does the man mean?
In your test book, you read:
(A) He thinks the building was not renovated.
(B) He has the same opinion of the building as the woman.
(C) He doesn’t care about the renovation of the building.
(D) He suggests being careful in the renovated building.
EXPRESSION OF AGREEMENT
EXPRESSIONS OF AGREEMENT
Agreement with Positive Statements Agreement with Negative Statements
So do I
Me, too
I’ll say!
Isn’t it!
Doesn’t it!
Don’t they!
You can say that again
Neither do I
I don’t either
I am not either
B
I don’t either
Pilihan jawaban paling populer:
1) Agree
2) Same opinion
3) Share opinion
4) Also/too/both
14. SIMILAR SOUND
search
research
church
bed
head
bad
mail
male
meet
meat
STRATEGY #4: AVOID SIMILAR SOUNDS
1) Baca pilihan jawaban dengan seksama.
2) Jika pada pilihan jawaban yang berbeda, terdapat dua atau lebih
kata yang mirip suaranya (jika dibaca dengan benar), Anda dapat
"memprediksi" bahwa itu bukan jawabannya.
3) Dengarkan percakapan dengan seksama.
4) Jika Anda tidak dapat memahami percakapan dengan sempurna,
pilih jawaban yang suaranya berbeda dengan apa yang diucapkan oleh
pembicara.
15. On the recording, you hear:
Woman : I heard that Sally just moved into a new, big house near the beach.
Man : But Sally doesn’t have a cent!
Narrator : What does the man mean?
In your test book you read:
(A) Sally has no sense of responsibility.
(B) Sally sent her friend to the house.
(C) Sally has no money.
(D) Sally is on the set with her.
C
On the recording, you hear:
Man : Why couldn’t Mark come with us?
Woman : He was searching for a new apartment.
Narrator : What does the woman say about Mark?
In your test book, you read:
(A) He was in the department office.
(B) He was looking for a place to live.
(C) He was working on his research project.
(D) He had an appointment at church.
B
apartment
department
appointment
searching
research
a cent
sense
sent
set
church
17. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
“LONG CONVERSATION & LONG TALK”
LISTENING STRATEGIES
1) Baca opsi jawaban sebelum audio diputar.
2) Fokuslah pada 2 kalimat awal ketika audio diputar, karena jawaban untuk
pertanyaan pertama akan ditemukan di awal percakapan/pembicaraan.
3) Persiapkan diri dengan memunculkan pertanyaan 5W1H (Who, what, where,
when, why, dan How) selama audio diputar.
4) Pertanyaan pasti akan berurutan berdasarkan isi percakapan/ceramah.
5) Beri perhatian pada akhir dari percakapan, karena itu akan menjawab soal
terakhir dari percakapan/ceramah.
18. EXAMPLE OF LONG CONVERSATION
Example:
Narrator : Question 1 through 4. Listen to a conversation between two people who are
decorating an apartment.
Woman : Hey, Walt. Do you think you could help me hang these pictures on the wall?
There are only two of them.
Man : Sure, Monica. Where do you want them to go?
Woman : I’d like to picture the mountains over the fireplace, and I’d like the picture of
my family over the sofa. What do you think?
Man : I think they’ll look fine there. How about if you hold the pictures while
I hammer the nails into the wall?
Woman : Okay. Let’s start with a picture of my family.
1. WHAT ARE THE MAN AND WOMAN DISCUSSING?
2. HOW MANY PICTURES ARE THERE?
3. WHERE IS THE PICTURE OF THE WOMAN’S FAMILY GOING?
4. WHAT IS WALT PROBABLY GOING TO DO NEXT?
hang these pictures on the wall
two
over the sofa
I hammer the nails into the wall?
19. EXAMPLE OF LONG TALKS
Example:
Narrator : Question 1 through 4. Listen to a lecture in a history class.
Woman : Salt, which today seems so plentiful to us, in the past used to be a
valuable commodity. In the ancient past in China, salt was used to make coins,
and in parts of Africa it was traded in place of money. In the Roman Empire,
soldiers were not paid in money but were instead paid in salt. In fact, the English
word “salary” which means the amount of money that one earns, comes from
the Latin root for “salt”.
1. WHAT IS THE TOPIC OF THE TALK?
2. WHAT WAS SALT USED FOR IN CHINA?
3. WHAT DOES “SALARY” MEAN IN ENGLISH?
4. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE ROOT “SALT” IN LATIN?
Salt
make coins
earn
salt
21. BE SURE THE SENTENCE HAS A SUBJECT
AND A VERB (PREDICATE)
SUBJECT (PREDICATE)
VERB/AUXILIARY
SINGULAR (Tunggal) SINGULAR (is, was, has, does, V1s/es)
PLURAL (Jamak) PLURAL (are, were, have, do, V1)
I You They We ------- GAK SUKA S
(is,was,has,does,V1s/es)
She He It -------------- SUKA S
REMEMBER
I
e.g. They (watch, watches) a football game.
Andin (cook, cooks) the meat.
watch
e.g. I (have prepared, has prepared) for the exam.
Matthew (have gone, has gone) to Italy .
has gone
e.g. I (was studying, were studying) English.
Mahmud (is, are) going to campus.
was studying
is
e.g. The car (was, were) in the garage.
adverb
Those books (is, are) expensive.
adjective
was
was
are
have prepared
e.g. Ahmad (study, studied) English last night.
studied
cooks
22. 1. _________ was backed up for miles on the freeway.
(A) Yesterday (C) Traffic
(B) In the morning (D) Cars
was backed
2. Tiger moths wings they have stripes or spots marks.
A B C D
C
SUBJECT VERB/AUXILIARY
SINGULAR (Tunggal) SINGULAR (is, was, has, does, V1s/es)
PLURAL (Jamak) PLURAL (are, were, have, do, V1)
I You They We ------- GAK SUKA S
(is,was,has,does,V1s/es)
She He It -------------- SUKA S
REMEMBER
was
Tiger moths wings
PLURAL (Jamak)
B
EXAMPLES
24. 2) Object of Preposition adalah Noun (Kata Benda) yang muncul setelah preposition.
e.g After studying English For two days
Before going home The head of musical schools
1) Macam Preposition:
in, at, of, to, by, for, behind, on, with, during, after, before, without, etc.
e.g. After studying English, we went home.
After studying English We
3) Object of preposition tidak dapat menjadi subjek dalam kalimat.
After
Before
For
of
studying English
going home
two days
musical schools
e.g. Before going home, Dimas calls his mom.
e.g. For two days, Indra has stayed in the hotel
e.g. The head of musical schools (is, are) my uncle.
Dimas
Indra
is
Before going home
For two days
of musical schools
BE CAREFUL OF OBJECTS OF PREPOSITION
The head
Tunggal dan Jamaknya ditentukan sebelum Preposisi:
in, at, of, to, by, for, behind, on, with, during, after, before, without, etc
25. Mrs. Tamara’s way of teaching and of dealing with student (has, have) earned her name of teacher model.
The danger of forest fires (is, are) not to be taken lightly.
Mrs. Tamara’s way
it
The danger
it
has
is
e.g. With his friend ______ found the movie theater.
(A) has (C) later
(B) he (D) when
With his friend
B
In the United States, water treatment are generally the responsibility of municipal
A B C
governments.
D
water treatment
is
The attacks on JF Kennedy in the first legislature campaign has been predicted by
A B C D
several political pundits.
The attacks
D
B
have been
EXAMPLES
found
27. Person
is,was,has,
does,V1s/es
Thing
is,was,has,
does,V1s/es
No one/body Nothing
Anyone/body Anything
Someone/body Something
Everyone/body Everything
SUBJECT VERB/
AUXILIARY
One of + Noun
is, was,
has, does,
V1 s/es
Each + Noun
Each of + Noun
Every + Noun
AFTER CERTAIN WORDS
1. Nobody (works,work) harder than Juan does.
2. Something (was,were) under the house.
works
was
3. Everybody ________ to the theater.
(A) are going (C) go
(B) is going (D) going
Everybody
B
4. Every item in this house are bought with my own money.
A B C D
Every item
B
5. Each number on the Richter scale represent a tenfold increase in the amplitude of
A B
waves of ground motion recorded during an earthquake.
C D
Each
B
is
represents
29. S Have
Has
Had
V3
been
Ving
V3
Complement
(Adj/Noun/Adv)
After Have, Has, Had + V3/BEEN
Continuous (me/ber)
Passive (di/ter)
Nominal
Active (me/ber)
V3
been
1. They _____ to London this month.
(A) has left (B) have leaving
(C) have left (D) have leave
They
REMEMBER
I You They We ------- GAK SUKA S
(is,was,has,does,V1s/es)
She He It -------------- SUKA S
C
2. He _______ a lot of English papers.
(A) has brought (B) has been bring
(C) have brought (D) has bring
He
A
30. 3. You _______ many detective stories.
(A) has watch (B) have watching
(C) has been watch (D) have watched
You
I You They We ------- GAK SUKA S
(is,was,has,does,V1s/es)
She He It -------------- SUKA S
4. Fish farming has rose in the United States in recent years.
A B C D
REMEMBER
D
C
S
Have
Has
Had
V3
been
Ving
V3
Complement
V3
has
risen
31. 5. I have not wrote very many letters to my friends.
A B C D
have
I You They We ------- GAK SUKA S
(is,was,has,does,V1s/es)
She He It -------------- SUKA S
6. We have became good friends since last year.
A B C D
REMEMBER
A
B
We
S
Have
Has
Had
V3
been
Ving
V3
Complement
V3
V3
written
become
33. MODAL
Modal Present Modal Past
Can Could
May Might
Will Would
Shall Should
Must Had to
M
O
D
A
L
V1
Be
Ving
V3
Complement
Adjective/Noun/Adverb
V1 (me/ber)
be
Ving (me/ber)
V3 (di/ter)
M
O
D
A
L
Have
V3
been
Ving
V3
Complement
have
S Have
Has
Had
V3
been
Ving
V3
Complement
1. The company will _________ the salary of each employee.
(A) raising (B) be raise
(C) raised (D) raise
will
D
2. If Armando had really wanted to pass his exam, he ______ much more.
(A) would has studied (B) would have studied
(C) would studied (D) would studying
V3 (me/ber)
Ving (me/ber)
V3 (di/ter)
been
V3 (me/ber)
been
Ving (me/ber)
V3 (di/ter)
have
has
had
B
34. 3. In the cold climate of the far north, mosquito eggs may remains dormant from autumn until
A B C D
late June. may remain
M
O
D
A
L
V1
Be
Ving
V3
Complement
REMEMBER
V1
C
4. You can ate as many as you want but you cannot bring them home.
A B C D
can eat
V1
A
5. Every morning the plants must been watered.
A B C D
must be
C
36. DEFINISI
Main idea questions adalah jenis pertanyaan mengenai ide pokok dari sebuah bacaan.
Ragam Pertanyaan
What is the main idea/main point/the subject/the topic of the text/passage?
(Apakah ide pokok/subjek/topik bacaan tersebut?)
The passage mainly discusses _______
(Bacaan tersebut utamanya membahas ______ )
With what is the author primarily concerned ______
(Apa yang menjadi perhatian utama dari si penulis?)
What would be a good title of the text?
(Apakah judul yang bagus untuk bacaan tersebut?)
STRATEGI
Lakukan skimming yakni proses mengulas isi bacaan secara cepat untuk
menentukan inti bacaan/ide utamanya. Langkah-langkah:
1) Baca kalimat pertama di tiap paragraf.
2) Temukan kata kunci yang menjadi inti di tiap paragraf. Kata kunci umumnya
berupa kata-kata spesifik yang membutuhkan penjabaran.
3) Cari penegas dalam kalimat atau paragraf kedua, ketiga dan selanjutnya. Jika
pengulangan, maka ide utama bacaan ada di paragraf pertama.
4) Hati-hati dengan kata hubung pengingkar “but”.
37. Example:
In the philosophy of John Dewey, a sharp distinction is made between
“intelligence” and “reasoning.” According to Dewey, intelligence is the only
absolute way to achieve a balance between realism and idealism, between
practically and wisdom of life. Intelligence involves “interacting with other things
and knowing them,” while reasoning is merely the act of an observer,” … a mind
that beholds or grasps object outside the world of things …”
With reasoning, a level of mental certainty can be achieved, but it is through
intelligence that control is taken of events that shape one’s life.
intelligence is
With reasoning
The question:
What is the topic of this passage?
A. Distinctions made by John Dewey
B. The intelligence of John Dewey
C. How intelligence differs from reasoning in Dewey’s works
D. Dewey’s ideas on the ability to reason
C
a sharp distinction
39. DEFINISI
Pertanyaan mengenai detail atau isi bacaan adalah model pertanyaan tentang sebagian informasi
tertentu yang terdapat dalam bacaan, bukan isi bacaan secara keseluruhan.
Ragam Pertanyaan
According to the passage, _______
(Menurut bacaan tersebut _______)
It is stated in the passage _______
(Itu dinyatakan dalam bacaan bahwa _______)
The passage indicates that _______
(Bacaan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa _______)
The author mentions that _______
(Penulis menyebutkan bahwa _______)
Which of the following is true _______?
(Yang manakah dari berikut yang benar _______?)
STRATEGI
1) Baca soal dan temukan kata kunci.
2) Copy kata kunci dan paste dalam bacaan, lakukan scanning.
3) Carilah jawaban yang senada dengan gagasan yang disampaikan dalam
bacaan.
4) Hilangkan jawaban yang pasti salah dan pilihlah jawaban terbaik dari
pilihan yang tersisa.
40. Example:
Williamsburg is a historic city in Virginia situated on a Peninsula between two
rivers, the York and the James. It was settled by English colonists in 1633,
twenty-six years after the first permanent English colony in America was settled
at Jamestown. In the beginning the colony at Williamsburg was named Middle
Plantation because of its location in the middle of Peninsula. The site for
Williamsburg had been selected by the colonists because the soil drainage was
better there than at the Jamestown location and there were fewer mosquitoes.
.
The question:
According to the passage, Williamsburg is located
(A) on an island (C) where the York and the James meet
(B) in the middle of a river (D) on a piece of land with rivers on two sides
Williamsburg is located
D
Williamsburg is a historic city in Virginia situated on a Peninsula between two
rivers, the York and the James.
42. Definisi
Pertanyaan pronoun referent adalah pertanyaan mengenai rujukan dari
sebuah pronoun pada sebuah kalimat.
Ragam Pertanyaan
1. The pronoun “_______” in line/sentence _______ refers to _______
(Kata ganti “_______” pada baris _______ merujuk pada _______ )
2. What does “_______ “ in line/sentence _______ refer to?
(Merujuk pada apakah, kata ganti “_______” pada baris _______?)
STRATEGI
Terapkan rumus mundur yakni strategi mencari jawaban dengan cara melihat pada
kalimat sebelumnya.
Langkah-langkah:
1) Pahami pronoun yang ditanyakan dengan membaca kalimat dimana pronoun yang
dimaksud tersebut berada.
2) Perhatikan apakah pronoun tersebut dalam bentuk plural atau singular.
3) Gunakan rumus mundur untuk pencarian jawaban dengan merujuk pada nomor
baris yang ditunjuk dalam soal.
43. Carnivorous plants, such as the sundew and the Venus flytrap, are
generally found in humid area where there is an inadequate supply of
nitrogen and the soil. In order to survive, these plants have developed
mechanisms to trap insects within their foliage. They have digestive fluids
to obtain the necessary nitrogen from the insects. These plants trap the
insects in a variety of leaves, it gets caught up on the sticky hairs, and the
leaf wraps itself around the insect. The leaves of the Venus flytrap function
more like a trap, snapping suddenly and forcefully shut around an insect.
The pronoun “they” in line 4 refers to _________
(A) humid areas (C) insects
(B) these plants (D) digestive fluids
B
EXAMPLE OF PRONOUN REFERENTS