Ppt on development
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The document discusses the history of economic development in India from ancient Indus Valley civilizations to modern times. It defines key economic terms and describes methods of measuring national development such as per capita income. It also compares India's development to neighboring countries based on factors like life expectancy, literacy rates, and HDI rankings. Sustainable development is defined as managing resources in a way that benefits both current and future generations through sustained increases in wealth and living standards while reducing pollution.
Ppt on development
- 1. INTRODUCTION OF DEVELOPMENT Made By :- Devesh Prajapati PGT Eco
- 2. HISTORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA Indus Valley civilisation, the first known permanent and predominantly urban settlement that flourished between 3500 BC to 1800 BC boasted of an advanced and thriving economic system. Its citizens practised agriculture, domesticated animals, made sharp tools and weapons from copper, bronze and tin and traded with other cities.Evidence of well laid streets, layouts, drainage system and water supply in the valley's major cities, Harappa, Lothal, Mohenjo-daro and Rakhigarhi reveals their knowledge of urban planning . One of the theories about their end is that they eventually overused their resources, and slowly died out. Another theory is that invaders overran their civilisation.RV 6.27.5: At Hariyupiyah (Harappa) he (Indrah) smote the vanguard of the Vrcivans, and the rear fled frightened."
- 3. HISTORY OF ECONOMICS •Adam smith was a father of economics And there are many more economist ,who participated in this field like karl max,J.B Say, J.M Keynes,David Ricardo and so on.
- 4. DEFINITION OF ECONOMICS It is derived form two greek words :- Okios – a household Nemein ( nomos)- Management Economics means ‘Home Management’. The head of a family faces the problem of managing the unlimited wants of the family members within the limited income of the family. In fact, the same is true for a society also. If we consider the whole society as a ‘family’, then the society also faces the problem of tackling unlimited wants of the members of the society with the limited resources available in that society
- 5. MEANING OF DEVELOPMENT A branch of economics that focuses on improving the economies of developing countries. Development economics considers how to promote economic growth in such countries by improving factors like health, education, working conditions, domestic and international policies and market conditions. It examines both macroeconomic and microeconomic factors relating to the structure of a developing economy and how that economy can create effective domestic and international growth.
- 6. DEVELOPMENT GOALS OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF PERSONS A. Landless Rural labourers B. Rich person 1. More days or work 2. Better wages 3. Economic and social equality 1) Higher family income 2) Better education to their children 3) To settle their children in abroad Category of Persons Development goals /Aspiration
- 7. METHOD OF MEASURING NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT National income –it refers to the market values of all good and services which produce in financial year within the country Average income / per capita income – it’s the ratio of total national income of a country with respect to total population PCI = Total income Total population
- 8. NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT In the process of national development ,a heavy industry is set up Or we can say that it’s a all round development of nation Like – education, health,and national income
- 9. WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT World bank has used the criterion of per capita income for classifying into high income and low- income countries . Acc to the 2006 WDR:- a) $10066 per annum and above in 2004 are called rich countries . b) countries with a PCI of 825 $ or less per annum in 2004 c) In the year 2004, india`s PCI was a mere $620 per annum
- 10. LIMITATION OF PCI COMPARISON OF TWO COUNTRIES country Monthly Income of citizen In 2007 ( in Rupees) I II III IV V PCI Country X 8500 9500 8800 9000 9200 9000 Country Y 500 500 500 500 43000 9000
- 11. DIAGRAM 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 I II III IV V PCI Country Y no of person country X no of person
- 12. INCOME AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HDR published by UNDP compares countries based on educational level of the people their health status and PCI Human development indicators I. Infant mortality rate:- it indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 lives II. Literacy rate:- it measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group. III. Net Attendence ratio:- it is the total number of children of age group 6-10 attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group. IV. Sex ratio:-it is the total number of female per thousand of males.
- 13. COMPARISON OF INDIA WITH ITS NEIGHBOURS AND ONE DEVELOPMENT ON THE BASIS OF INCOME AND OTHER CRITERIA Country PCI IN US $ Life Expectancy at birth Literacy rate Gross enrolment ratio for all level HDI Rank Norway 38550 80 ------- 97 1 China 5530 71 91 73 81 Sri lanka 4390 74 91 69 93 India 3139 64 61 60 126 Pakistan 2225 63 50 35 134
- 14. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Meaning –the word sustainable means something which is not short lived but can continue in future also. Acc to Robert Repetto,” sustainable development is a development strategy that manages all natural resources and human resources as well as financial and physical assests for increasing long term wealth and well being .”
- 15. OBJECTIVE OR FEATURES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Sustained rise in th real PCI and quality of life Reduction in pollution Rational use of natural resources To fulfils the requirements of future generations
- 16. MCQ Q1:-which one of the following determines the development of a country ? a) Average literacy rate b) PCI c) Health status of its people d) All of these
- 17. Q2 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATES IN INDIA HAVE HIGH PCI? a) Punjab b) Kerala c) Bihar d) orissa Q3 Average income = a) Population X NI b) NI + population c) Population Development d) National income Population
- 18. The end