Pranavi verma 9a-9125-sst ppt

Pranavi verma 9a-9125-sst ppt

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  TOPICS • Meaning • Causes •Elements at risk • Effects of disaster • Mitigation strategies • Related Pictures • Case study
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  Meaning • Drought isdefined as a period in which a region has a deficit in its water supply whether surface or underground water. It can last for months or years, or even days. • a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
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  Classification • Physical aspectsalso used to classify drought. They clubbed into three major groups: – Meteorological drought : When there is more than 25 per cent decrease (from normal) in rainfall in any area. – Agricultural drought: When crops are affected due to moisture stress and lack of rainfall. – Hydrological drought: When recurring meteorological droughts result in decrease in surface water and groundwater levels.
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  Causes Droughts in theIndian sub continent are mainly due to failure of rainfall from southwest monsoon. The root cause for failure of monsoon rainfall is cued to the widespread, persistent atmospheric subsidence, which results from the general circulation of the atmosphere. Land and water temperatures cause drought. ... • Air circulation and weather patterns also cause drought. ... • Soil moisture levels also contribute to drought. ... • Drought can also be a supply and demand of water issue. • Drought Situation in Rajasthan Widespread drought has given a tough time to Rajasthan in 2002. Failure of monsoon saw all the 32 districts of the state reeling under drought causing severe shortage of food, fodder, drinking water and employment opportunities. Almost all districts are suffering from sharp depletion of ground water. This year seems to be an extremely bad year for farmers, already hit by drought in the previous couple of years. With little output in kharif season, now the rabi crop is being adversely affected due to non- congenial temperature this winter. If the condition does not change in the coming months, rabi production may fall by 60 percent.
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  Elements at riskduring drought 1. There is increasing concern worldwide about the ineffectiveness of current route management practices that are largely based on crisis management these practices are reactive and therefore only treat the symptoms of dry out rather than the underlying causes for the vulnerabilities associated with the impacts through the adoption of national draught policies that are focused on risk reduction and complemented by drought mitigation or preparedness plants at various levels of government the coping capacity of nations to manage doubts can be improved. The time for adopting an approach that emphasizes trout risk reduction is now given the spiralling impacts of drugs in an ever increasing number of sectors and the current and projected trends for the increased frequency severity and duration of drought events in association with the changing climate. 2. Drought is a environmental condition of long period of low rainfall causes shortage of water in certain territory. different animals of the environment of the ecosystem are at several risk during the drought period. the risks are dryness of harvesting soil vaporization or complete extinction of the rain fed rivers ponds etc. Due to the lack of water in soil plants can also die animals and birds can also die due to water thirst.
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  Effects of Disaster •Drought affect food production and human society. Drought can have serious health, social, economic, and political impacts with far-reaching consequences. • Water is one of the most essential commodities for human survival, second only to breathable air. When there is a drought—which by definition means having too little water to meet current demands—conditions can become difficult or dangerous very quickly. • Drought often creates a lack of clean water for drinking, public sanitation and personal hygiene, which can lead to a wide range of life-threatening diseases. The problem of water access is critical: every year, millions are sickened or die due to lack of clean water access and sanitation, and droughts only make the problem worse. The low moisture and precipitation that often characterize droughts can quickly create hazardous conditions in forests and across rangelands, setting the stage for wildfires that may cause injuries or deaths as well as extensive damage to property and already shrinking food supplies. In addition, even plants generally adapted to dry conditions will drop needles and leaves during a drought, contributing to a layer of dead vegetation on the ground. This dry duff then becomes a dangerous fuel for damaging wildfires. Wild plants and animals suffer from droughts, even if they have some adaptations to dry conditions. In grasslands, sustained lack of rain decreases forage production, affecting herbivores, grain-eating birds, and indirectly, predators and scavengers. Droughts will lead to increased mortality and reduced reproduction, which is especially problematic for populations of at- risk species whose numbers are already very low.Drought will reduce the amount of water stored in reservoirs behind dams, reducing the amount of power produced. Thus, Drought and drought impacts are really two sides of the same coin. We cannot fully understand drought without also understanding its impacts, which can affect all parts of our environment and our communities. Understanding drought conditions, societal vulnerability, and their related effects on one another provide us with historical lessons that can aid in dealing with future drought conditions.
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  Mitigation Strategies • Droughtmitigation, preparedness and response comprise the appropriate measures and actions aimed at reducing the vulnerability to drought and reducing the impacts of droughts. The goal of the pillar on drought mitigation, preparedness and response is to determine appropriate mitigation and response actions aimed at risk reduction, the identification of appropriate triggers to phase in and phase out mitigation actions, particularly short-term actions, during drought onset and termination and, finally, to identify agencies or ministries or organizations to develop and implement mitigation actions. Agriculture • water loss reduction. • irrigation scheme modernization/conversion to more efficient systems. • shift to less water-demanding crops and cropping systems. • research of drought tolerant crops/species/genotypes. • adjusting cropping calendars to avoid heat stress. • use of non-conventional water resources.
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  Related Pictures
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  Case Study -Drought Situation in Rajasthan • The Rajasthan government has issued a notification declaring 1,388 villages of 13 tehsils in Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Hanumangarh districts drought-affected, an official statement said on Monday. • A total of 131 villages in Barmer district have been declared "severely drought-affected" and 92 villages as "moderately drought-affected". In Jaisalmer, 632 villages have been declared "severe" and 40 villages "moderately drought-affected". • Similarly, 13 villages in Jodhpur district are "severe" and 297 villages are "moderately drought-prone". A total of 182 villages in Hanumangarh district are "severely drought-affected" and one village is "moderately drought-affected", as per the notification.
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  • The provisionsregarding the declaration of drought in these affected villages will remain in force for six months from the date of the notification. • The state government, in another decision, approved a proposal to establish the District Legal Services Authority, Jaipur Mahanagar-II, and created 10 new posts. The creation of these posts will incur a financial burden of about Rs 1.50 crores per annum.
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  How come theland is all cracked up?