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Presentation about romantic era or age.
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- 3. Introduction This periodfrom (1785_1832) is known as the age of romanticism or age of Wordsworth. duration between 1785 to 1832 is known as romantic period. This period is considered one of the most creative periods in the history of English literature. It brought intense change in the production of literature especially in poetry field Romanticism moved away from an emphasis on the importance of an empirical, materilal worldview and looked to the imagination and nature as sources of insight.
- 4. continued Writers expresseda great reverence for nature and believed that intuition, emotion, and imagination were more instructive than empiricism and reason. The Romantic Period overthrew the values instilled during the Augustan Age and strove to sever itself from the rigid writing styles of the ancient, classical examples of Virgil, Horace, and Homer. Instead, poets and authors were inspired to write in their own individual and creative voices.
- 5. Definition of theof the term “Romanticism” Victor Hugo says: - “Romanticism” is the opposite not of classical but of realism in literature. George say: - “Romanticism emphasizes on emotion rather than reason the heart opposed to head”. Jean Jacques Rousseau says: - (Known as Father of Romanticism) “Romanticism” is meaning the return to nature. Grierson says: - “in Romanticism the spirit counts more than form.”
- 6. Characteristics of theage Emphasis on Emotion and Individualism: Romantics celebrated individualism, emotional expression, and the unique experiences of the individual. They valued subjective feelings, intuition, and imagination over reason and rationality. Love for Nature: Romantics had a profound appreciation for nature, seeing it as a source of inspiration, beauty, and spiritual renewal. Nature was often depicted as a powerful, sublime force that evoked awe and wonder. Rebellion Against Industrialization: Many Romantics criticized the negative effects of industrialization, urbanization, and scientific advancement. They mourned the loss of rural life, simplicity, and traditional values in the face of technological progress. Interest in the Supernatural and the Unknown: Romantic literature often explored the supernatural, gothic themes, and the mysterious.
- 7. Celebration ofthe Exotic and the Past: Romantics were intrigued by distant lands, exotic cultures, and the medieval era. They often idealized the past, viewing it as a time of greater authenticity, heroism, and adventure. Prominence of Imagination and Creativity: Artists, writers, and composers championed creativity and the power of the human imagination. This led to innovative and experimental works that challenged conventional artistic norms. Nationalism and Political Idealism: Romanticism coincided with the rise of nationalism, with many artists and intellectuals expressing pride in their cultural heritage and supporting political movements for independence and social change.
- 8. Promotion ofthe Sublime and the Beautiful: Romantics were interested in evoking intense emotional experiences in their audiences. They explored the concept of the sublime - experiences that were both beautiful and awe- inspiring, often invoking feelings of fear and wonder. Expansion of Literary Forms: The Romantic period saw the diversification of literary forms. There was a resurgence of poetry as the primary mode of expression, the rise of the novel as a popular literary form, and the exploration of new literary genres and styles. Emphasis on the Inner World: Romantics focused on the inner thoughts, emotions, and experiences of individuals. They delved into the complexities of human psychology, emphasizing personal expression and introspection.
- 9. Age of Poetry: The Romantic age is basically an age of poetry. The previous century the Neo-classical age was largely the age of prose. While during the age of Romanticism the young writer turn to poetry as a happy man o singing. The glory of this age can be found in the poetry of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Keats and Shelly. Romantic poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling. The Romantic poet is gifted with a strong “Organic Sensibility”.
- 10. Subjectivity Subjectivity isanother important feature of the Romantic poets. Subjective poetry is a kind of poetry in which the poet goes into himself and finds his inspiration from his own experiences, thoughts and feelings. Most of the Romantic poets are subject in this sense. For example, Keats’s “Ode to the Nightingale” is basically based on personal matter. Subjectivity began to have its full play in the poetry of this age
- 11. Women as novelist For the first time woman took importance role in contribution to the English literature. This age was highly emotion as the woman are more emotional. This spirit of this age gave then the opportunity to expressed themselves in literature. One of the first important woman writers is Mrs. Anne her novels become very popular and impress.
- 12. Sympathy for poor Romantic age was marked by human sympathy and by understanding of the human heart. The Romantic poets unlocked their emotion and feeling and reflected their sympathetic nature certain common subject like a beggar, a farmer, a shepherded are create in the poetry of Romantic poets.
- 13. Return to nature This is one of the important characteristics of the Romantic Age. We can also say that the whole age is marked by this characteristic. During this age the writer used the elements of nature to satire on the society. Romanticism reflects the nature. Nature is which we see around us like trees, plants, birds, animals, and sea etc, and also the nature of Men. Through using the elements of nature, the writers of this time tried to talk about the nature of human beings. Wordsworth’s poem ‘Daffodils’ is the best example
- 14. Major writers andtheir works William Wordsworth (1770–1850) Lord Byron (1778–1824) John Keats (1795–1821) P.B. Shelley (1792–1822) William black St Coleridge Jane austen William hazlitt
- 15. William Wordsworth The poet William Wordsworth was born on April 7, 1770, in Cockermouth, a remote town in the lowlands of northern England. He is known as “Poet of Nature,” “Worshiper of Nature,” “The Lake Poet.” The French Revolution inspired him. He became the poet of Laureate in England.” In nature, the great Creator exists,” his belief is known as Pantheism William Wordsworth was the brightest star of the age of the Romantic Period. This poet died in 1850. His Well-known Works: · Lyrical Ballads · The Daffodils · The Solitary Reaper · The Excursion · The Prelude
- 16. Samuel TaylorColeridge Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born in 1772. He was an extraordinary child who read the Bible and Arabian Nights before he was five. He was an influential writer, poet, literary critic, and philosopher of the age of the Romantic Period. He was a founder of his friend William Wordsworth of the Romantic Movement in England. He was called “Opium Eater,” “The Poet of Super-naturalism.” This poet died in 1834. His Well-known Works: · Lyrical ballads · The Rime of the Ancient Mariner · Christabel · up Khan · Dejection: An Ode
- 17. Lord Byron George Gordon Byron was a British poet and one of the leading figures in the Romantic movement. The poet was born in 1788 in London, the year preceding the French Revolution. He was called the Rebel poet in England. He was also an influential poet of the age of the Romantic Period. He published his first work “Hours of Idleness (Juvenilia)” at the age of 19 when he was reading Cambridge University. He fought on behalf of the Greeks in their Liberation War. This poet contracted fever at the age of 36 and died in 1824. His Well-known Works: · Don Juan · Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage · She Walks in Beauty · Hours of Idleness · Heaven and Earth
- 18. John Keats John Keats was not only the last but also the most perfect of the Romanticists. He was most young among the Romantic poets. The famous poet of English literature was born in 1795 in Mubfields, London. He was called “Poet of Beauty” “Poet of Sensuousness.” He was most famous for his sense of beauty and professionally known as a man of medicine. This poet died at the age of 26 of Tuberculosis in 1821. His Well-known Works: · Ode to a Nightingale · Ode to Psyche · Odeon Melancholy · Ode to Autumn · Isabella · Lamia
- 19. Percy ByssheShelly Percy Bysshe Shelly was one of the major English Romantic poets and is critically regarded as among the finest lyric poets in the English language. The famous English poet was born in 1792 in Fieldplace, near Sussex, England. He was an Optimistic & Pessimistic poet. This great poet died in 1822 when he was caught in a storm while traveling by boat on the beach. His Well-known Works: · Ode to a Skylark · Ode to the West Wind · Adonais · Queen Mab · The Necessity Atheism · A Defense of Poetry · Prometheus Unbound
- 20. Romantics and theirideas of transcendence: The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was a transformation for Britain in the 18th century. In terms of economic growth and technological advances, England was the first country to become industrialized. Machines were changing the agricultural economy of the past that relied on manual labor to this new industrial economy. It led to larger cities, new products, and a better manufacturing process. The growing population, and consequently the growing literacy rate, would also prove to create a huge change in communication as well as politics, technology, religion and society in general
- 21. The French Revolution Beginning in 1789 and ending in 1799 the French Revolution played a crucial role in transforming the political and social systems in France. During the revolution, France changed from a monarchy to a republic of free citizens. This Drastic move not only changed the political and social systems, but it also has a huge impact on the literary world. Writers like William Blake saw the revolution as society falling back into perfection where people could express their own opinions
- 22. The Enclosure Acts Between 1760-1820, agricultural land in Britain was consolidated and made more compact. “Wasteful” land was then taken from Lords and villagers in order to increase the efficiency of farming, to increase the productivity of the land, and ultimately to increase profits. These Enclosure Acts had many effects on English society, including many Romantic writers
- 23. Cultural and LiteraryContexts Transitions from Augustan Literature to the Romantics Aeolian Harps and the Romantics The Romantics and the Sonnet The Coleridge-Wordsworth Friendship Political Unrest and Social Reform
- 24. conclusion The Romanticperiod stands as a pivotal chapter in human artistic, intellectual, and cultural evolution, leaving an indelible mark on history that continues to influence and inspire. Its legacy is a testament to the profound shift in perspective from the rational and empirical ideals of the Enlightenment towards a celebration of emotion, individuality, and the mysteries of existence. During this era, artists, writers, musicians, and thinkers dared to explore the depths of human experience, finding beauty in nature, passion in emotion, and strength in individuality. They rejected the constraints of conventionality, valuing intuition, imagination, and subjective perception above the confines of reason and societal norms. The Romantics found solace and inspiration in the natural world, portraying it as a source of wonder, spirituality, and artistic inspiration. Their yearning for authenticity and simplicity stemmed from a reaction against the rapid industrialization and urbanization that threatened to erode traditional values and disconnect humanity from the rhythms of nature.
- 25. continued Moreover, theRomantic period was not merely an artistic movement; it was a cultural and philosophical awakening. It heralded a renewed interest in folklore, the supernatural, and the medieval past, while also fueling nationalist sentiments and advocating for political change and individual freedoms. The diverse expressions of Romanticism - whether in literature, art, music, or philosophy - were united by a profound exploration of the human condition. It celebrated the sublime, the mysterious, and the inner workings of the human psyche, prompting a deep introspection into the complexities of existence.
- 26. Although theRomantic period eventually gave way to new artistic movements and ideologies, its enduring impact cannot be overstated. Its emphasis on emotion, imagination, and individuality paved the way for artistic experimentation, creative freedom, and the pursuit of authenticity in subsequent eras. In essence, the Romantic period serves as a timeless reminder of the power of human expression, the beauty of the natural world, and the enduring quest to understand the depths of our own existence - leaving an invaluable legacy that continues to resonate with and inspire generations.
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