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Presentation on constitution of India.pptx
- 1. CONSTITUTION OF INDIA Presented by proff K.Srinivas
- 2. Forming of Indian constitution • The constituent assembly set up 13 committees for forming the constitution.on the basis of the reports of these committees,a draft of the constitution was prepared by a seven member.Drafting committee under the chairmanship of Dr. B R Ambedkar • for the efficienct and effective conduct of its business the assembly appointed several committees,out of which drafting committee chaired by Dr.Ambedkar undertook the task of drafting the constitution and steering it through the assembly for its adoption on 26th November 1949. A few of the provisions of the constitution came into effect on that day , while the rest of the constitution came to effect on 26th January 1950 which is also specified as the day of commencement of the constitution.
- 3. OBJECTIVES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION • Sovereignty • Socialism • Secularism • Democracy • Republic • Justice • Liberty • Equality • Faternity • Unity and integrity of the nation • Fundamental duties
- 4. FEATURES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION • Lengthiest written constitution • Drawn from various sources. • Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility • Federal system with unitary base • Parliamentary form of government • Synthesis of parliamentary Sovereignty and judicial supremacy • Rule of law • Fundamental rights • Directive principles of state policy
- 5. Fundamental Duties • Indian secularism • Universal adult franchise • Single citizenship • Emergency provisions • Co-operative societies.
- 6. PREAMBLE OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION • Preamble is an introductory statement, containing the aims and objectives of the constitution. Ac cordingly, the preamble to the Indian constitution spells out the basic philosophy contained in the body of the Indian Constitution. The preamble is as follows: • "We the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and to secure to all its citizens JUSTICE; social, economic and political, LIBERTY; of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship. • EQUALITY of status and of opportunity and to promote among all its citizens; • FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation. • In our Constituent Assembly with effect them twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do hereby adopt, enact and give to ourselves this Constitution."
- 7. Fundamental rights and Fundamental Duties • Fundamental Rights fulfill some basic and essential conditions of good life for human progress. These are fundamental in the sense that in the absence of these rights, citizens cannot develop their personality and their own self. • These rights are not the same as ordinary rights of citizen. Fundamental Rights are enshrined in the Constitution. These are constitutionally protected and guaranteed to the citizens while ordinary rights are protected by the ordinary law of the country. • Fundamental Rights are inviolable in ordinary situation. Only under reasonable circumstances, these rights are suspended tem porarily. Right to Life, Freedom of Speech and Expression, Right to Equality, Right to Religion, Right to Personal Liberty, Right to Education are some important Fundamental Rights of Indian citizen.
- 8. Features of Fundamental Rights • The various features of Fundamental Rights are as follows: • Fundamental Rights are an indispensable part of our Constitution. Twenty-four articles are enioinas with these Fundamental Rights. Parliament can amend Fundamental Rights by a special procedure • Fundamental Rights are only for Indian citizens. No alien is permitted to enjoy these rights excent ) right to life, liberty and personal property. • Fundamental Rights are not absolute. Therefore within some reasonable restrictions citizens can enjoy them. Fundamental Rights without prescribed conditions may disrupt public order. N) • Fundamental Rights are suspend able during the time of emergency and rights of the citizen are curtailed temporarily except right to life and personal liberty (article-20-21) • Fundamental Rights are justifiable also. A citizen can go to the court for enforcement of his Fundamental Rights if someone violates them. Under Article 32 and Article 226 of the Indian Constitution, a citizen can approach the Supreme Court and High Court respectively in this regard. • Fundamental Rights are amendable also. Parliament can amend these rights by a special procedure. Vi) • Some Fundamental Rights are positive while some others are negative in nature. • Fundamental Rights aim at restoring collective interest along with individual interest. • Fundamental Rights are superior to ordinary law of the land. They are conferred a special sanctity. • Some Fundamental Rights are limited to citizens only, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and cultural and educational rights, but other rights like equality before the law, religious freedom etc. are available to both citizens and aliens