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Presentation on Disaster Management process in Nepal
- 1. Presentation on Disaster Managementprocess in Nepal. Presented by Md. Ariful Hasan ESRM 11th Batch Mawlana Bhashani Science & Technology University
- 2. Study Outline • Briefdescription of Nepal. • Disaster Scenario • National action plan on disaster management in Nepal • Organizational Structure for Disaster Management • Major Challenges • Measures to Solve the Problems
- 3. Welcome to Nepal •Democratic Republic of Nepal • It is a landlocked sovereign country located in South Asia. It has an area of 147,181 square kilometres and a population of approximately 2.7 crores (27 million). • It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People’s Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. • Kathmandu is the capital of the country and the most populous city of the country.
- 4. Disaster Scenario Landslide: Landslide isone of the very common natural hazards in the hilly region of Nepal. causes • steep slopes, fragile geology, high intensity of rainfall, deforestation, unplanned human settlements
- 5. flood, and debrisflow: causes • More than 6000 rivers and streams in Nepal. • Most of them flow from the north towards the south, generally with high velocity due to high river gradient. • Most of the big rivers are snow fed that are covered by perpetual snow. • As the topography of the country is steep, rugged and high-angle slope with complex geology, very high intensity of rainfall during the monsoon season Disaster Scenario (con..)
- 6. Fire Fire disaster occursmainly in the dry season between April to June. During this season the temperature in the Tarai region rises above 35° Celsius and it rains seldom. Fire disaster takes place mostly in the rural areas of the Tarai and the middle Hill region of Nepal. As 90.8 percent of the total population live in the rural areas in a very poor housing condition fire hazards are common. Avalanche Avalanches are a rapid movement of snow and debris flowing down through the slope or flanks of mountains. It can be triggered by natural factors like slopes, thickness of snow or human activity. They have the capacity to carry massive masses of snow and debris. Disaster Scenario (con..)
- 7. Earthquake Nepal is mostsusceptible to earthquakes as a consequence of the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurassian Plate. Disaster Scenario (con..)
- 8. Drought Drought is thefrequently happening hazard in Nepal. This is mainly caused by uneven and irregular low monsoon rainfall. Some parts of Terai, mid-land and Trans-Himalayan belts of Nepal are prone to drought. Windstorm, Thunderbolt and Hailstorm Windstorm occur mainly during the dry season between March to May. Thunderbolt occurs during the monsoon and hailstorm takes place during the beginning and end of the monsoon. Hailstorm causes heavy losses of agricultural crops though human life loss is seldom. Disaster Scenario (con..)
- 9. National action planon disaster management in Nepal Consists of four main plans on: (a)disaster preparedness , (b)disaster response (c)disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation action (d)disaster mitigation. Disaster preparedness Actions: • Adopt national policy and planning for making institutional arrangement, poverty and legal framework. • Assessment of geological, hydrological and meteorological hazard and environmental studies. • strengthening fire fighting capabilities in fire prone areas. • Build awareness raising, training, rehearsal, simulation activities. • establishment of disaster management information system and stock piling of emergency supply materials
- 10. Disaster response • Evacuation,search and rescue. • Communication and transportation • Temporary settlement • Health, Nutrition and sanitation Disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation action This action plan calls for the developments of standard damage assessment for all type of natural disaster with for mitigation of permanent damage
- 11. disaster mitigation. • Risk assessmentfor development planning • Policies on role of NGOs, local community. • Incorporation of disaster reduction in development planning • Establishment of documentation center for reduction activities
- 12. Organizational Structure for DisasterManagement disaster operations in Nepal fall under the Natural Calamity Relief Act of 1982. The Relief Act also established the the Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee (CNDRC).
- 13. Functions and Dutiesof the Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee • To formulate the national policy regarding the relief work including the rehabilitation of the victims of natural disaster • To keep the money, food stuff, clothes, medicines, construction materials and other goods received within the Kingdom of Nepal • to send such goods as required for relief work in disaster area • To form groups and send them to disaster area to assist in natural disaster relief work, • To give direction to the district committee and Local Committee on the matters relating to relief work, • To submit progress report of work
- 14. Functions and Dutiesof the Regional Natural Disaster Relief Committee • To give necessary suggestions to the Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee regarding the formulation of regional level policy on natural disaster relief work • To coordinate or cause to be coordinated between District Committees regarding natural disaster relief work • To provide information to the Central Committee about natural disaster relief work from time to time • To work in accordance with the directives of the Central Committee.
- 15. Functions and Dutiesof the District Natural Disaster Relief Committee • To coordinate or cause to be coordinated between Local Committees regarding natural disaster relief work, • To formulate district level plans on natural disaster relief work and submit such plans to the Regional Committee, • To monitor the natural disaster relief work being conducted by the Local Committees and to support the on going work, • To provide information to the Regional Committee about natural disaster relief work from time to time, • To work in accordance with the directives of the Central and Regional Committees.
- 16. Functions and Dutiesof the Local Natural Disaster Relief Committee • To prepare detailed description of the loss caused by natural disaster and to submit to the District Committee • To organize volunteer's teams according to need and conduct or cause to be conducted the relief work, • To make necessary arrangements to take the injured in the natural disaster to the nearest hospitals and health posts as soon as possible, • To make arrangements for the evacuation of the victims of Natural Disaster to a safe place, • To systematically distribute the cash and kind received in assistance from District Committee and local resources to the families of the victims of natural disaster, • To conduct an awareness program as a precaution for the prevention and control of the possible events of the natural disaster, • To hand over the goods and cash balance and the accounts thereof to the District Committee upon completion of natural disaster relief work.
- 18. Major Challenges • Gapin coordination within the stakeholders • Gap in clear communication and information dissemination (e.g. confusion in one door system, data management) • Transfer of key government staff during emergency • Lack of proper preparedness for emergency response
- 19. • Lack oftrained resource person to conduct Initial Rapid Assessment -IRA/Multi Cluster Initial Rapid Assessment-MIRA/Cluster Specific Detailed Assessment-CSDAand analysis software • Lack of trained human resource in humanitarian response • Access to market and functionality • Increase of price of relief materials. Major Challenges (con..)
- 20. Measures to Solvethe Problems • public awareness • increasing the literacy rate • also necessary to train people • improve road infrastructure, transportation and communication facilities • establish mutual understanding and frequent dialogue between the focal persons. • Establish Laws and policies.
- 21.
Editor's Notes
- #5 Nepal is located in the central of the Himalaya range, Nepal is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world due to its rugged and fragile geophysical structure, very high peaks, high angle of slopes, complex geology, variable climatic conditions, active tectonic processes, unplanned settlement, increasing population, weak economic condition and low literacy rate. Earthquakes, landslides, floods, fire, thunderbolts are the major causes of disaster events that caused major damaged in the past, weakening the fragile ecosystem of the country. Both natural and human factors such as
- #8 major active faults in east-west alignment
- #9 The lack of irrigation facilities further exacerbates the effect of drought causing enormous loss of crops production leading to the shortage and insecurity food. Windstorm and thunderbolt causes the loss of human life as well as physical property.
- #13 disaster operations in Nepal fall under the Natural Calamity Relief Act of 1982. The Relief Act also established the the Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee (CNDRC). The CNDRC is responsible for preparing national compliance on preparedness, response and recovery, and ensuring their implementation stockpiling relief and rescue materials; collecting and disseminating relief materials and funds during emergency operations; and, providing direction to the district and local committees