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Presentation on wto & india
The document provides an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its relevance to India. It discusses that the WTO was formed in 1995 to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The objectives of the WTO include promoting multilateral trade and reducing barriers to free trade. India is a founding member of the WTO and the organization's rules have impacted India's agriculture, services, and intellectual property sectors. The document also outlines some of the key WTO agreements such as GATT, GATS, TRIPS, and provisions related to market access, domestic support, and export subsidies in agriculture.
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Presentation on wto & india
- 1. PRESENTATION ON WTO SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO : PREETI GULATI MRS DIMPLE MALHOTRA
- 2. I INTRODUCTION OF WTO & INDIA • WTO was formed on 1st jan,1995. • It took over GATT (General agreement on tariffs & trade). In 8th round of GATT, popularly known as Uruguay Round, member nations of GATT decided to set up a new organization, ‘World Trade Organization’ in place of GATT.
- 3. •A Forum wheremember countries met from time to time to discuss & solve world trade problems . •It Enjoys identical legal status , privileges , Immunities that the world bank & IMF get .
- 4. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION •World Trade Organization • The WTO was born out of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). • Headquarters : Geneva, Switzerland • Formation : 1 January 1995 • Membership : 153 member countries • Budget : 163 million USD (Approx).
- 5. WTO Vs GATT GATT WTO • It was ad hoc & provisional.• It is permanent. • It has legal basis because • It had no provision for member nations have creating an organization. verified the WTO agreements. • It allowed contradictions • More authority than GATT. in local law & GATT agreements. • It doesn't allow any contradictions in local law .
- 6. OBJECTIVES OF WTO The primary aim of WTO is to implement the new world trade agreement. To promote multilateral trade . To promote free trade by abolishing tariff & non-tariff barriers. To enhance competitiveness among all trading partners so as to benefit consumers. To increase the level of production & productivity with a view to increase the level of employment in the world. To expand & utilise world resources in the most optimum manner. To improve the level of living for the global population & speed up economic development of the member nations. To take special steps for the development of poorest nations.
- 7. • India isone of the founder members of WTO. • WTO is an international trade organization having set of rules & principles, mutually designed & agreed upon to promote international trade in general & reduction of tariffs barriers & removal of import restrictions in particular.
- 8. Functions oF Wto •Implementing WTO agreements & administering the international trade. • Cooperating with IMF & World Bank & its associates for establishing coordination in Global Trade Policy-Making. • Settling trade related disputes among member nations with the help of its Dispute Settlement • Reviewing trade related economic policies of member countries with help of its Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB). • Providing technical assistance & guidance related to management of foreign trade & fiscal policy to its member nations. • Acting as forum for trade liberalisation.
- 9. Scope of WTO •Trade in Goods. • Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs). • Trade Related Investments Measures (TRIMs). • General Agreement on Trade in Services. (GATS).
- 10. Argument in Favourof WTO Increase in foreign trade. Increase in agricultural exports. Increase in inflow of foreign investment. Improvement in services. Benefits for clothing & textile industry. Inflow of better technology & better quality products.
- 11. O ts T en W m e e g r A
- 12. GATT It all beganwith trade in goods. From 1947 to 1994, GATT was the forum for negotiating lower customs duty rates and other trade barriers; the text of the General Agreement spelt out important rules, particularly non-discrimination. Since 1995, the updated GATT has become the WTO’s umbrella agreement for trade in goods. It has annexes dealing with specific sectors such as agriculture and textiles, and with specific issues such as state trading, product standards, subsidies and actions taken against dumping.
- 13. GATS Banks, insurance firms,telecommunications companies, tour operators, hotel chains and transport companies looking to do business abroad can now enjoy the same principles of freer and fairer trade that originally only applied to trade in goods. These principles appear in the new General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). WTO members have also made individual commitments under GATS stating which of their services sectors they are willing to open to foreign competition, and how open those markets are.
- 14. TRIPs The WTO’s intellectualproperty agreement amounts to rules for trade and investment in ideas and creativity. The rules state how copyrights, patents, trademarks, geographical names used to identify products, industrial designs, integrated circuit layout-designs and undisclosed information such as trade secrets — “intellectual property” — should be protected when trade is involved. In Nutshell , the TRIPs Agreement covers 7 categories of intellectual property .
- 15. Dispute settlement System The WTO’s procedure for resolving trade quarrels under the Dispute Settlement Understanding is vital for enforcing the rules and therefore for ensuring that trade flows smoothly. Countries bring disputes to the WTO if they think their rights under the agreements are being infringed. Judgements by specially- appointed independent experts are based on interpretations of the agreements and individual countries’ commitments.
- 16. TPRM The Trade PolicyReview Mechanism’s purpose is to improve transparency, to create a greater understanding of the policies that countries are adopting, and to assess their impact. Many members also see the reviews as constructive feedback on their policies. All WTO members must undergo periodic scrutiny, each review containing reports by the country concerned and the WTO Secretariat.
- 17. WTO AND INDIAN AGRICULTURE • Introduction. After over 7 years of negotiations the Uruguay Round multilateral trade negotiations were concluded on December 1993 and were formally ratified in April 1994 at Marrakesh, Morocco. • The WTO Agreement on Agriculture was one of the main agreements which were negotiated during the Uruguay Round.
- 18. • The WTOAgreement on Agriculture contains provisions in 3 broad areas of agriculture. 2.Market access. 3.Domestic support. 4.Export subsidies.
- 19. Market access. • Thisincludes tariffication, tariff reduction and access opportunities. • Tariffication means that all non- tariff barriers such as... 3. quotas. 4. variable levies. 5. minimum import prices. 6. discretionary licensing. 7. state trading measures.
- 20. DOMESTIC SUPPORT. •It measures that have a minimum impact on the trade also known as green box policies . It includes general government services like : As in the areas of research , disease control , infrastructure and food security . Also includes direct payements to producers in form of income support etc .
- 21. EXPORT SUBSIDIES. • TheAgreement contains provisions regarding members commitment to reduce Export Subsidies. • Developed countries are required to reduce their export subsidy expenditure by 36%. • For developing countries the percentage cuts are 24%.
- 22. Conclusion India, as adeveloping economy, has been benefitted being a founding member of the World trade Organization. The country at large has seen many significant changes which have taken place after the formation of WTO. There are some issues which are yet to be sorted out with the WTO and but by and large things are falling in shape for the Indian Economy.
- 23.