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Master Plan
• India has adopted it’s planning processes from the
British Legislation. The British Town Planning
Legislation has guided the process of master plans in
India.
• Traditional master plans have had the physical planning
approach translated into spatial plans, i.e. envisaging
spatial distribution of land uses for the cities in future.
• It is based on surveys and studies on the present status
and future growth prospects, which direct the physical
development of the city.
• However, in the last three decades master plan could
hardly achieve it’s target.

Master Plan (contd.)
• Planning process suffered from improper phasing of
development, lack of financial support and accountability,
as well as inadequate monitoring or evaluation.
• Scope is confined to broad proposals and allocation of land
for various uses, as it is prepared with the objective of
guiding physical development.
• Moreover, the plan is prepared envisioning development
over a period of 20-25 years, which is too long a period
considering the fast pace development in the recent times.
• The earliest Master Plans prepared were for cities like
Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta and Madras. over the years, the
growth of these cities has been largely governed by the
stipulations made in their master plans.

Master Plan (contd.)
• Traditional planning has neglected the social, political
and economic dynamics shaping the city and driving
change, as there were many actors and interests
involved, and the probability of conflicting interests.
• It’s legal bindings bring about an end in itself, while
planning is a continuous process.
• The plan is too rigid and the pace of change in Indian
cities quickly renders the plan obsolete.
• Master plan as a tool for development of cities have
been criticized for being restrictive and ineffective in
terms of process, content, implementation and
monitoring programs.

Development Plan
• It was the Bombay Town Planning Act, 1954 which
referred to the preparation of a Development Plan as a
broader entity than just a Master Plan.
• After intensive surveys and consultations, the
Development Plan for Greater Bombay was sanctioned
in 1964.
• This plan was detailed and effective but it precipitated
haphazard development on the periphery of Greater
Bombay. The need for a metropolitan region plan
accordingly surfaced where the boundaries of the
region had to be fixed on the degree of physical and
economic unity of an area.

Development Plan (contd.)
• Through the brief historic perspective, it may be noted that India
has come a long way from projects aimed at postponing decay to
Master Plans with boundaries limited to urban areas and then to
Comprehensive Development Plans for more than one contiguous
local authority.
• Such plans have been prepared for many cities and towns and are
being made available for all urban settlements with population over
20,000.
• It is a comprehensive plan of a local planning area covering the
whole area or part thereof, conceived within the framework of the
perspective plan providing medium term (5years) policies,
programmes and detailed proposals for socio economic and spatial
development of such area indicating the manner in which the use
of land and development therein shall be carried out.

• The basic purpose of Perspective Plan (in this case, the
master plan) is to provide policy framework for further
detailing and it serves as a guide for urban local authority in
preparation of the Development plan.
• It provides a background to the shorter term plans and
serves as a guide for urban local bodies in preparation of
the Development Plan.
• The components of the Perspective Plan re spatial and
economic developed policies, strategies and programs of
the local authority.
• The main function of the Perspective Plan is to be in the
line with government of India's objectives which are
detailed in the development plan.

• "A Master Plan is the long term perspective plan for guiding the
sustainable planned development of the city. This document lays
down the planning guidelines, policies, development code and
space requirements for various socio-economic activities
supporting the city population during the plan period. It is also the
basis for all infrastructure requirements.“ ( source: DDA website)
• Master plan is an incremental growth plan.
• A development plan is a medium term plan (generally 5 years)
prepared within the framework of the approved perspective plan,
providing to the people the comprehensive proposals for socioeconomic and spatial development of the urban settlement
indicating the manner in which the use of the land and
development therein shall be carried out by the local authority and
other agencies.

Types of Development Plans

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Based on the scope of coverage, the
development plan can be categorised as:
Comprehensive Development Plan
Zonal Development Plan
Regional Development Plan
Sub-regional Plan
Local area Development Plan
Development Plan for areas outside urban limits.

1. Comprehensive Development Plan is one such effort
anchored on the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban
Renewal Mission, which aims at creating economically
productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities.
• A CDP is both a perspective as well as a vision
document for future development of city. It defines the
potential of the city and reflects its unique attributes in
terms of comparative and competitive advantages,
values and preferences of the city's residence.
• It thus is a detailed strategic document, which is done
in consultation among the key stakeholders.

• The CDP also provides a city investment plan in
lines of estimate of the level of investment.
• The preparation of CDP is done keeping in mind
the pattern of population growth and its special
spread within the city together with its economic
base.
• The CDP includes the key sectors that drive the
city's economy.
• An integral focus of the CDP is a detailed
infrastructure profile of the city.

• It measures the gap between the demand and supply
of different infrastructure services, indicating the
adequacy or inadequacy of infrastructural services in
terms of coverage, quantity and quality, thus
attempting to identify the factors responsible for
inadequate development of infrastructure services.
• The CDP also focuses on techniques for strengthening
municipal governance, financial accounting and other
bottle necks.
• Whereas the emphasis of CDP is to integrate financial
profile of a city plan, its investment plan with that of
the infrastructure profile of the city.

2. District Development Plan is a five year regional
plan of socio-economic and spatial development
of a district incorporating both physical and
fiscal proposals of the development plans of
various municipal bodies and panchayats
located in the district.
3. Metropolitan Area Development Plan is a five
year regional plan of socio-economic and spatial
development of metropolitan area conceived
within the framework of the approved
perspective plan.

4. An Annual Plan conceived within the framework of
the development plan, is a plan containing the details
of the new and ongoing projects that the local
authority intends to implement during the respective
financial year and for which necessary fiscal resources
shall be mobilized through plan funds and other
sources.
5. Projects and schemes are plans, conceived within the
framework of approved development plan, containing
detailed working layouts with all supporting
infrastructure and documents including cost of
development, source of finance and recovery
instruments for their execution.

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