SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Microprocessor and Microcontroller
 The introduction of a piece of technology called “Microprocessor” has changed
the way in which we view, analyze and control the world surrounding us over
the past two decades. The first commercial microprocessor is 4-bit 4004
developed by Intel and was made available in 1971. Since then, it took a
phenomenal success in its development and usage. Microprocessor is considered
a product of combined developments in the fields of computer architecture and
Integrated Circuit (IC) fabrication. It has made the concept of personal
computing very feasible.
 The Microcontroller is often considered as a byproduct in the development of
microprocessor. The fabrication process and programming technique which are
responsible in the development of microprocessors has also lead to the
development of microcontrollers. Until a decade ago, the microcontrollers are
less popular in both the technical community and general public even though
most of the consumer electronics like televisions, video games, video cassette
recorders, telephones, elevators etc. comprise of them.
01 1
Microcontrollers
 Embedded Systems
 Operations managed behind the scenes by a
microcontroller
 Microcontroller (MCU)
 Integrated electronic computing device that
includes three major components on a single chip
 Microprocessor (MPU)
 Memory
 I/O (Input/Output) ports
2
01
Microcontrollers
 Support Devices
 Timers
 A/D converter
 Serial I/O
 Common communication lines
 System Bus
3
01
Block Diagram
01 4
Microprocessor (MPU)
 MPU (CPU)
 Read instructions
 Process binary data
5
01
Memory
 Storage Device
 Addresses
 Registers
 Major Categories
 Read/Write Memory
(R/W)
 Read-only-Memory
(ROM)
D7 D0
6
01
Input/Output (I/O)
 Input Devices
 Switches and Keypads
 Provide binary information to the MPU
 Output devices
 LEDs and LCDs
 Receive binary information from the MPU
7
01
Microprocessor-Based Systems
8
01
Microprocessor Architecture
 MPU communicates with Memory and I/O
using the System Bus
 Address bus
 Unidirectional
 Memory and I/O Addresses
 Data bus
 Bidirectional
 Transfers Binary Data and Instructions
 Control lines
 Read and Write timing signals
9
01
Microprocessor-Based System
01 10
Example Microprocessor System
11
01
Software
 Machine Language
 Binary Instructions
 Difficult to decipher and write
 Error-prone
 All programs converted into machine language
for execution
12
01
Instruction Hex Mnemonic Description Processor
10000000 80 ADD B Add reg B to Acc Intel 8085
00101000 28 ADD A, R0 Add Reg R0 to Acc Intel 8051
00011011 1B ABA Add Acc A and B Motorola 6811
Software
 Assembly Language
 Machine instructions represented in mnemonics
 One-to-one correspondence
 Efficient execution and use of memory
 Machine-specific
13
01
Software
 High-Level Languages
 BASIC, C, and C++
 Written in statements of spoken languages
 Machine independent
 Easy to write and troubleshoot
 Larger memory and less efficient execution
14
01
Data Format (8-bit)
 Unsigned Integers
 All eight bits represent the magnitude of a number
 Bit7 to Bit0
 Range 00H to FFH (010 to 25510)
15
01
Data Format (8-bit)
 Signed Integers
 2's Complement
 Bit7 is sign bit
 Positive numbers: 00H to 7FH (010 to 12710)
 Negative numbers: 80H to FFH (-110 to -12810)
01 16
Data Format (8-bit)
 Binary Coded Decimal Numbers (BCD)
 8-bit number divided into two groups of four
 Each group represents a decimal digit from 0 to 9
 AH through FH are invalid
 Example: 0010 0101BCD = 2510
17
01
Data Format (8-bit)
 American Standard Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII)
 7-bit alphanumeric code with 128 combinations
(00H to 7FH)
 Represents English alphabet, decimal digits from
0 to 9, symbols, and commands
18
01
MPU-Based Systems
 System hardware
 Discrete components
 Microprocessor, Memory, and I/O
 Components connected by buses
 Address, Data, and Control
 System software
 Group of programs that monitors the functions of
the entire system
19
01
MPU-Based System
20
01
MCU-Based Systems
 Microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and
support devices on a single chip
 Buses generally not available to a system
designer
 I/O ports generally multiplexed and can be
programmed to perform different functions
21
01
MCU-Based System
22
01
Computer Architectures
 Princeton versus Harvard Architecture
 CISC versus RISC processors
 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
01 23

More Related Content

Similar to presentation_microcontroller_1457634560_181219.ppt (20)

PPTX
computer_lecture2.pdf what is computer and microprocessor
chatlasrinithyasrini
 
PDF
Computer engineering - overview of microprocessors
EkeedaPvtLtd
 
PPT
Microprocessor
Embeddedbvp
 
PPTX
8085 Microprocessor - Ramesh Gaonkar.pdf-27 (1).pptx
sruti009988
 
PPTX
MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM AND INTERFACING.pptx
ayomiposiadaralode
 
PPT
Microprocessor & microcontroller
Nitesh Kumar
 
PDF
Microprocessors evolution introduction to microprocessor
Vijay Kumar
 
PPT
Introduction to-microprocessors
Volodymyr Ushenko
 
DOC
8051mc notes-121004121921-phpapp01
ayushi sharma
 
DOC
8051mc notes-121004121921-phpapp01
blacktricker
 
PPTX
lecture 2 coal assembly language lecture
zm745236
 
PPTX
CSE331_Lecture1.pptx
MonirMorshed3
 
PPTX
Computer Architecture & Program Execution.pptx
HASNAINNAZIR1
 
PPT
Lec 1 Intro to mp.ppt
USMANMALIK57656
 
PDF
Architecture and Programmingpart1_Microcontroller
ssuser1bfdb5
 
PPT
Embeded system by Mitesh Kumar
Mitesh Kumar
 
PPT
Microprocessor design and Lecture Two.ppt
msimiyu888
 
PDF
microprocessormicrocontrollerbysanat-140107013112-phpapp02.pdf
MECHANICALENGINEERIN19
 
PPT
microprocessor-and-microcontroller
jhcid
 
PPT
MKLecture01eng.ppt
ssuser7a33ea
 
computer_lecture2.pdf what is computer and microprocessor
chatlasrinithyasrini
 
Computer engineering - overview of microprocessors
EkeedaPvtLtd
 
Microprocessor
Embeddedbvp
 
8085 Microprocessor - Ramesh Gaonkar.pdf-27 (1).pptx
sruti009988
 
MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM AND INTERFACING.pptx
ayomiposiadaralode
 
Microprocessor & microcontroller
Nitesh Kumar
 
Microprocessors evolution introduction to microprocessor
Vijay Kumar
 
Introduction to-microprocessors
Volodymyr Ushenko
 
8051mc notes-121004121921-phpapp01
ayushi sharma
 
8051mc notes-121004121921-phpapp01
blacktricker
 
lecture 2 coal assembly language lecture
zm745236
 
CSE331_Lecture1.pptx
MonirMorshed3
 
Computer Architecture & Program Execution.pptx
HASNAINNAZIR1
 
Lec 1 Intro to mp.ppt
USMANMALIK57656
 
Architecture and Programmingpart1_Microcontroller
ssuser1bfdb5
 
Embeded system by Mitesh Kumar
Mitesh Kumar
 
Microprocessor design and Lecture Two.ppt
msimiyu888
 
microprocessormicrocontrollerbysanat-140107013112-phpapp02.pdf
MECHANICALENGINEERIN19
 
microprocessor-and-microcontroller
jhcid
 
MKLecture01eng.ppt
ssuser7a33ea
 

Recently uploaded (20)

PPTX
Shinkawa Proposal to meet Vibration API670.pptx
AchmadBashori2
 
PPTX
Mechanical Design of shell and tube heat exchangers as per ASME Sec VIII Divi...
shahveer210504
 
DOCX
CS-802 (A) BDH Lab manual IPS Academy Indore
thegodhimself05
 
PDF
Reasons for the succes of MENARD PRESSUREMETER.pdf
majdiamz
 
PDF
MAD Unit - 1 Introduction of Android IT Department
JappanMavani
 
PDF
GTU Civil Engineering All Semester Syllabus.pdf
Vimal Bhojani
 
PDF
Set Relation Function Practice session 24.05.2025.pdf
DrStephenStrange4
 
PPTX
GitOps_Without_K8s_Training simple one without k8s
DanialHabibi2
 
PPTX
Depth First Search Algorithm in 🧠 DFS in Artificial Intelligence (AI)
rafeeqshaik212002
 
PPTX
Hashing Introduction , hash functions and techniques
sailajam21
 
PPTX
GitOps_Repo_Structure for begeinner(Scaffolindg)
DanialHabibi2
 
PPTX
Product Development & DevelopmentLecture02.pptx
zeeshanwazir2
 
PDF
Biomechanics of Gait: Engineering Solutions for Rehabilitation (www.kiu.ac.ug)
publication11
 
PPTX
Thermal runway and thermal stability.pptx
godow93766
 
PPTX
Element 11. ELECTRICITY safety and hazards
merrandomohandas
 
PPTX
Green Building & Energy Conservation ppt
Sagar Sarangi
 
PDF
Zilliz Cloud Demo for performance and scale
Zilliz
 
PPTX
Introduction to Design of Machine Elements
PradeepKumarS27
 
PDF
Ethics and Trustworthy AI in Healthcare – Governing Sensitive Data, Profiling...
AlqualsaDIResearchGr
 
PPTX
265587293-NFPA 101 Life safety code-PPT-1.pptx
chandermwason
 
Shinkawa Proposal to meet Vibration API670.pptx
AchmadBashori2
 
Mechanical Design of shell and tube heat exchangers as per ASME Sec VIII Divi...
shahveer210504
 
CS-802 (A) BDH Lab manual IPS Academy Indore
thegodhimself05
 
Reasons for the succes of MENARD PRESSUREMETER.pdf
majdiamz
 
MAD Unit - 1 Introduction of Android IT Department
JappanMavani
 
GTU Civil Engineering All Semester Syllabus.pdf
Vimal Bhojani
 
Set Relation Function Practice session 24.05.2025.pdf
DrStephenStrange4
 
GitOps_Without_K8s_Training simple one without k8s
DanialHabibi2
 
Depth First Search Algorithm in 🧠 DFS in Artificial Intelligence (AI)
rafeeqshaik212002
 
Hashing Introduction , hash functions and techniques
sailajam21
 
GitOps_Repo_Structure for begeinner(Scaffolindg)
DanialHabibi2
 
Product Development & DevelopmentLecture02.pptx
zeeshanwazir2
 
Biomechanics of Gait: Engineering Solutions for Rehabilitation (www.kiu.ac.ug)
publication11
 
Thermal runway and thermal stability.pptx
godow93766
 
Element 11. ELECTRICITY safety and hazards
merrandomohandas
 
Green Building & Energy Conservation ppt
Sagar Sarangi
 
Zilliz Cloud Demo for performance and scale
Zilliz
 
Introduction to Design of Machine Elements
PradeepKumarS27
 
Ethics and Trustworthy AI in Healthcare – Governing Sensitive Data, Profiling...
AlqualsaDIResearchGr
 
265587293-NFPA 101 Life safety code-PPT-1.pptx
chandermwason
 
Ad

presentation_microcontroller_1457634560_181219.ppt

  • 1. Microprocessor and Microcontroller  The introduction of a piece of technology called “Microprocessor” has changed the way in which we view, analyze and control the world surrounding us over the past two decades. The first commercial microprocessor is 4-bit 4004 developed by Intel and was made available in 1971. Since then, it took a phenomenal success in its development and usage. Microprocessor is considered a product of combined developments in the fields of computer architecture and Integrated Circuit (IC) fabrication. It has made the concept of personal computing very feasible.  The Microcontroller is often considered as a byproduct in the development of microprocessor. The fabrication process and programming technique which are responsible in the development of microprocessors has also lead to the development of microcontrollers. Until a decade ago, the microcontrollers are less popular in both the technical community and general public even though most of the consumer electronics like televisions, video games, video cassette recorders, telephones, elevators etc. comprise of them. 01 1
  • 2. Microcontrollers  Embedded Systems  Operations managed behind the scenes by a microcontroller  Microcontroller (MCU)  Integrated electronic computing device that includes three major components on a single chip  Microprocessor (MPU)  Memory  I/O (Input/Output) ports 2 01
  • 3. Microcontrollers  Support Devices  Timers  A/D converter  Serial I/O  Common communication lines  System Bus 3 01
  • 5. Microprocessor (MPU)  MPU (CPU)  Read instructions  Process binary data 5 01
  • 6. Memory  Storage Device  Addresses  Registers  Major Categories  Read/Write Memory (R/W)  Read-only-Memory (ROM) D7 D0 6 01
  • 7. Input/Output (I/O)  Input Devices  Switches and Keypads  Provide binary information to the MPU  Output devices  LEDs and LCDs  Receive binary information from the MPU 7 01
  • 9. Microprocessor Architecture  MPU communicates with Memory and I/O using the System Bus  Address bus  Unidirectional  Memory and I/O Addresses  Data bus  Bidirectional  Transfers Binary Data and Instructions  Control lines  Read and Write timing signals 9 01
  • 12. Software  Machine Language  Binary Instructions  Difficult to decipher and write  Error-prone  All programs converted into machine language for execution 12 01 Instruction Hex Mnemonic Description Processor 10000000 80 ADD B Add reg B to Acc Intel 8085 00101000 28 ADD A, R0 Add Reg R0 to Acc Intel 8051 00011011 1B ABA Add Acc A and B Motorola 6811
  • 13. Software  Assembly Language  Machine instructions represented in mnemonics  One-to-one correspondence  Efficient execution and use of memory  Machine-specific 13 01
  • 14. Software  High-Level Languages  BASIC, C, and C++  Written in statements of spoken languages  Machine independent  Easy to write and troubleshoot  Larger memory and less efficient execution 14 01
  • 15. Data Format (8-bit)  Unsigned Integers  All eight bits represent the magnitude of a number  Bit7 to Bit0  Range 00H to FFH (010 to 25510) 15 01
  • 16. Data Format (8-bit)  Signed Integers  2's Complement  Bit7 is sign bit  Positive numbers: 00H to 7FH (010 to 12710)  Negative numbers: 80H to FFH (-110 to -12810) 01 16
  • 17. Data Format (8-bit)  Binary Coded Decimal Numbers (BCD)  8-bit number divided into two groups of four  Each group represents a decimal digit from 0 to 9  AH through FH are invalid  Example: 0010 0101BCD = 2510 17 01
  • 18. Data Format (8-bit)  American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)  7-bit alphanumeric code with 128 combinations (00H to 7FH)  Represents English alphabet, decimal digits from 0 to 9, symbols, and commands 18 01
  • 19. MPU-Based Systems  System hardware  Discrete components  Microprocessor, Memory, and I/O  Components connected by buses  Address, Data, and Control  System software  Group of programs that monitors the functions of the entire system 19 01
  • 21. MCU-Based Systems  Microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and support devices on a single chip  Buses generally not available to a system designer  I/O ports generally multiplexed and can be programmed to perform different functions 21 01
  • 23. Computer Architectures  Princeton versus Harvard Architecture  CISC versus RISC processors  Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 01 23