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Principles and techniques of supervision by Chandrajeet Sahu
- 1. PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUESOF SUPERVISION & ORGANISATION :- Task identification in performance area CHANDRAJEET SAHU MANAGER (EXCV), GEVRA PROJECT
- 2. INTRODUCTION There is anold saying that “which is not inspected is not done”. Hence, inspection , overseeing ,and supervision arise in response to need inherent in the functioning of an organization. Good managers oversee the performance of workers. It is necessary to oversee the performance to achieve early objectives. Top management oversees the performance of management members and management members oversee the performance of non management members. They are also called as First line managers. Supervisors have different names like foreman, department head, head clerk, charge man, chief clerk, head assistant, inspector, superintendent or section officer etc
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- 4. MEANING • • • The term“supervision” has its origin in two Latin words : super meaning “above” ; vision meaning “see”. • In a hierarchical organization no one can claim to work without proper supervision . For proper functioning of an organization , it is very essential that there should be proper coordination and link among different parts and organs of an organization.
- 5. DEFINITION • Supervision isdefined as a process undertaken for a specific purpose for fulfillment of organizational goals by striving to maintain the required quality of performance through constantly supporting and assisting the worker to perform the best . • Supervision has been defined as a cooperative relationship between the leader and one or more person to accomplish a particular job.
- 6. DEFINITION (Continued)….. • According toto Jean Barret , Supervision is kind of teaching which involves advising , helping , inspiring , leading and liberating. • Terry and Franklin meant supervision as “guiding and directing efforts of the employees and other resources to accomplish stated work outputs”.
- 7. DEFINITION (Continued)….. ….. •According to Margaret Williamson – Supervision is process by which workers are helped by designated staff member to learn according to the needs to make the best use of their knowledge and skills and to improve their abilities so that they do their job more effectively and increase satisfaction to themselves and to the organization.
- 8. DEFINITION (Continued)….. ….. •John D. Millett rightly observed –Supervision is more than a process , it is a spirit which animates relationship between levels of organization and which includes maximum accomplishment , or when unsuccessful , generates administrative paralysis.
- 9. QUALITIES OF AGOOD SUPERVISOR • • Impartial: -should give equal opportunity to all. • • Initiative :- Should work by his own. • Tactful & Logical. • Careful Listener • Enthusiastic. • Emotional control • Obedient & Punctual. • Kept his words. (awards his subordinates , not complain to his boss) • Took responsibility by self, (in both conditions good & bad) • • Personal qualifications • • Teaching ability
- 10. Functions of Supervisor •Provides technical knowledge • Gives orders, instructions and implements the rules Converts the goals, programmes, policies and resources into products and services . • Creates proper climate ,arranges work assignments, determines procedures. Arranges tools and materials etc. • Supervisor motivates workers becomes an example hears complaints and helps to solve them communicates the feelings or problems to the top management controls the performance Recommends promotions, transfers and pay increase.
- 11. Responsibility of Supervisor A.Responsibilities towards workers or subordinates. B. Responsibilities towards management C. Responsibilities towards his own functions. D. Responsibilities towards his colleagues
- 12. GOALS OF SUPERVISION •• To bring personal and professional growth of employees in order to achieve quality in organization. • • It is the key to maintain standards. • • To persist in the delivery of high quality product for any organization. • • To assist and to help in the development of staff to their highest potential. • • To interpret policies , objectives & need etc. of the organization. • • To plan services cooperatively and to develop coordination to avoid overlapping .
- 13. GOALS OF SUPERVISION(continued) • To assist in the problem solving of the matters concerning personal , administrative and operation of services. • • To develop standards of service and methods of evaluation of a personnel and services. • • To evaluate the services given , personal performance , progress made and to suggest changes for improving the work effectively and outcome of the personnel
- 14. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF SUPERVISION Supervisionis ongoing process invariably interwoven with motivation , performance appraisal , staff development and leadership • • Supervisors are always accountable for the performance of their subordinates working under them / his span of control. • • Supervisors have to help the workers to improve , develop and reinforce knowledge and skill according to their individual needs.
- 15. BASIC PRINCIPLE OFSUPERVISION (continued) • • Supervisors are required to help their workers to develop right attitude. • • Another essential tenet of supervision includes assisting the worker to perform in the best possible way to yield the best results in terms of realization of the organizational goals.
- 16. BASIC PRINCIPLES OFSUPERVISION (continued) • Supervision should encourage self expression so as to draw out potential abilities of a worker • Supervisors should provide initiative to individual to take more responsibility. • • Supervisor should provide full opportunity to do work in cooperation to develop the team spirit . And develop good interpersonal relationship. • • Supervisor should give autonomy to the workers to raise productivity. • • Supervisor interprets policies and give creative instructions .
- 17. BASIC PRINCIPLES OFSUPERVISION (continued) • Supervision should meet the individual needs. • • . Supervisor should always think himself as a leader / guardian so as to give guidance, help and encouragement to workers. • • Supervision should be democratic . Not autocratic . • Supervision should be well planned and adopted to good planning . • . • Good supervision respects the personality of an individual (employee).
- 18. FUNCTIONS OF SUPERVISION •Administrative • Teaching • Helping • Linking. • Evaluation.
- 19. TECHNIQUES OF SUPERVISION Techniquesare based on three stages:- • Stage one : “Preparation for supervision” • Stage two :- “ Supervision “ • Stage three “Follow up of supervision”
- 20. STAGE ONE :PREPARATION FOR SUPERVISION • Study of documents, (manpower list, m/c technical specifications, mine conditions etc) • Identification of priority for supervision. (which type of job to be dob • Preparation of supervision schedule .
- 21. STAGE TWO :SUPERVISION • i) Establishing Contacts . (with persons u need to interact regularly viz service engineers, drivers, MTK, over man / foreman etc. • ii.) Review of the objectives , targets and norms . • iii. Review the job description. (suggest changes in any). • iv. Observe the staff’s motivation . • v. Observe for any potential conflicts .
- 22. STAGE THREE :FOLLOW UP OF SUPERVISION • • Reorganization of time –table/workplan/duty roster • • Organizing in-service training programmes /continuing education programmes for workers under your control. ( if u have found shortcomings) • • Initiating changes in logistic support or supply system . ( if u have found shortcomings) • • Initiating actions for organizing staff welfare activities. (without much interference from ur boss) • • Counseling and guidance regarding career development and professional growth.
- 23. FACTORS OF EFFECTIVESUPERVISION • Human Relation Skill • Technical and managerial knowledge • Leadership • Improved upward relations • Relief from Non-supervisory duties
- 24. STYLES OF SUPERVISION •An autocratic supervisor Autocratican or dictatorial technique :-Whatever the methods or procedures are fixed by the management, they should be strictly adhered to by the subordinates. This technique is suitable where the labour is not properly organized. (mostly in PVT industries)
- 25. STYLES OF SUPERVISION ADemocratic supervisor Consultative or democratic technique A supervisor takes decision regarding methods or procedures to be adopted only after consulting his subordinates. All the democratic principles are adopted under this technique .
- 26. CONCLUSION • Supervision ismore than inspection and investigation .It is a key to successful administration and is most important functions in an organization. • So, today we have discussed about principles and techniques of supervision.