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Principles of rangeland management
The document discusses the principles of rangeland management. It defines rangeland as uncultivated areas that support natural vegetation. Rangeland management aims to obtain maximum production from grasslands through the sustainable application of scientific, social, biological, and economic principles. Key principles of rangeland management include using the correct kind and number of grazing animals, grazing at the correct times, and properly distributing livestock across the rangeland area. The document also outlines the different eras in rangeland management history.
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Introduction to rangeland management including types of land, key principles, and its importance in sustainability.
Describes different eras in rangeland management from Native Americans to Homesteaders and the impact on land.
Introduction of key legislative acts like the Taylor Grazing Act and Soil Conservation Act for rangeland protection.
Focus on the correct type and number of animals, grazing methods, distribution, and practices like fertilization and burning.
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Principles of rangeland management
- 1. Topic: Principles ofRangeland Management Submitted By: Hassan Noorani University college of Agriculture University of Sargodha
- 2. Range land The uncultivatedareas that supports natural vegetation and seeded herbacious with or without scattered trees
- 3. Range Management Science andart of obtaining maximum production from grassland/scrub land on sustained basis.
- 4. Cont. It is theapplication of scientific , social , biological and economic principles to the range land for fulfillment certain objectives. Scientific Social Biological Economical
- 6. Eras of RangelandManagement Native Americans Explorers & Trappers Settlers and Pioneers Open Range Homesteaders Rangeland Scientists Land Managers
- 7. Native Americans Focuson survival Heavy use of natural products Early agriculture Hunting/gathering Use of fire Impact on land varied
- 8. Explorers & Trappers Cortez in 1515 and Coronado in 1540 – first introduced livestock to North America Lewis & Clark 1804-1806 Lands were largely unmanaged – created roads and trails, set the stage for development Steve Long expedition 1819-1820 described the western range as the “Great American Desert”
- 9. Open Range AfterCivil War (1861-1865) Livestock production boomed Livestock sold by the “Head” not the “Pound” Railroads important for livestock sales Open Range Livestock peaked in 1880 1886 drought, low cattle prices, and several bad winters ended the “open range” livestock Cattle vs Sheep = Range Wars (1870’s)
- 10. Homesteaders Had to“prove up” to gain claim. Settled around water sources. Affected land ownership patterns seen today.
- 11. Birth of LandManagement Taylor Grazing Act 1934 “.. to stop injury to the public grazing lands and provide for their orderly use, improvement, and development.” Soil Conservation Act of 1935 Birth of the Natural Resources Conservation Service
- 12. Principles of RangeManagement Correct kind of animals Correct number of animals Correct number of grazing Proper distribution of livestock
- 13. Correct kind ofAnimals Preference: while farcing the kind of animals over rangeland first we look at the preference of animals to vegetation type and vegetation present in rangeland. Example: Camel prefer trees and shrubs Cattles prefer tall grasses Sheep prefer short grasses
- 14. Correct kind ofanimals Water requirement: When we have less available water we should allow camel only to graze. Same with cattle and goat which require less water. In desert only camels should allow to graze.
- 15. Correct kind ofanimals Palatability: It is related to preference. If we have Acacia mea than we should allow camels only as they like it Cattles feed on Cenchrus and Chirysopogon.
- 16. Correct kind ofanimals Topography: If range area is sloppy than allow sheep and goat only. Camels should be allowed in plain areas.
- 17. Correct number ofanimals It depends on carrying capacity of areas. If animals will be more than carrying capacity of land than it will definitely degrade. Correct season of grazing Whenever the range is ready, one can allow grazing according to carrying capacity.
- 18. Proper distribution ofAnimals over Rangeland There are many method for proper or uniform distribution of animals over range land. These are: a) Providing water facilities at different points b) Fencing particular area c) Salt lick placement over different points on rangeland d) By constructing tracks , paths on range land area e) By using special grazing system f) Range fertilization g) Range burning
- 19. Range Fertilization Optimumamount of fertilizers are use to increase the yield of rangeland because most of rangeland are deficient in N,P,K. Fertilizers are also used to modify the specie composition on range area.
- 20. Range burning Itis the oldest known practice use by man to manipulate vegetation on rangeland It has three types Convenience burning Controlled burning Prescribed burning