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Programming ASP NET MVC 4 Developing Real World
Web Applications with ASP NET MVC 1st Edition Jess
Chadwick Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Jess Chadwick, Todd Snyder, Hrusikesh Panda
ISBN(s): 9781449320317, 1449320317
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 9.42 MB
Year: 2012
Language: english

Programming ASP.NET MVC 4
Jess Chadwick, Todd Snyder, and Hrusikesh Panda
Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Sebastopol • Tokyo

Programming ASP.NET MVC 4
by Jess Chadwick, Todd Snyder, and Hrusikesh Panda
Copyright © 2012 Jess Chadwick, Todd Synder, Hrusikesh Panda. All rights reserved.
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ISBN: 978-1-449-32031-7
[LSI]
1347629749

Table of Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Part I. Up and Running
1. Fundamentals of ASP.NET MVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Microsoft’s Web Development Platforms 3
Active Server Pages (ASP) 3
ASP.NET Web Forms 4
ASP.NET MVC 4
The Model-View-Controller Architecture 4
The Model 5
The View 6
The Controller 6
What’s New in ASP.NET MVC 4? 6
Introduction to EBuy 8
Installing ASP.NET MVC 9
Creating an ASP.NET MVC Application 9
Project Templates 10
Convention over Configuration 13
Running the Application 15
Routing 15
Configuring Routes 16
Controllers 18
Controller Actions 19
Action Results 19
Action Parameters 21
Action Filters 23
Views 24
Locating Views 24
Hello, Razor! 26
Differentiating Code and Markup 27
iii

Layouts 28
Partial Views 30
Displaying Data 31
HTML and URL Helpers 33
Models 34
Putting It All Together 35
The Route 35
The Controller 35
The View 38
Authentication 41
The AccountController 42
Summary 44
2. ASP.NET MVC for Web Forms Developers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
It’s All Just ASP.NET 45
Tools, Languages, and APIs 46
HTTP Handlers and Modules 46
Managing State 46
Deployment and Runtime 47
More Differences than Similarities 47
Separation of Application Logic and View Logic 48
URLs and Routing 48
State Management 49
Rendering HTML 50
Authoring ASP.NET MVC Views Using Web Forms Syntax 54
A Word of Caution 55
Summary 56
3. Working with Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Building a Form 57
Handling Form Posts 59
Saving Data to a Database 59
Entity Framework Code First: Convention over Configuration 60
Creating a Data Access Layer with Entity Framework Code First 60
Validating Data 61
Specifying Business Rules with Data Annotations 63
Displaying Validation Errors 65
Summary 68
4. Client-Side Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Working with JavaScript 69
Selectors 71
Responding to Events 74
iv | Table of Contents

DOM Manipulation 76
AJAX 77
Client-Side Validation 79
Summary 83
Part II. Going to the Next Level
5. Web Application Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
The Model-View-Controller Pattern 87
Separation of Concerns 87
MVC and Web Frameworks 88
Architecting a Web Application 90
Logical Design 90
ASP.NET MVC Web Application Logical Design 90
Logical Design Best Practices 92
Physical Design 93
Project Namespace and Assembly Names 93
Deployment Options 94
Physical Design Best Practices 94
Design Principles 96
SOLID 96
Inversion of Control 102
Don’t Repeat Yourself 110
Summary 110
6. Enhancing Your Site with AJAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Partial Rendering 111
Rendering Partial Views 112
JavaScript Rendering 117
Rendering JSON Data 118
Requesting JSON Data 119
Client-Side Templates 120
Reusing Logic Across AJAX and Non-AJAX Requests 123
Responding to AJAX Requests 124
Responding to JSON Requests 125
Applying the Same Logic Across Multiple Controller Actions 126
Sending Data to the Server 128
Posting Complex JSON Objects 129
Model Binder Selection 131
Sending and Receiving JSON Data Effectively 132
Cross-Domain AJAX 133
JSONP 133
Table of Contents | v

Enabling Cross-Origin Resource Sharing 137
Summary 138
7. The ASP.NET Web API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Building a Data Service 139
Registering Web API Routes 141
Leaning on Convention over Configuration 142
Overriding Conventions 143
Hooking Up the API 143
Paging and Querying Data 146
Exception Handling 147
Media Formatters 149
Summary 152
8. Advanced Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Data Access Patterns 153
Plain Old CLR Objects 153
Using the Repository Pattern 154
Object Relational Mappers 156
Entity Framework Overview 158
Choosing a Data Access Approach 159
Database Concurrency 160
Building a Data Access Layer 161
Using Entity Framework Code First 161
The EBuy Business Domain Model 163
Working with a Data Context 167
Sorting, Filtering, and Paging Data 168
Summary 174
9. Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Building Secure Web Applications 175
Defense in Depth 175
Never Trust Input 176
Enforce the Principle of Least Privilege 176
Assume External Systems Are Insecure 176
Reduce Surface Area 176
Disable Unnecessary Features 177
Securing an Application 177
Securing an Intranet Application 178
Forms Authentication 183
Guarding Against Attacks 192
SQL Injection 192
Cross-Site Scripting 198
vi | Table of Contents

Cross-Site Request Forgery 199
Summary 201
10. Mobile Web Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
ASP.NET MVC 4 Mobile Features 203
Making Your Application Mobile Friendly 205
Creating the Auctions Mobile View 205
Getting Started with jQuery Mobile 207
Enhancing the View with jQuery Mobile 209
Avoiding Desktop Views in the Mobile Site 216
Improving Mobile Experience 216
Adaptive Rendering 217
The Viewport Tag 217
Mobile Feature Detection 218
CSS Media Queries 220
Browser-Specific Views 221
Creating a New Mobile Application from Scratch 224
The jQuery Mobile Paradigm Shift 224
The ASP.NET MVC 4 Mobile Template 224
Using the ASP.NET MVC 4 Mobile Application Template 226
Summary 229
Part III. Going Above and Beyond
11. Parallel, Asynchronous, and Real-Time Data Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Asynchronous Controllers 233
Creating an Asynchronous Controller 234
Choosing When to Use Asynchronous Controllers 236
Real-Time Asynchronous Communication 236
Comparing Application Models 237
HTTP Polling 237
HTTP Long Polling 238
Server-Sent Events 239
WebSockets 240
Empowering Real-Time Communication 241
Configuring and Tuning 245
Summary 246
12. Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Types of Caching 247
Server-Side Caching 248
Client-Side Caching 248
Table of Contents | vii

Server-Side Caching Techniques 248
Request-Scoped Caching 248
User-Scoped Caching 249
Application-Scoped Caching 250
The ASP.NET Cache 251
The Output Cache 252
Donut Caching 255
Donut Hole Caching 257
Distributed Caching 259
Client-Side Caching Techniques 264
Understanding the Browser Cache 264
App Cache 265
Local Storage 268
Summary 269
13. Client-Side Optimization Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Anatomy of a Page 271
Anatomy of an HttpRequest 272
Best Practices 273
Make Fewer HTTP Requests 274
Use a Content Delivery Network 274
Add an Expires or a Cache-Control Header 276
GZip Components 278
Put Stylesheets at the Top 279
Put Scripts at the Bottom 279
Make Scripts and Styles External 281
Reduce DNS Lookups 282
Minify JavaScript and CSS 282
Avoid Redirects 283
Remove Duplicate Scripts 285
Configure ETags 285
Measuring Client-Side Performance 286
Putting ASP.NET MVC to Work 289
Bundling and Minification 289
Summary 293
14. Advanced Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Wayfinding 295
URLs and SEO 297
Building Routes 298
Default and Optional Route Parameters 299
Routing Order and Priority 301
Routing to Existing Files 301
viii | Table of Contents

Ignoring Routes 302
Catch-All Routes 302
Route Constraints 303
Peering into Routes Using Glimpse 305
Attribute-Based Routing 306
Extending Routing 310
The Routing Pipeline 310
Summary 315
15. Reusable UI Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
What ASP.NET MVC Offers out of the Box 317
Partial Views 317
HtmlHelper Extensions or Custom HtmlHelpers 317
Display and Editor Templates 318
Html.RenderAction() 318
Taking It a Step Further 319
The Razor Single File Generator 319
Creating Reusable ASP.NET MVC Views 321
Creating Reusable ASP.NET MVC Helpers 325
Unit Testing Razor Views 327
Summary 328
Part IV. Quality Control
16. Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Error Handling in ASP.NET MVC 331
Enabling Custom Errors 332
Handling Errors in Controller Actions 333
Defining Global Error Handlers 334
Logging and Tracing 336
Logging Errors 336
ASP.NET Health Monitoring 338
Summary 341
17. Automated Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
The Semantics of Testing 343
Manual Testing 344
Automated Testing 345
Levels of Automated Testing 345
Unit Tests 345
Fast 347
Integration Tests 348
Table of Contents | ix

Acceptance Tests 349
What Is an Automated Test Project? 350
Creating a Visual Studio Test Project 350
Creating and Executing a Unit Test 352
Testing an ASP.NET MVC Application 354
Testing the Model 355
Test-Driven Development 358
Writing Clean Automated Tests 359
Testing Controllers 361
Refactoring to Unit Tests 364
Mocking Dependencies 365
Testing Views 370
Code Coverage 372
The Myth of 100% Code Coverage 374
Developing Testable Code 374
Summary 376
18. Build Automation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Creating Build Scripts 378
Visual Studio Projects Are Build Scripts! 378
Adding a Simple Build Task 378
Executing the Build 379
The Possibilities Are Endless! 380
Automating the Build 380
Types of Automated Builds 381
Creating the Automated Build 383
Continuous Integration 386
Discovering Issues 386
The Principles of Continuous Integration 386
Summary 391
Part V. Going Live
19. Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
What Needs to Be Deployed 395
Core Website Files 395
Static Content 398
What Not to Deploy 398
Databases and Other External Dependencies 399
What the EBuy Application Requires 400
Deploying to Internet Information Server 401
Prerequisites 401
x | Table of Contents

Creating and Configuring an IIS Website 402
Publishing from Within Visual Studio 403
Deploying to Windows Azure 407
Creating a Windows Azure Account 408
Creating a New Windows Azure Website 408
Publishing a Windows Azure Website via Source Control 409
Summary 410
Part VI. Appendixes
A. ASP.NET MVC and Web Forms Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
B. Leveraging NuGet as a Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
C. Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
D. Cross-Reference: Targeted Topics, Features, and Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Table of Contents | xi

Preface
The web application landscape is vast and varied. Microsoft’s ASP.NET Framework—
built on top of the mature and robust .NET Framework—is one of the most trusted
platforms in the industry. ASP.NET MVC is Microsoft’s latest addition to the world of
ASP.NET providing web developers with an alternative development approach that
helps you build web applications with ease.
The main goal of this book is simple: to help you to build a complete understanding
of the ASP.NET MVC 4 Framework from the ground up. However, it doesn’t stop there
—the book combines fundamental ASP.NET MVC concepts with real-world insight,
modern web technologies (such as HTML 5 and the jQuery JavaScript Framework),
and powerful architecture patterns so that you’re ready to produce not just a website
that uses the ASP.NET MVC Framework, but a stable and scalable web application
that is easy to grow and maintain with your expanding needs.
Audience
This book is for people who want to learn how to leverage the Microsoft ASP.NET
MVC Framework to build robust and maintainable websites. Though the book uses
many code examples to describe this process in detail, it is not simply targeted at ap-
plicationdevelopers.Muchofthebookintroducesconceptsandtechniquesthatbenefit
both developers writing application code and the leaders driving these development
projects.
Assumptions This Book Makes
While this book aims to teach you everything you need to know in order to create robust
and maintainable web applications with the ASP.NET MVC Framework, it assumes
that you already have some fundamental knowledge about application development
with the Microsoft .NET Framework. In other words, you should already be comfort-
able using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to produce a very basic website and have enough
knowledge of the .NET Framework and the C# language to create a “Hello World”
application.
xiii

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Conventions Used in This Book
The following typographical conventions are used in this book:
Italic
Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, databases and tables, filenames, and
file extensions.
Constant width
Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements
such as variable or function names, data types, environment variables, statements,
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Constant width bold
Used for emphasis in code and to show commands or other text that should be
typed literally by the user.
Constant width italic
Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values deter-
mined by context.
This icon signifies a tip, suggestion, or general note.
This icon indicates a warning or caution.
Using Code Examples
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this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for
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xiv | Preface

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ARTICLE XVI[326]
INCOME TAX
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on
incomes, from whatever source derived, without
apportionment among the several states, and without regard
to any census or enumeration.

ARTICLE XVII[327]
SENATE: ELECTION: VACANCIES
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
Senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for
six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The
electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite
for electors of the most numerous branch of the state
legislatures.
When vacancies happen in the representation of any state
in the Senate, the executive authority of such state shall
issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That
the legislature of any state may empower the executive
thereof to make temporary appointment until the people fill
the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the
election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes
valid as part of the Constitution.

ARTICLE XVIII[328]
NATIONAL PROHIBITION
Section 1—After one year from the ratification of this
article the manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating
liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation
thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the
jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby
prohibited.
Section 2—The Congress and the several States shall
have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
Section 3—This article shall be inoperative unless it shall
have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by
the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the
Constitution, within seven years of the date of the submission
hereof to the States by Congress.

ARTICLE XIX[329]
WOMAN SUFFRAGE
Section 1—The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or
by any State on account of sex.
Section 2—Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

INDEX
A
Accidents, industrial, 411-412
Admission of new states, 227-228
Agriculture, the federal Department of, 299 n
scope and methods of, 339-342
special characteristics of, 343-345
improvements in, 345-346
government encouragement of, 346-348
financial aids to, 348-349
problems of, 349-352
Agricultural bloc, in Congress, 282 n, 350-351
Alaska, government of, 229 n
Albany Congress, 248
Ambassadors, appointment and duties of, 591-595
Amendments, to state constitutions, 232
to national constitution, 260-262
American Federation of Labor, 403-404
Americanization, the public schools as agencies of, 28
purpose and methods of, 33
“American Plan” in industry, 409
Anti-Trust Law. See Sherman Act
Appointments to office, methods of, 99-101

confirmation of, 270-271
presidential, 293-294
Appeals, judicial, 311-312
Appropriations in Congress, 463-465
Arbitration, of labor disputes, 409-410
compulsory, 410-411
international, 601-602
Aristotle, classification of governments by, 66-67
Armaments, the cost of, 563-564
Army, various divisions of the, 567-571
control of, in war, 571-572
Army in peace, 572-573
Articles of Confederation, 249-251, 287
Assessments for taxation, 456-457
Athletics, value of, in training citizens, 86-88
Attorney-General, office of, 299 n
Australian ballot, 132
B
Balance of power in Europe, 629
Ballot, history of the, 131-132
reform of, 132-133
preferential, 133-134
Banks, functions of, 434
organization of, 435-437
federal reserve, 437-439
work of, 439-442
See also Farm Loan Banks
Bargaining, collective, 405-406

Billboards, regulation of, 214-215
Bill of Rights, 261
Bimetallism, the controversy over, 428-430
Blacklists, industrial, 407
Blackstone’s Commentaries, 314 n
Bloc. See Agricultural bloc
Blue-sky laws, 446 n
Boards, in counties, 169-170
in cities, 192
in state government, 238-239
of education, 498
of health, 534
Bonds, defined and explained, 445 n
government, 466-467
serial, 469
Bonaparte, Napoleon, on the qualities of a good constitution,
258
Bosses, political, their origin, 29
their methods, 160-161
Boycotts in labor troubles, 407
Brindell Case, 404 n
Bryan, William J., on free silver, 430
Budgets, how made, 462-463
in Congress, 463-465
Buildings, public, in cities, 212-214
Bureau of Animal Industry, 347
of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 376
of Child Welfare, 415 n
of Education, 499
of American Republics, 617

Burke, Edmund, on the function of a representative, 98-99
Business taxes, 222
C
Cabinet, organization and functions of, 297-303
Campaign funds, 161-162
Capital, as a factor in production, 48-50
Center of population in the United States, 21
Chancery. See Equity
Charters, municipal, 186-190
Checks and balances, 232-234
Child labor, the restriction of, 414-415
Chief justice, duties of, in presidential impeachments, 270 n
China, economic resources of, 335
open door in, 618-620
Circuit courts, 313
Cities, drift of population to, 22-23
growth of, 183-184
character of population in, 184-186
relation to state, 186-190
government of, 190-199
administrative problems in, 203-222
taxation in, 455-457
City councils, 193-194
City government, development of, 182-184
present organization of, 184-199
See also Municipal problems
City-manager plan, 197-198
City planning, 206-298

Citizenship, rights of, 79
qualifications for, 81
dual, 82 n
obligations of, 83-84
training for, 84-88
Civil liberty, origin and nature of, 78-81
relation of direct legislation to, 111
Civil War, effect of, on relations between nation and states,
227
on the constitution, 261-262
martial law during, 574-575
naval progress during, 575 n
cost of pensions after, 583
danger of foreign intervention during, 608
Civil service, federal, 104
in counties, 173
See also Merit system
Clayton Act, 391, 408
Cleveland, adoption of city manager plan in, 197 n
Grover, use of armed forces in labor troubles by, 572-573
Closed shop, the question of, 408-409
Coal, the conservation of, 329-330
Codes of law, 315 n
Coinage in the United States, 427-430
Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, on the art of taxation, 455 n
Collective bargaining, 56, 405-406
Colleges, training for citizenship in, 87-88
Commerce, purposes of, 356-357
development of, 357-358
scope and nature of, 358-359
regulation of, 359-360

agencies of, 364-368
effect of tariffs on, 368-372
the encouragement of, 372-378
Commission government, in cities, 194-196
in states, 241-242
Commissions, public service, 480-481
Committees, party, 156-158
in the Senate, 268-269
in the House, 275
of conference, 277-278
on budget matters, 464-465
Communism, economic aspects of, 650-652
Common law, 314-315
Companies, commercial, 50-51
See also Holding companies
Competition, the nature of, 54
among public utilities, 475-476
Conciliation in labor disputes, 409-410
Confederation, Articles of, 249-251
Confirmation of appointments, 100
Congress, of the Confederation, 248-252, 257
of the United States, influence of public opinion on, 95-96
organization and work of, 266-282
committees in, 268-278
agricultural bloc in, 350-351
new budget system in, 464-465
of Vienna, 627-628
Conservation of natural resources, 326-336
Consular service, 373-374
Constitution of the United States, events leading to, 246-253
makers of, 254-255

nature of, 257-258
development of, 258-260
methods of amending, 260-262
Constitutions, state, 230-232
Consumption of wealth, 39-40
Constabulary, state, 217
Constitutional Convention of 1787, 253-257
Continental Congress, 248
Contract, freedom of, 55-56
Conventions, party, state, 129, 156-157
national, 158-159
Coroner, office of, 172
Corporations, the nature of, 50-51
citizenship of, 81 n
industrial, 384-385
control of, 389-393
Council, in cities, 193-194
County districts, 177
County government, 167-174
County manager plan, 170
Courtesy of the Senate, 270-271
Courts, county, 170-171
state, 239
federal, 308-313
Courts-martial, 573-574
Covenant. See League of Nations
Credit, agricultural, 348-349
relation of money to, 442-443
Credit, relation of prices to, 443-444

advantages and dangers of, 444-445
Crime, classifications of, 550-551
causes of, 552-553
methods of dealing with, 553-557
“Crime of 1873”, 429 n
“Cross of Gold” campaign, 430
Currency, paper, history of, 430-431
present forms of, 431-432
advantages of, 432-434
Currency Act (1900), 430
Custom, the influence of, 9-10
D
Darwin, Charles, theories of, 2-4
Debts, public, necessity of, 465-466
nature and amount of, 466-468
repayment of, 468-469
Declaration of Independence, influence of John Locke on,
64-65
assertion of civil rights in, 80
political doctrines of, 248-249
Defence, national, cost of, 563-564
need for, 564-567
methods of, 567-583
Degeneracy as a cause of poverty, 542
Demand and supply, relations of, 40
Democracy, true and false types, 68
progress of, 69
justification of, 70
relation of education to, 492-493
relation of socialism to, 657-658

achievements of, 658-660
citizen’s duty toward, 660-661
Departments, in city government, 191-192, 205-206
in state government, 238-239
in federal government, 299
Diminishing returns, the law of, 343
Diplomatic service, organization and functions of, 591-595
Direct legislation, progress of, 107-108
procedure in, 109-110
merits and defects of, 110-112
Disarmament, international, 576-577
See also Washington Conference
Disease, the germ theory of, 516-517
transmission of, 517-520
in industry, 521-522
the prevention of, 522-524
District attorney. See Prosecuting attorney
of Columbia, government of, 230 n
courts, federal, 313
Divine right, theory of, 63-64
Division of labor, 44-46
in agriculture, 344-345
of powers, 232-234
Divorce problem, 557-560
Domestic relations, courts of, 559
Drug evil, the, 526
Duties on imports, 459
See also Tariffs and Tariff problems
E
Economics, the subject-matter of, 38-39

Education, relation to democracy, 492-493
to personal efficiency, 493-494
purpose and value of, 494-495
growth of, 495-496
control and management of, 496-498
national government’s work for, 498-499
federal aid to, 499-500
vocational, 507-508
Educational tests for voting, 122-124
Elections, in counties, 169
procedure at, 129-137
corrupt practices at, 137-138
of senators, 267-268
of representatives in Congress, 273-274
presidential, 288-290
See also Ballots, City Government, Voting
Emergency Fleet Corporation, 375
Employers’ liability, 411-412
England, local government in, 227
cabinet system in, 301
Environment, the influence of, 5-9
Equity, origin and nature of, 316-317
Espionage Act, the, 581
Europe, relations with, 613
Evolution, theory of, 1-5
in political institutions, 66
Excess profits, taxation of, 458-459
Exchange, the theory of, 53
Expatriation, the doctrine of, 83
F

Factories. See Industry
Family, as a fundamental social group, 11-12
its place in the evolution of government, 66
Far East, American interests in the, 617-618
Farm Loan Banks, 348-349
Farmers’ Alliance. See National Farmers’ Alliance
Institutes, 350
Farmer-Labor party, 351
Federalism, the nature of, 67-68
Federalist, The, 257
Federal reserve banks, organization and work of, 437-439
Trade Commission, 341-392
Filibusters, 278-279
Filtration of water supplies, 530-531
Fire prevention, the need for, 217-218
methods of, 218-219
Fisheries, economic importance of, 333
Fittest, survival of the, 3-4, 11
Food, the inspection of, 525-526
control of, in war time, 582
Foreign policy, American traditions relating to, 606-607
nature of, 587-590
control of, 590-591
how conducted, 591-602
Forests, economic importance of, 331
See also Reserves
Four Power Treaty, 619-620
Fourteen Points, the, 609-610
France, local government in, 227

Franchises, taxation of, 456
public service, 477-480
Freedom of speech in war time, 581-582
Free silver, the fight for, 428-430
Free trade, arguments for and against, 370-372
G
Garbage, disposal of, 527-528
Gary system, 506-507
General property tax, 455-456
“Gentlemen’s agreement”, with Japan, 32
in industry, 386
Geography, influence of, 8-9, 333-336
George, Henry, social views of, 461 n
Germany, social insurance in, 419
Gerrymander, origin and use of, 273
Gladstone, W. E., opinion of the national constitution, 256-
257
Gompers, Samuel, 405
Government, the importance of, 13
as a factor in production, 51-52
the basis of obedience to, 63-65
origin of, 65-66
classification of, 66-69
purpose of, 70-72
functions of, 72-73
the study of, 74
Governor, position and powers of, 237-238
Grand jury, 318

Granges. See Patrons of Husbandry
Greenbacks, the, 431
Guidance, vocational, 396-397
Guild operation, 488-489
H
Habeas corpus, the writ of, 317 n
Habit, influence of, 10
Hague Conferences, the, 577
Hamilton, Alexander, 255, 257
Report on Manufactures, 370
Hawaii, government of, 229 n
Hayes-Tilden election, 290 n
Highways in counties, 168
Hobbes, Thomas, defender of absolutism, 65
Holding companies, 387
Holy Alliance, 598-599
Home rule, municipal, 187-190
House of Representatives, federal, organization and work of,
272-283
Housing, municipal control of, 531-533
I
Ideals, national, economic influence of, 327
effect of urban growth on, 184-186
Illiteracy in the United States, 502 n
Immigration, the course of, 23-24
causes of, 25-26

effects of, 26-29
restriction of, 29-30, 32
Impeachments, federal, 269-270
Income taxes, 458-459
Increasing returns, law of, 388
Incidence of taxation, 451-452
Individualism as an economic system, 14, 73
Index numbers, 443 n
Industrial accidents, 411-412
courts, 410-411
democracy, 393-394
Revolution, nature of, 383-384
Revolution, effect on labor, 400-401, 414 n
Workers of the World (the I. W. W.), 405
Industry, definition of, 383
development and organization of, 384-386
combinations in, 386-389
government regulation of, 389-393
present-day problems of, 393-397
the hygiene of, 520-521
Inheritances, taxes on, 458
Initiative and referendum, origin and spread of, 107-108
how used, 109-110
value of, 110-111
objections to, 111-112
Injunctions, use of, in labor disputes, 407-408
Insular possessions, government of, 229-230
Insane, problem of the, 549-550
Insects as disease carriers, 518-519
Insurance, against accident, 413
against unemployment, 418

against old age, 419
Interest on invested capital, 49-50
Interior Department, its work, 299 n
International, The, 651-652
International law, nature and scope of, 588-590
Interstate commerce, growth of, 359-361
regulation of, 362-364
Commerce Commission, jurisdiction and work of, 363-364
Interpretation, development of the constitution by, 259-260
J
Jackson, Andrew, removals from office by, 102
Japan, relations with, 618-620
Japanese, problem of the, on Pacific slope, 32-33
Jefferson, Thomas, believer in social contract theory, 65
on entangling alliances, 598, 606
Johnson, Andrew, impeachment of, 270 n
Judicial procedure, 317-323
Judicial supremacy, the doctrine of, 310-311
Judges, selection and removal of, 239-240
Jukes, the, 542-543
Junior high schools and colleges, 502-503
Jury, grand, 318
trial, 318-319
merits and defects of, 317-321
Justice, Department of, its work, 299 n
Juvenile delinquency, 557
K

Kansas plan of arbitration, 410-411
Knights of Labor, 402-403
L
Labor, as a factor in production, 43-44
division of, 44-46
perishable nature of, 46-47
federal department of, 299 n
Labor in agriculture, 349
changes in the conditions of, 400-401
organization of, 401-403
American Federation of, 403-404
the radical element in, 404-405
methods and policies of, 405-410
services of, during the World War, 419-420
relations of, to League of Nations, 637
Latin-America, relations with, 615-617
Law, branches of the, 314-315
military, 573-574
martial, 574-575
relations of labor to, 411
League of Nations, origin of the, 625-630
covenant of, 630-632
as a scheme of government, 632-636
system of mandates, 636-637
relation of labor to, 637
public health work of, 638
American objections to, 638-639
work of, 639-640
relation of Washington Conference to, 640-641
future of, 641-642
relation of Monroe Doctrine to, 600 n
Legislative reference bureaus, 237 n

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