Programming languages
- 1. Dr B T Sampath Kumar Professor Department of Library and Information Science Tumkur University, Tumakuru, INDIA www.sampathkumar.info Programming Languages
- 2. Programming language • A programming language is a formal language, which comprises a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output. • Programming languages are used in computer programming to implement algorithms. • The programming languages consist of instructions for computers.
- 3. Different programming languages Various computer languages used for programming are: • BASIC • FOTRAN • Pascal • C • Java • HTML
- 4. BASIC • BASIC is acronym for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. • This language was developed as a teaching aid for computing at Dart-mouth College, USA. • It is a simple and friendly language which is easy to learn and particularly suitable for the non-specialist user. • BASIC is widely used for commercial, scientific and educational purposes.
- 5. FOTRAN • The name FOTRAN stands for FOrmula TRANslator. • It was developed by IBM and used as a scientific application language.
- 6. COBOL • The name COBOL is derived from COmmon Business Oriented Language. • It is suitable for business applications.
- 7. Pascal • Pascal is a procedural programming language that supports structured programming and data structures to encourage good programming practices. • Pascal was originally developed in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth and is named after the famous French mathematician Blaise Pascal.
- 8. C • At Bell labs, in 1970, Ken Thompson developed a language called B. • This language had several drawbacks. • Later Dennis Ritchie of Bell labs working on a new language incorporating some features of B and some of his own. • This new language is C, which turned out to be a powerful general purpose programming language.
- 9. Java • It is a programming language and computing platform first released by Sun Microsystems in 1995. • It is a general-purpose programming language that is class-based and object-oriented.
- 10. HTML • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. • HTML contains lots of predefined tag. Some of them are described below: – HTML tag: It is the root of the html document which is used to specify that the document is html.
- 11. Cont.. • Head tag: Head tag is used to contain all the head element in the html file. It contains the title, style, meta, … etc tag. • Body tag: It is used to define the body of html document. It contains image, tables, lists, … etc. • Title tag: It is used to define the title of html document.
- 12. Cont.. • Paragraph tag: It is used to define paragraph content in html document. • Bold tag: It is used to specify bold content in html document. • Italic tag: It is used to write the content in italic format. • Underline tag: It is used to set the content underline.
- 13. Cont.. • Ordered List tag: It is used to list the content in a particular order. • Unordered List tag: It is used to list the content without order. • Centre tag: It is used to set the content into the centre. • Font tag: It is used to specify the font size, font colour and font-family in html document.