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Prokaryotic &eukaryotic cells
The document summarizes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria do not have a nucleus or many organelles, while eukaryotic cells found in plants, animals and fungi have a nucleus that houses their DNA and many membrane-bound organelles that perform specialized functions. Some organelles like the cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes are common to both cell types, but eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex with structures like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria that carry out important processes.
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Prokaryotic &eukaryotic cells
- 1. Structure and Function Prokaryotic& Eukaryotic Cells
- 2. Cell Theory saysthat…. 1. All living things are made of Cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things. 3. New cells are only made from existing cells.
- 3. Cells have diversevarieties
- 4. These are twodistinct types of cells with STRUCTURAL differences. Prokaryotes Bacteria Eukaryotes Animal Plant
- 5. Traits of Prokaryotes: 1.They do not have a nucleus, and their genetic material is not stored in the nucleus. 2. They have some organelles( structures), but not many. 3. They are less complicated that eukaryotes. 4. All bacteria are prokaryotes. 5. Most are unicellular, but some prokaryotes are multicellular.
- 6. Traits of Eukaryotes: 1.They all have a nucleus where the genetic material of the cell is stored. 2. They have many organelles that work together to help the cell function.
- 7. More traits ofEukaryotes: 3. Eukaryotic cells are much more complex then prokaryotic cells. 4. They can be just one cell or can make up more complex multi- cellular organisms. 5. All plants, animals, fungi, and protists are eukaryotic cells.
- 8. Prokaryotic and EukaryoticCells In general microbes or microorganisms may be either prokaryotic (bacteria) or eukaryotic (protists, fungi, and some animals).
- 9. Characteristics Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Typesbacteria (monerans) protists, fungi, plants, and animals Organization unicellular usually multicellular (exception some protists) Cell size small (0.1-10um) larger (10-100um) Membrane-bound organelles absent present Reproduction asexual asexual and sexual DNA circular linear Proteins assoc. with DNA Basic Histone Plasma membrane No sterols Sterols Ribosomes 70S 80S Cytoskeleton Absent Present Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in several ways including but not limited to:
- 10. Organelles in Common Both cells contain the following structures: 1. Cell wall 2. Cell Membrane 3. Ribosomes 4. Plasma Membrane 5. Cytoplasm 6. Flagella or cilia 7. Nucleus 8. Mitochondria 9. Vacuoles
- 11. Cell Wall –The Walls *In a plant cell, the cell wall supports and protects the cell. Cell walls are rigid and unbending. They help a plant cell support itself. An animal cell does not have a cell Wall.
- 12. Cell Membrane Cellmembrane Structure Components Arrangement Functions include Barrier Transport (know diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport) Recognition (e.g., self vs. non-self) Reception (for protein hormones) Adhesion
- 13. Ribosomes Structure rRNA Proteins Function Site of protein formation (translation) Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes (different structurally)
- 14. Cytoplasm – TheJelly in the center The cytoplasm in the cell is jelly-like liquid that fills all the empty space in a cell.
- 15. The protoplasm or cytoplasm isthe dense gelatinous solution within the cell membrane that is the primary site for the cell’s biochemical and synthetic processes. The following are found within the protoplasm of the prokaryotic cell:
- 16. Vacuole The vacuoles arethe cell’s storage place where it keeps water, food and waste.
- 17. Genetic Material (DNA) Thegenetic material (DNA) is stored in the nucleus and holds information a cell needs to reproduce itself.
- 18. Nucleus Structure and Function membranesimilar to cell membrane (similar function) Nucleolus (formation of ribosomes) Chromosomes (gene expression) Nucleoplasm (matrix)
- 19. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Structuremembranous system of tunnels and sacs – Rough – with ribosomes on surface – Smooth- no ribosomes on surface • Function – Rough – protein synthesis – Smooth- lipid synthesis
- 20. Golgi Apparatus Structurealso membranous, kind of like a stack of pancakes Function processing of lipids and proteins
- 21. Lysosomes Structure membranebound sac containing hydrolytic enzymes Function digestion
- 22. Mitochondria Structure –cigar- shaped, double membrane-bound organelle Function – Energy transfer by ATP synthesis
- 23. Chloroplast Structure Alsocigar or spindle shaped, double membrane- bound, green Function Site of photosynthesis
- 25. Anticipatory www.discovery.com/tv-shows/other- shows/videos/assignment-discovery- shorts-eukaryote-prokaryotes.htm Video:Eukaryote Prokaryotes 02:30 Assignment Discovery on Discovery Channel educates us on the 2 different cells Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, and their differences.
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