Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher Algorithm for Securing Internet of Things
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The document presents a proposed lightweight block cipher algorithm designed to enhance security in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, addressing the challenges of limited hardware resources. The algorithm features a balanced Feistel network structure with a 64-bit key and has been tested for effectiveness using NIST statistical tests, demonstrating high speed and reasonable security levels. Recommendations for implementation on embedded devices like FPGA and ASIC are also provided to optimize performance and resource efficiency.
Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher Algorithm for Securing Internet of Things
- 1. Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher Algorithm for Securing Internet of Things By: Seddiq Q. Abd Al-Rahman Prof. Dr. Ali Makki Sagheer Dr. Omar A. Dawood The 3rd International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Information Technology 24-25 April 2019
- 2. Outline Internet of Things Lightweight cryptographic Cipher The Proposed Algorithm The Encryption Process Shifting Layer MixColumn Layer Key Scheduling The Decryption Process The Analysis of Algorithm Expermental Results Conclusion & Future Works Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 3. • The of Internet of Things (IoT) is a copy of possibility for the computer applications everywhere. • It has become an inevitable fact and widely applied to life style applications such as smart grid, intelligent transportation, smart security, and smart home. • In addition to these applications, Access cards, bus cards, and some other small applications are applied. Internet of Things Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 4. Internet of Things Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 5. • The aim of applied lightweight cryptography is to use it in equipment with limited requirements (memory, power, size). • Lightweight cipher compensate and make tradeoffs among security, cost, and performance metrics. • There are some design conditions, that should taken into account such as low cost of hardware, low power consumption, and small amount of memory and etc . • This is represents the main challenge in our design to provide security margin in such a low- end device with restricted environment. Lightweight Cryptographic Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 6. Lightweight Cryptographic Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 7. • Block Data: 64-bit • Length of Secret Key: 64-bit • Structure: balance Feistel network. • Round Key: 32-bit • No. Rounds: 24 rounds. The Proposed Algorithm (1-2) Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 8. The Proposed Algorithm (2-2) Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 9. New bit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Old Bit 31 30 29 28 23 22 21 20 7 6 5 4 27 26 25 24 New bit 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Old bit 15 14 13 12 3 2 1 0 11 10 9 8 19 18 17 16 Shifting Layer Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 10. 1. The state is collected as a matrix in (4×2) half bytes. 2. The columns of MDS are consider as polynomials over GF(24) and multiply modulo of (x4+x3+x2+1) with a fixed polynomial. 3. The result matrix (4×2) by multiply polynomial matrix (4×4) with the text matrix (4×2). 4. Return the text one- Dimensional bitwise matrix. MixColumn Layer Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 11. The key schedule takes a 64-bit key as input. The round key Rki at every round is derived from three steps to be generated: left cyclic shift, S-box and bitwise NOT. K = k0 … k63 for i = 0 to 23 do <<<12 S-Box(K) NOT (K) Rki K end for Key Scheduling Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 12. • The Decryption Process are performed on the left side of the algorithm, unlike the encryption process. • The main operations lie in the (F) function with made the same order and the same values as in the encryption process but with different processes in each operation. • The same S-box is used in the Subbyte operation because with self-inverse. • The bits in shifting operation must be returned with the actions used in the encryption operation. The Decryption Process Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 13. • The proposed algorithm is designed in regarding to the restricted hardware resources that fit to the IoT applications. • The 64-bit key that makes a powerful analytical process that scheduling with a little time (high key agility). • This cipher utilizes an elegant structure, in the form of key dependent S-box, that make an unusual dependency among the structure and the key scheduling for subkeys. • An efficient combination of S-box and MixColumn operations was proposed with the same structure to reduce the resources. • The proposal model adopts the Feistel structure with high speed implementation in encryption and decryption structure. Expremintal Analysis Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 14. • NIST statistical tests are used to test the strength of the proposed cipher. All the tests have been applied to the algorithm and give a reasonable results . Results Test Name Proposed Algorithm Frequency (monobit) test 0.073100 Frequency test within a block 0.815961 Runs test 0.134389 Cumulative sums (Cusum) test REVERSE 0.137790 FORWARD 0.196863 Test for the longest run of ones in a block 1.000000 Serial test P-v1 0.113246 P-v2 0.419500 Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 15. • The algorithm is implemented by PC computer of Intel Core i7-4600u at 2.10 GHz processor using Visual Studio .NET C# language with a total execution time of 0.002003 ms for 64-bits. • The proposed algorithm is worked with 64-bit, that meaning the probability of (264) is equal to 18446744073709551616. So, the attackers will need much time and will face high complexity to break the ciphertext. Results Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 16. • The internal round transformation encrypts and decrypts data with the same invertible operations. • The proposed structure works to balance among the triples constraints of the lightweight design Cost, Performance and Security factors. • The proposed cipher submitted a reasonable security level and high-speed implementation with low amount of memory requirement. • It is highly recommended to Implement the proposed lightweight cipher on embedded devices like FPGA, ASIC, and others. • Recommended to Compute the required number of GE and the power consumption, regarding to the proposed cipher operations on FPGA and ASIC. Conclusion & Future Works Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search
- 17. Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher for Securing Internet of Things Title search