Non-ionic substances like mannitol and sorbitol as well as ionic substances like potassium chloride and calcium chloride are commonly used to maintain osmotic pressure in plant cell solutions. Potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium phosphate are ionic substances used, while mannitol is frequently the non-ionic substance chosen. The document also lists the specific quantities of potassium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium iodide, and copper sulfate that are made up to one liter of solution with a pH of 5.8.
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