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Psych104- Special Education
- 3. WHAT IS SPED? - is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students' individual differences and needs.
- 4. SPECIAL EDUCATION…. “It actually putsthe person first before the disability.” “It also describes what the person has, not the person is.”
- 5. SPECIAL EDUCATION isa specialized branch of education.
- 6. Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard (1775 - 1838), the physician who "tamed" the "wild boy of Aveyron,“ Anne Sullivan Macy (1866 - 1936) the teacher who "worked miracles" with Helen Keller,
- 7. From then on, special educators provide instruction specifically tailored to meet individualized needs, making education available to students who otherwise would have limited access to education.
- 8.
- 9. •The ultimate goalof special education shall be the integration or mainstreaming of learners with special needs into the regular school system and eventually in the community.
- 10. •Special education shallaim to develop the maximum potential of the child with special needs to enable him to become self-reliant and shall be geared towards providing him with the opportunities for a full and happy life.
- 11. •The specific objectives ofspecial education shall be the development and maximization of learning competencies, as well as the inculcation of values to make the learners with special needs a useful and effective member of society.
- 12. SPED are forlearners with: Challenges in learning ▪ Intellectual Giftedness ▪ Mental Retardation Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Physical Disabilities ▪ Handicap ▪ Individual Impairment ▪ Visual and Communication challenges Developmental Disorders
- 14. This is aclassification including several disorders in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors. • Dyslexia- reading disability • Aphasia- impairment of language ability • Dyscalculia - math disability • Nonverbal learning disability
- 16. Signs which showemotional and behavioral disorders: a.) Difficulty to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors. b.) Difficulty to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers. c.) Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances. d.) A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression. e.) A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.
- 17. INTERNALIZING DISORDERS EXTERNALIZING DISORDERS Anxiety Attention Deficit Separation Anxiety Hyperactivity Disorder Fears and Phobias (trusting (ADHD) people) Conduct Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Treatment: -Behavior Modification Panic Disorder -Counseling -Medication Treatment: - cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) - pharmaceutical therapy
- 18. A physical disabilityis any impairment which limits the physical function of one or more limbs 3 TYPES: a.) Mobility impairment – This type of disability includes upper limb disability, manual dexterity and disability in co-ordination with different organs of the body. Disability in mobility can either be a congenital or acquired with age problem. This problem could also be the consequence of some disease. b.) Visual impairment – many people suffer vision injuries and impairments. These types of injuries can also result into some severe problems or diseases like blindness and ocular trauma. A common type of visual impairment is a scratched cornea. c.) Hearing impairment - includes people that are completely or partially deaf.
- 19. Students who havebeen diagnosed with a physical disability may require a range of school based services depending on level of need and functioning. A comprehensive assessment is required to inform program planning. Programming decisions are made by the student’s program planning team.
- 20. lifelong disabilities attributableto mental or physical impairments, manifested prior to age 18.
- 21. Common factors causingdevelopmental disabilities include: • Brain injury or infection before, during or after birth; • Growth or nutrition problems (prenatally, perinatally, or postnatally); • Abnormalities of chromosomes and genes; • Birth long before the expected birth date - also called extreme prematurity; • Poor maternal diet and absent or minimal health care; • Drug abuse during pregnancy, including alcohol intake and smoking; • Drug-related prenatal developmental insult, such as thalidomide; • Severe physical maltreatment (child abuse), which may have caused brain injury and which can adversely affect a child's learning abilities and socio-emotional development; • An autism spectrum disorder.
- 22. a.) Mastery model b.)Direct Instruction c.) Classroom adjustments d.) Classroom assistants
- 24. In this approach, students with special educational needs spend all, or at least more than half, of the school day with students who do not have special educational needs.
- 25. refers to the practice of educating students with special needs in classes with non- disabled students during specific time periods based on their skills.
- 26. Students are placed in a separate classroom or special school exclusively for students with special needs: In this model, students with special needs spend no time in classes with non-disabled students. Segregated
- 27. students having one-on-one instruction or group instruction.
- 28. SPECIAL CLASSROOMS/ SELF- SPECIAL SCHOOLS CONTAINED CLASSROOMS -schools catering for students -separate room dedicated who have special educational solely to the education of needs -specifically-designed, staffed students with special needs and resourced within a mainstream -provide individualized school. education -staffed by specially- -student-teacher ratios are trained teachers kept low -have other facilities for the development of children with special needs
- 29. • Have the knowledge of the specific impairment of the child • Aid there special needs • Understand them • Guide them • Be patient on them • Motivate them
- 30. TO ATTAIN THENEEDS OF STUDENTS IN SPED…. 1. be able to deal with students of all ages. 2. Early identification of a child with special needs is an important part of a special education teacher's job. 3. teachers use various techniques to promote learning. 4. teachers ensure that appropriate accommodations are provided 5. The teacher should have the right patience, tolerance, and enthusiasm 6. Teachers should prepare SPED students for daily life.
- 31. TO ATTAIN THENEEDS OF THEIR CHILDREN UNDER SPED…. 1. parents should also be certain that the child understands exactly what special education is so they can better prepare for the success in education that awaits them. 2. By becoming the assertive and actively involved parent, the relationship your child has with the special education teacher can be better assessed. 3. They should be responsible for teaching the positive advantages of special education. 4. Parents must be willing to tolerate the needs of their children.