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Psychological test meaning, concept, need & importance
This document discusses psychological testing. It defines psychological testing as a standardized measure of a person's behavior that is used to observe differences among individuals. It notes that tests measure constructs like abilities, functioning, and personality. The document outlines the objectives, need, importance and types of psychological tests. It describes the major characteristics of tests including standardization, norms, reliability and validity. Finally, it provides examples of commonly used psychological tests.
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Psychological test meaning, concept, need & importance
- 1. Dr. J DSingh Asst. Professor G V (PG) College of Education (CTE) Sangaria-335063, Rajasthan, India Email: [email protected]
- 2. Meaning andconceptMeaning and concept ObjectivesObjectives Need and ImportanceNeed and Importance Types of Psychological TestTypes of Psychological Test Major characteristicsMajor characteristics Selected TestsSelected Tests ConclusionConclusion
- 3. A psychologicaltest is a standardized measure of a sample of a person’s behavior that is used to measure the individual differences that exist among people. A psychological test is an objective and standardized measure of an individual's mental and/or behavioral characteristics.
- 4. A psychologicaltest is a systematic procedure for observing a person’s behavior or performance, describing it with the aid of a numerical scale or category system. Mostly tests are used as a way of measuring differences between people or differences in the same person over time.
- 5. Psychological testing isa field characterized by the use of samples of behavior, most often administered as a series of items in which the individual must give a response, in order to assess psychological construct(s), such as ability, cognitive and emotional functioning, or personality.
- 6. The technicalterm for the science behind psychological testing is psychometrics. Psychometrics is the field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personality traits, and educational measurement.
- 7. Psychological testsare used to assess a variety of mental abilities and attributes, including achievement and ability, personality, and neurological functioning. To measure aspects of mental ability, aptitude or personality of a person It may be Used as part of the recruitment or selection process
- 8. Provide employerswith a method of selecting the most suitable job applicants or candidates for promotion Personality tests are administered for a wide variety of reasons, from diagnosing psychopathology (e.g., personality disorder, depressive disorder) to screening job candidates.
- 9. Psychological testsare used in research, however, most serve a practical purpose such as schooling, job qualifications, etc. may be used as tools in school placement, in determining the presence of a learning disability or a developmental delay in identifying giftedness, or in tracking intellectual development. They may be used in an educational setting to determine personality
- 10. Identifies Weaknessesand Strengths: Norm- referenced and group-administered achievement tests are the most common types administered in schools. Supports Individualized Lesson Plans: Psychological testing in schools can identify students with disabilities or delayed skills and determine their eligibility for receiving individualized lesson plans free of charge to families. Enables Placement Decisions Monitors Progress
- 11. Identifying Disabilities:Learning disabilities can be very hard to identify, but psychological testing helps in detecting areas in which students are having difficulties. Advancement: Psychological testing is also important in helping the school administration and teachers to evaluate students’ academic achievements and make decisions about their advancement. Vocational Ability: The results of a psychological test can also assist parents, teachers and students ascertain the vocational ability of the child.
- 12. There aretwo types of Psychological tests. Mental Ability tests Personality tests Both of these types of tests devided into sub-categories of testing.
- 13. Includes threesubcategories. Intelligence tests- General Aptitude tests- Specific Achievement tests
- 14. Measure general mentalabilities. Measure motives, interests, values, and attitudes They are intended to measure intellectual potential.
- 15. Aptitude Tests -Assesstalent for specific kinds of learning. (clerical speed, mechanical reasoning, etc.)
- 16. Scholastic AptitudeTests Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) American College Testing (ACT) Graduate Record Examination (GRE) Vocational/Career Aptitude Tests Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test Battery (ASVAB) O*NET Ability Profiler Differential Aptitude Test (DAT)
- 17. Gauge a person’s masteryand knowledge of various subjects
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- 19. Standardization Testnorms Standardization group Reliability Correlation coefficient Validity Content validity Criterion-related validity Construct validity
- 20. Standardization isknown as the uniform procedures used in administrating and scoring a test. Test norms: information used to rank scores in relation to other scores on the test.
- 21. Very simply,validity is the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. It refers to the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to Examples What psychologist promoted introspection? Who developed the four mechanisms for dreaming? What school of psychology does Skinner belong to?
- 22. Reliability refers tothe measurement consistency of a test or other techniques. Example You take a personality test and are scored as “assertive”. Three weeks later you take the same test and are scored as “passive”. A drastic change is probably a result of an unreliable test.
- 23. Test-Retest Method Comparingsubjects’ scores on two administrations of a test. Correlation Coefficient A numerical index of the degree of relationship (-1,
- 24. Objective: Thescore must not affected by the testers' beliefs or values Standardized: Must be administered under controlled conditions Reliable: Must minimize and quantify any intrinsic errors Predictive: Must make an accurate prediction of performance Test Norms: The average test score within a large group of people where the performance of one individual can be compared to the results of others by establishing a point of comparison or frame of reference. Non Discriminatory: Must not disadvantage any group on the basis of gender, culture, ethnicity, etc.
- 25. 16 PF:measures 16 basic personality traits Stanford-Binnet intelligence scales OPQ32 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents (MMPI-A) Gordon’s Personal Profile Inventory Rorschach Ink-Blot Test FIRO-B Children Apperception Test Thematic Apperception Tests (TAT)
- 26. Psychological testing isa series of test that measure traits. It also measures feelings, beliefs and abilities that can possibly lead to peoples problems. It is helpful to know the test results. As part of a psychological test a tool is used, which can detect psychological characteristics, such as, current conditions, or endurance characteristics of persons, groups or organizations.
- 27. You are most Welcome Forraising Questions relating to the theme
- 28.