PTSD
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PTSD, also known as "soldier's heart," is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event where serious physical harm was threatened. In PTSD, the normal fear response remains activated even when no longer in danger. Symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event through thoughts and flashbacks, avoiding reminders, and feeling in a constant state of hyperarousal. Complex PTSD involves prolonged trauma exposure and long-term problems with emotions and social functioning. Treatment involves psychotherapy like exposure therapy and cognitive restructuring, as well as medication in some cases. Social support from family and friends is also important for treatment.
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PTSD
- 1. PTSD "soldier's heart "
- 2. defini t ion
- 3. Anxiety disorder after exposure to terrifying event in which grave physical harm was threatened definition
- 4. Fear triggers split-second changes in body to defend against danger or avoid it definition
- 5. This “fight-or-flight” response is healthy meant to protect person from harm definition
- 6. In PTSD, reaction is changed or damaged - one may feel stressed or frightened even when no longer in danger definition
- 7. Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (C-PTSD) prolonged exposure to traumatic event; long-lasting problems of emotional & social functioning definition
- 8. f a cts
- 9. Women sexually abused at earlier ages more likely to develop C-PTSD facts
- 10. Up to 100% of children who endured sexual abuse tend to develop facts
- 11. Women twice as likely as men to develop facts
- 12. Approximately 7%-8% of US likely develop in lifetime facts
- 13. symp t oms
- 14. Persistent frightening thoughts and memories of ordeal symptoms
- 15. Feel emotionally numb , especially with people once close to symptoms
- 16. Children and teens can have extreme reactions to trauma, symptoms may not be the same as adults symptoms
- 17. Re-experiencing… problems in everyday routine can start from own thoughts, feelings, words, objects, or situations flashbacks - reliving trauma over and over, including physical symptoms like a racing heart or sweating; bad dreams symptoms
- 18. Avoidance… avoiding places, events, or objects reminders of experience strong guilt, depression, or worry losing interest in activities enjoyable in past trouble remembering event symptoms
- 19. Hyper Arousal… easily startled feeling “on edge” difficulty sleeping angry outbursts usually constant symptoms
- 20. C-PTSD… Problems regulating feelings Suicidal thoughts Passive aggressive behaviors Feel detached from one's life (dissociation) or body (depersonalization) Persistent feelings of helplessness, shame, guilt Feeling completely different from others symptoms
- 21. Often co-occurs with… Depression Substance abuse disorder Bipolar disorder (manic depression) Eating disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) Panic disorder Social anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder symptoms
- 22. diagn o sis
- 23. To be diagnosed person must have all of the following for at least 1 month … diagnosis
- 24. At least one re-experiencing symptom diagnosis
- 25. At least three avoidance symptoms diagnosis
- 26. At least two hyperarousal symptoms diagnosis
- 27. Not everyone who lives through a dangerous event gets PTSD - in fact, most will not get the disorder diagnosis
- 28. fac t ors
- 29. Risk factors make a person more likely to get PTSD factors
- 30. Resilience factors reduce risk of the disorder factors
- 31. Factors present before trauma and others become important during and after traumatic event factors
- 32. factors Risk factors include… Living through dangerous trauma History of mental illness Feeling helplessness or extreme fear Little or no social support after event Dealing with extra stress after event
- 33. factors Resilience factors include… Seeking out support from others Support group after traumatic event Feeling good about actions in face of danger Having coping strategy and learning from it Being able to act and respond effectively despite feeling fear
- 34. treat m ent
- 35. Main Treatments… Psychotherapy (“talk” therapy) Medications Or both treatment
- 36. Psychotherapy can occur one-on-one or in group treatment
- 37. Talk therapy usually lasts 6 to 12 weeks or more treatment
- 38. Research shows support from family and friends an important part of therapy treatment
- 39. Exposure Therapy… Helps face and control fear Exposes to trauma in safe way Mental imagery, writing, or visits to place where event happened treatment
- 40. Cognitive Restructuring… Helps make sense of bad memories Sometimes remember event differently than how happened May feel guilt or shame about what is not fault treatment
- 41. Stress Inoculation Training… Teaches how to reduce anxiety Helps look at memories in healthy way treatment
- 42. hel p ing
- 43. To help a friend… Offer emotional support, understanding, patience, and encouragement Talk and listen carefully Be understanding of situations that trigger symptoms helping
- 44. To help a friend… Invite friend to positive distractions (walks, outings, fishing) Remind friend, with time and treatment, she can get better Never ignore comments about harming herself and report comments to doctor helping
- 45. To help yourself… Talk to doctor Engage in activity Set realistic goals Break large tasks into small ones helping
- 46. To help yourself… Spend time with people, confide in trusted friend Tell others about symptom triggers Expect symptoms to improve gradually Identify & seek comforting situations, places, & people helping
- 47. Mental Health Resources… psychiatrist – psychologist - social worker - counselor - community mental health center - outpatient clinic - universities - family service or social agency - peer support group - private clinic - employee assistance - local medical or psychiatric society - National Alliance for Mentally Ill - National Mental Health Assoc - PTSD Info Hotline - PTSD Sanctuary - Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network Resources
- 48. For more information… National Library of Medicine National Institute of Mental Health “ PTSD in Children & Adolescents: A National Center for PTSD Fact Sheet” “ Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults” “ Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience & vulnerability: implications for successful adaptation to extreme stress” “ Clinical response & risk for reported suicidal ideation & suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials” “ Journal of the American Medical Association” “ Trends in mental illness & suicidality after Hurricane Katrina” “ Social, psychological, & psychiatric interventions following terrorist attacks: recommendations for practice & research” “ Neuropsychopharmacology” “ Assessment and treatment of adult acute responses to traumatic stress following mass traumatic events” “ Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)” “ Cochrane Database” “ A Randomized, Controlled Proof-of-Concept Trial of an Internet-Based, Therapist-Assisted Self-Management Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder” Resources
- 49. PTSD "soldier's heart "