Putting Your Data on a Map

Putting Your Data on the Map
Geospatial Data Manipulation and 
Visualisation for Digital Humanities
Shawn Day - 16 February 2015

Objectives
‣ To briefly explore the concepts behind creation,
manipulation and presentation of scholarly research
using spatial visualisations;
‣ To engage in free and informal discussion about how
these might be employed in your own research;
‣ Most of all: Inspire and Imagine.

Agenda
‣ What Do Great GeospatialVisualisations Look Like?
‣ What Core Concepts UnderlieWorking with Spatial Data?
‣ Where Does the Data Come From?
‣ What DoYou Need to Do to Put it On a Map?
‣ A Smattering of Tools
‣ Discussion

Herodotus Time Map
http://hestia.open.ac.uk/herodotus/basic.html

Google Ancient PlacesVisualisation
http://gap.alexandriaarchive.org/gapvis

NewspapersWest
‣ RuralWest Initative
‣ Bill Lane Centre
‣ for the
‣ USWest

What is Geospatial?
‣ More than GIS
‣ Its all about Space *and* Place - Context
‣ Geovisualisation?
‣ Geoparsing?

What is Geospatial Not?
‣ Automatic (although that’ll get closer later in the this
afternoon ;-)

Starting with aWee Glossary
‣ Georeference
‣ Geoparse
‣ Geotag
‣ Geocode
‣ Geolocate
‣ GPS
‣ GIS
‣ Projection
‣ Geovisualisation
‣ Geosearch
‣ Gazateer

Georeferencing
‣ Identify a place in space
‣ Usually a minimum of Longitude, Latitude, Altitude
‣ Location: 54.583805, -5.9317343

Geoparsing
‣ Identifying as a place as opposed to another type of
entity within a body of text
‣ To assign geographic identifiers to words and phrases in
unstructured content
‣ Useful Services: Metacarta / Calais / CalaisFull
‣ “Software “reads” documents and web pages in a human-
like way to identify geographic terms and references
using natural language processing (NLP)”

Geotag
‣ Add geographical reference information to media such as
photographs, video, websites, blog posting, etc.
www.geoimgr.com/

Geocoding
‣ Forward Geocoding:
‣ The process of finding geographic coordinates from address
data
‣ Batching?
‣ Reverse Geocoding:
‣ Matching geographic coordinates to augmented information
in a human readable form

Geolocating
‣ Assessing the location of a real world object based on IP-
address, or mobile connection to the internet

Global Positioning Systems
‣ Series of US Defense Department Satellites in Orbit that
allow for accurate positioning in three dimensions
‣ Additional services available from GLONAS (Russia) and
emerging GALILEO (Europe) and COMPASS (China)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
‣ GIS can display spatial data hidden in tables and
databases
‣ Create detailed and intelligent maps
‣ Integrate data to reveal trends and relationships that
bring new perspectives to previously held beliefs about
people and places
‣ Research questions in the humanities often involve a
spatial component that only GIS can expose
‣ HistoricalGIS

Projection
‣ Conformal projection primarily preserves shape;
‣ Equidistant projection primarily preserves distance;
‣ Equal-area projection primarily preserves area.

Geovisualisation
‣ A paractice involving the presentation of geographic data
and concepts through interactive visualisation.
‣ It’s what we do today.

Kai Krause
http://kai.subblue.com/images/True-Size-of-Africa-kk-v3.pdf

Gazateer (Digital)
‣ Topographic 
Dictionary
‣ Database
‣ List
‣ Concordance

Geospatial Standards
‣ KML
‣ GeoJSON
‣ GML
‣ GeoRSS
‣ GPSX
‣ Boundary File (shapefile)

Keyhole Markup Language KML
‣ A language for the visualisation of geographic
information
‣ Placemarks
‣ Ground Overlays
‣ Paths
‣ Polygons
‣ Styles
‣ Google Earth
‣ Can be embedded in TEI

Sample KML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<kml xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2">
<Document>
<Placemark>
<name>New York City</name>
<description>New York City</description>
<Point>
<coordinates>-74.006393,40.714172,0</coordinates>
</Point>
</Placemark>
</Document>
</kml>

GeoJSON
‣ A format for encoding a variety of geographic data
structures;
‣ Unlike the other standards mentioned, GeoJSON is
written and maintained by an Internet working group of
developers;
‣ It’s Open;
‣ http://geojson.org.

GeoJSON
‣ Geometry Objects
‣ Positions
‣ Point/MultiPoint
‣ Line/MultiLineString
‣ Polygon/MultiPolygon
‣ Geometry Collection
‣ Feature Objects
‣ Feature Collection Objects
‣ Lists of geometries are
represented by a
GeometryCollection.
‣ Geometries with
additional properties are
Feature objects.
‣ Lists of features are
represented by a
FeatureCollection.

GeoJSON Example
{ "type": "GeometryCollection",
"geometries": [
{ "type": "Point",
"coordinates": [100.0, 0.0]
},
{ "type": "LineString",
"coordinates": [ [101.0, 0.0], [102.0, 1.0] ]
}
]

Geography Markup Language GML
‣ Adopted by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
‣ Can be embedded in TEI

GML
‣ Feature
‣ Geometry
‣ Coordinate Reference
System
‣ Topology
‣ Time
‣ Dynamic feature Coverage
‣ Unit of measure
‣ Directions
‣ Observations
‣ Map presentation styling
rules

GML Example
<PhotoCollection xmlns="http://www.myphotos.org" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.myphotos.org
MyGoodPhotos.xsd">
<items>
<Item>
<name>Lynn Valley</name>
<description>A shot of the falls from the suspension bridge</description>
<where>North Vancouver</where>
<position>
<gml:Point srsDimension="2" srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326">
<gml:pos>49.40 -123.26</gml:pos>
</gml:Point>
</position>
</Item>
</items>
</PhotoCollection>

What Sort of Packages Use Geo Standards
‣ OpenLayers;
‣ Leaflet;
‣ MapServer;
‣ Geoforge;
‣ GeoServer;
‣ GeoDjango;
‣ CartoDB
‣ UMap;
‣ Google Maps.

Place and the TEI
‣ Guidelines found in 13.2.3 Place Names and 13.3.4
Places in P5
‣ First concerns naming of place (duh!) and the second the
locating of the place in space (a little more complex)
‣ Placename
‣ <placeName @type/> or <geogName @type/>
‣ Place
‣ <place><placeName @type><location><geo/></location></
placename></place>

Place Naming
‣ placeName contains an absolute or relative place name
to a geo-political reference.
‣ <placeName/ @key>
‣ eg.  
<placeName key=”FO-01”> 
<settlement type=””town”>OFFOY 
</settlement> 
<country type=”nation”>France 
</country> 
</placeName>
<placeName/>
district
settlement
region
country
bloc
@key @type

Steps
1. Collect Data
2. Georeference
3. Geoparse
4. Transform
5. Map
6. Munge
7. Analyse
8. Present
9. Refine

Experiment 1
‣ Question: Where do you all come from??
‣ I have a list
‣ I added cities to it
‣ Cities Geoparsed in GPSVisualizer
‣ Export as CSV
‣ Import to UMap
‣ Embed in Blog
‣ Prettify

Step 3.2: Add Today’s Attendees

Step 3.5:Who Came to the LastWorkshop?

‣ http://umap.openstreetmap.fr/en/map/anonymous-edit/
28857%3AZ9AgUoghX7FeLbOWS3Ya-mWKcyE

A Real An Intriguing UMap Example

UMap
‣ Help and More Info
‣ http://umap.openstreetmap.fr
‣ http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/
UMap#Feedback_and_help

Experiment 2
‣ Where Do I Find Belfast and Dublin?
‣ Use Edina UnLock to query Gazateers
‣ Generate a Datafile
‣ Inspect
‣ Place onto UMap
‣ Break into Layers
‣ Adjust Properties
‣ Capture for Sharing

Step 1: Using a Digital Gazetteer
‣
{
‣
"type": "FeatureCollection",
‣
"features": [
‣
{
‣
"type": "Feature",
‣
"id": "4568138",
‣
"bbox": [-0.12883, 51.50051, -0.12883, 51.50051],
‣
"properties": {
‣
"name": "London",
‣
"sourceid": "2643743",
‣
"country": "United Kingdom",
‣
"countrycode": "GB",
‣
"adminlevel1": "England",
‣
"adminlevel2": "Greater London",
‣
"adminlevel3": "",
‣
"adminlevel4": "",
‣
"featuretype": "Capital of a Political Entity",
‣
"unlockFeatureCode": "GN.P.PPLC",
‣
"custodian": "GeoNames",
‣
"gazetteer": "GeoNames",
‣
"scale": "unknown",
‣
"centroid": "-0.12883, 51.50051",
‣
"population": "7556900",
‣
"altidentifiers": [9654368, 9679],
‣
"footprint": "http://unlock.edina.ac.uk/ws/footprintLookup?format=json&identifier=4568138"
‣
}
‣
},
‣
{
‣
"type": "Feature",
‣
"id": "4753",
‣
"bbox": [0.34303968256350553, 51.27823964309304, -0.5145139108357116,
51.697124957394415],
‣
"properties": {
‣
"name": "London Euro Region",
‣
"sourceid": "41428",
‣
"country": "United Kingdom",
‣
"countrycode": "GB",

Experiment 3
‣ I already have data - what can I do with it?
‣ batchgeo.com?

Summarising
‣ Hopefully it seems easier now than it may have at the
outset
‣ It’s not automatic
‣ Tools works together
‣ Data Sharing
‣ Sustainability
‣ Ease of Use
‣ Extensibility
‣ Applicability

Upcoming Seminars
‣ 20 February - Creating Lightweight Digital Maps with
GeoJSON
‣ 5/6 March - DataVisualisation in the Digital Humanities
‣ 23 March - Using Google Tools for Digital Humanities
Scholarship
‣ 20 April - Requirements Engineering for Humanities/
Social Science Scholars
‣ May - Digital Project Management

Thanks
Shawn Day
@iridium
s.day@qub.ac.uk
http://qubdh.co.uk

Putting Your Data on a Map

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