Python 入門初體驗(程式語法)
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This document provides examples of using Python code to demonstrate basic Python syntax and functionality. It shows how to define variables, perform arithmetic operations and print output with different data types including integers, floats, strings, lists, and complex numbers. It also demonstrates indexing, slicing and modifying list elements as well as built-in functions like len(), int(), float(), round() and str().
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>>> print ('§Ú¨S³Qµù¸Ñ¡I')
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>>> print ('ǢǢǢǢ')
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>>> n = 9
>>> m = 10
>>> ''' print( '±q³o¦æ¶}©l" )
>>> n = 0
>>> m = 1
>>> print( '¤@ª½µù¸Ñ¨ì³oÃä' ) '''
>>> print ( n, m )
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>>> x=6
>>> print x
6
>>> print x+2
8
>>> y='abc'
>>> print y+'def'
abcdef
>>> y=y+'def'
>>> print y
abcdef
>>> z=2.3
>>> print z+x
8.3
python ªº¼Æȸê®Æ«¬ºA¦³¤TºØ¡G¾ã¼Æ(integer)¡B¯BÂI¼Æ(float)¤Î½Æ¼Æ(complex number)¡C
¾ã¼Æ¤Î¯BÂI¼Æ¥i¥Hª½±µ¶i¦æ¥|«h¹Bºâ¡B¾l¼Æ¹Bºâ¤Î«ü¼Æ¹Bºâ¡A¨t²Î·|¦Û°ÊÂà
´«¬°½d³ò¤jªº«¬ºA¡C
>>> 10+2
12
>>> 4.5+6
10.5
>>> 2**3
8
>>> 2^5
7
>>> 2.5/5
0.5
>>> 16**0.25
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>>> 3/2
1
>>> 3.0/2
1.5
>>> 3/2.0
1.5
>>> 10.0/3
3.3333333333333335
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´«¬°¾ã¼Æint()©Î¨ú¯BÂI¼Æ¦³®Ä¦ì¼Æround()¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A¦p¡G
>>> x=0.1
>>> print x
0.1
>>> x**10
1.0000000000000006e-10
>>> x**50
1.0000000000000027e-50
¾ã¼Æ»P¯BÂI¼ÆªºÂà´«¥i¥H§Q¥Îint( )»Pfloat( )¨âÓ¨ç¼Æ¨Ó§¹¦¨¡C
>>> x=4.9
>>> int(x)
4
>>> y=5
>>> float(y)
5.0
>>> z=float(y)/x
>>> z
1.0204081632653061
>>> round(z,5)
1.02041
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>>> x=1+4j
>>> print x
(1+4j)
>>> y=2+3j
>>> y
(2+3j)
>>> x+y
(3+7j)
>>> x*y
(-10+11j)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-2-320.jpg)
![>>> x+6
(7+4j)
>>> x**2
(-15+8j)
>>> y**2
(-5+12j)
Yn³æ¿W¨ú¥X½Æ¼Æªº¹ê³¡©Îµê³¡¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îreal¤Îimag¨âÓÄÝ©Ê¡C
>>> x.real
1.0
>>> x.imag
4.0
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ӲŸ¹Åã¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡C
>>> x='Hello Eric'
>>> print x
Hello Eric
>>> x='Hello, I'm Eric'
>>> print x
Hello, I'm Eric
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>>> x='Hello, n I'm Eric'
>>> print x
Hello,
I'm Eric
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>>> x='Hello,
... I'm Eric'
>>> print x
Hello, I'm Eric
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>>> x='''Hello,
... I'm Eric'''
>>> x
"Hello,nI'm Eric"
>>> print x
Hello,
I'm Eric
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>>> x='Hello, '
>>> y='Eric'
>>> print x+y
Hello, Eric
>>> z='Hello, ' 'Eric'
>>> z](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-3-320.jpg)
!['Hello, Eric'
>>> print x*5+y*5
Hello, Hello, Hello, Hello, Hello, EricEricEricEricEric
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>>> z=x y
File "<stdin>", line 1
z=x y
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> z=x+y
>>> z
'Hello, Eric'
>>> i=9
>>> print i+x
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'
>>> print str(i)+x
9Hello,
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>>> z='Hello, Eric'
>>> z[3]
'l'
>>> z[0:4]
'Hell'
>>> z[:4]
'Hell'
>>> z[4:]
'o, Eric'
>>> z[-3]
'r'
>>> z[0:3]+z[5:]
'Hel, Eric'
npºâ¦r¦êªºªø«×¡A¥i¥Îlen( )¨ç¼Æ¨Ópºâ¡C
>>> z
'Hello, Eric'
>>> len(z)
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>>> s='abcdefghijklmno'
>>> s[1:10:2]
'bdfhj'
python ¦r¦êªºUnicode½s½X
Unicode¡]¤¤
¤å¡G¸U°ê½X¡B°ê»Ú½X¡B²Î¤@½X¡B³æ¤@½X¡^¬O¹q¸£¬ì¾Ç»â°ì¸Ìªº¤@¶µ·~¬É¼Ð·Ç¡C¥¦¹ï¥@¬É¤W¤j
³¡¤Àªº¤å¦r¨t²Î¶i¦æ¤F¾ã²z¡B½s½X¡A¨Ï±o¹q¸£¥i¥H¥Î§ó¬°Â²³æªº¤è¦¡¨Ó§e²{©M³B²z¤å¦r¡C
¦bpython 2.7ª©¤¤¡A¹w³]ªº¦r¦ê®æ¦¡¬°ASCII½s½X¡A¦pªG-
n¥Hunicodeªº½s½X®æ¦¡¨ÓÀx¦s¦r¦ê¡A¥²¶·¦b¦r¦êªº³Ì«e±¥[¤W 'u' ªº«e¸m¦r¤¸¡A¦p¡G
>>> z='Hello, Eric'
>>> r=u'Hello, Eric'
>>> r
u'Hello, Eric'
>>> z
'Hello, Eric'
>>> chin=u'³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê'
>>> chin
u'u9019u662fu4e00u500bu4e2du6587u5b57u4e32'
>>> achin='³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê'
>>> achin
'xb3oxacOxa4@xadxd3xa4xa4xa4xe5xa6rxa6xea'
>>> print chin
³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê
>>> print achin
³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê
¹ïunicode½s½Xªº¦r¦ê¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ä«¬¦¡¦p¦P 'uXXXX'
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info/unicode.html¡@¡C
>>> a=u'u0040'
>>> print a
@
python ªºList¸ê®Æ«¬ºA
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>>> lst=[1,2,'abc',3.4,5+6j]
>>> lst
[1, 2, 'abc', 3.4, (5+6j)]
>>> lst[4]
(5+6j)
>>> lst[3:]
[3.4, (5+6j)]
>>> lst[1:3]
[2, 'abc']
>>> lst[1:3]=[5,6]
>>> lst](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-5-320.jpg)
![[1, 5, 6, 3.4, (5+6j)]
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[¨ì§ÀºÝ¡A«h¥i¥H§Q¥Îappend©Îextend¨âºØ¤èªk¨Ó¹F¦¨¡A¦ý¦¹¨âÓ¤èªk¬O¤£
¤@¼Ëªº¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¤U±¨Ò¤l¡A¤À¿ë¥¦Ìªº¤£¦P¡C
>>> x=[1,2,3]
>>> y=[4,5,6]
>>> z=[a,b,c]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'b' is not defined
>>> z=['a','b','c']
>>> x+y
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> x
[1, 2, 3]
>>> r=x+y
>>> r
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> x.append(y)
>>> x
[1, 2, 3, 'abc', [4, 5, 6]]
>>> x.extend(y)
>>> x
[1, 2, 3, 'abc', [4, 5, 6], 4, 5, 6]
Listªº±Æ§Ç¥i¥H¥Îreverse( )¨ç¼Æ©Î¬O.sort(reverse=True)¨Ó¹F¦¨
>>> x
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> x.sort(reverse=True)
>>> x
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
>>> x
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
>>> x.reverse()
>>> x
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
List Comprehension¡@ªí¦C¸ÑªR¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H§Q¥Îfor °j°é¨Ó?¦¨¡C
l=[x**2 for x in range(10)]
>>> l
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
python ªºtuple¸ê®Æ«¬ºA
python ªºtuple¸ê®Æ«¬ºA»PList«D±`Ãþ¦ü¡A¬O¥Î¥ª¥k¨âÓ¬A¸¹ ' ( '»P ' ) '±N¤¸¯À¥]¦b¨ä¤
¤¡A¨ä»PList³Ì¤jªº®t§O¦b©ó¤@¦ý¨M©w¤F¤¸¯Àªº¤º®e¡A´N¤£¥i¥HÅܧó¡A¤
£¹³List¤@¼Ë¥i¥HÀH®Éקï¡C
>>> x=[1,2,3]
>>> y=(4,5,6)
>>> x[2]
3
>>> y[2]
6](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-6-320.jpg)
![>>> x
[1, 2, 3]
>>> x[2]=99
>>> x
[1, 2, 99]
>>> y[2]=99
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
pythonªºdict¸ê®Æ«¬ºA
¦bpythonªºListªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¤¤¡A¨CÓ¤¸¯À¥H¥¦©Ò¦bªº¦ì¸m§Ç¸¹§@¬°¯Á¤Þ-
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È¡C
dict¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¬O¥Î¥ª¥k¤j¬A¸¹ ' { ' ¡B' } ' ±N¸ê®Æ¥]§t¦b¨ä¤¤¡A¨Ã¥Î³r¸¹ ' , '
¨Ó§@¬°°Ï¹j¡A¨CÓkey-value¬O¥H«_¸¹ ' : ' ¨Ó¶i¦æ°t¹ï¡A¦p¡G
>>> dic={'name':'eric','phone':'0900000000','email':'a@b.c.d'}
>>> dic
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
dict¸ê®Æ«¬ºAªºkeyȤ@©wn¬O¦r¦ê¸ê®Æ¡AvalueÈ«h¥i¥H¬O¥ô¦ó¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡C
dict¤]¥i¥H¥ÑListªº°t¹ïtuple¸ê®ÆÂà´«¦Ó¨Ó¡A¨ä¤¤tuple²Ä¤@Ó¤¸¯À·|Âà´«¬°key¡A²Ä¤G-
Ó¤¸¯À·|Âà´«¦¨value
>>> x=[('name','eric'),('phone','0900000000'),('email','a@b.c.d')]
>>> y=dict(x)
>>> y
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
>>> y['phone']
'0900000000'
¥t¥~¤]¥i¥H¥Îzipªº¤è¦¡±N¨âÓ¦P¼Æ¶q¤£¦PListÂà´«¦¨¤@Ódict¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡A¦p¡G
>>> x=['name','phone','email']
>>> y=['eric','0900000000','a@b.c.d']
>>> z=zip(x,y)
>>> z
[('name', 'eric'), ('phone', '0900000000'), ('email', 'a@b.c.d')]
>>> dict(z)
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
>>> z
[('name', 'eric'), ('phone', '0900000000'), ('email', 'a@b.c.d')]
>>> r=dict(z)
>>> r
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
¥t¥~¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H±NdictÂà´«¦¨Listªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡C
>>> t=r.items()
>>> t
[('phone', '0900000000'), ('name', 'eric'), ('email', 'a@b.c.d')]
Y§ÚÌn¨ú¥Xdictªºkey©ÎvalueȮɡA¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îkeys( )¤Îvalues( )¨âÓ¤èªk¨Ó¨ú¥X¡A¦p
>>> r
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
>>> r.keys()](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-7-320.jpg)
![['phone', 'name', 'email']
>>> r.values()
['0900000000', 'eric', 'a@b.c.d']
Yn§R°£¬Y¤@¹ïkey-value²Õ¦X®É¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îdel«ü¥O¡A¦p¡G
>>> r
{'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
>>> del r['name']
>>> r
{'phone': '0900000000', 'email': 'a@b.c.d'}
python ªº¥¬ªL¸ê®Æ«¬ºA»PªÅÈ
python ¤¤nªí¥Ü¥¬ªL¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎTrue¤ÎFalse¨Óªí¥Ü¡A¦b±±¨î¬yµ{¤¤¡A·|¨Ï¥Î¥¬ªL-
ȨӧPÂ_¬O§_¶i¤J°j°é¡C
>>> t=True
>>> type(t)
<type 'bool'>
>>> r=False
>>> r
False
Noneªí¥ÜÅܼƬOªÅÈ¡A¨ä¬Û·í©óJavaªºnull¡C
>>> x
['name', 'phone', 'email']
>>> x=None
>>> x
python ªº¬yµ{±±¨î
python ¦b°õ¦æµ{¦¡®É¡A³£¬O¨Ì·Óµ{¦¡½Xªº¶¶§Ç¥Ñ¤W¦Ó¤U°õ¦æ¡AY¹J¨ìµ{¦¡»Ýn°µ§PÂ_¡B©Î»Ý-
n¤ÏÂаõ¦æ¬Y´X¦æµ{¦¡½X®É¡A´N»Ýn§ïÅܵ{¦¡°õ¦æªº¬yµ{¡C
if ±ø¥ó§PÂ_¦¡
·í»Ýn°µ±ø¥ó§PÂ_®É¡A´N¥²¶·¨Ï¥Î if ªº±ø¥ó§PÂ_¡A¦p¡G
>>> x=30
>>> if x>30:
... print 'x is more than 30.'
>>> elif x==30:
... print 'x is equal to 30.'
>>> else:
... print 'x is small than 30.'
>>> ...
x is equal to 30.
if ªº±ø¥ó§PÂ_¥i·f°t elif ¤Î else ¨Ó§PÂ_¨ä¥¦ªº±ø¥ó¡C¨C¤@ӲŦX±ø¥óªº°Ï¶ô¥H "¡G"
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if / else ¤T¤¸¹Bºâ¦¡
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![>>> else:
... A=Z
>>> x=1
>>> if x:
... a=2
... else:
... a=3
...
>>> a
2
>>> b=2 if x else 3
>>> b
2
>>> x=0
>>> b=2 if x else 3
>>> b
3
>>> if <±ø¥ó1 > :
... #±Ôz1
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... #±Ôz2
>>> else :
... #±Ôz
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... print i
... i+=1
...
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3
4
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6
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>>> x
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> for i in x:
... print i
...
0
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2
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>>> for k,v in dic.items():
... print 'dic[%s]=%s'%(k,v)
...
>>> dic[name]=eric
>>> dic[email]=eric@gmail.com
>>>
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... print i
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...
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4
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... print x
...
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¡A¨ä¥Îªk¦p¤U¡G¡@
>>> while True:
... reply=raw_input('Enter number:')
... if reply=='stop': break
... try:
... num=int(reply)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-10-320.jpg)
![... except:
... print 'Bad!'*8
... else:
... print int(reply)**2
... print 'Bye'
°õ¦æµ²ªG¡G
python trySample.py
Enter number:8
64
Enter number:9
81
Enter number:ee
Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!
Enter number:i
Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!
Enter number:stop
Bye
example :
¦p¦ó¥Îfor¤Îif/elseªº§PÂ_¦¡¡A¼g¥X¤U¦C¹Ï¥Ü
*
***
*****
*******
*****
***
*
Ans:
>>> intMaxSize=7
... for i in range(1,intMaxSize*2+1,2):
... if i>intMaxSize: print '*'*(intMaxSize-(i-intMaxSize))
... else: print '*'*i
is ¥Îªk
>>> 'abc' is 'qoo'
False
is not ¥Îªk
>>> 'banana' is not 'apple'
True
in ¥Îªk
>>> 'a' in 'apple'
True
¯S®í¦r¤¸
d # ¼Æ¦r = [0-9]
D # «D¼Æ¦r =[ ^0-9 ]
s # ªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸ = [ tnrfv]
S # «DªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸ = [^ tnrfv]
w # ¦r¥À»P¼Æ¦r =[0-9a-zA-Z]
W # «D¦r¥À»P¼Æ¦r = [^0-9a-zA-Z]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-11-320.jpg)
![µ{¦¡½d¨Ò1
# * = {0,} = 0~µL¦¸
>>> import re
>>> print(re.findall('ab*', '1add2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0~n
>>> print(re.findall('ab*', '1aabbbbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0~n
>>> print(re.findall('ab{0,}', '1babbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0~n
>>> print(re.findall('1[D]*', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1¶}ÀY¡A«á-
±«D¼Æ¦rªø«×¬°0~n
>>> print(re.findall('1*c', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1ªø«×¬°0~n¡A«á±¥X²{c
['a'] ['a', 'abbbbb'] ['abbb'] ['1abc'] ['c']
µ{¦¡½d¨Ò2
# + = {1,} = 1~µL¦¸
>>> import re
>>> print(re.findall('ab+', '1add2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°1~n
>>> print(re.findall('ab+', '1aab2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°1~n
>>> print(re.findall('ab{1,}', '1babbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°1~n
>>> print(re.findall('1[D]+', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1¶}ÀY¡A«á-
±«D¼Æ¦rªø«×¬°0~n
>>> print(re.findall('w+', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä¦r¥À»P¼Æ¦r¡Aªø«×¬°1~n
>>> print(re.findall('[a-b1]+', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä¦r¥Àa-b©Î1¡Aªø«×¬°1~n
[] ['ab'] ['abbb'] ['1abc'] ['1abc2'] ['1ab']
µ{¦¡½d¨Ò3
# ? = {0,1} = 0©Î1¦¸
>>> import re
>>> print(re.findall('ab?', '1add2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0©Î1
>>> print(re.findall('ab?', '1aab2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0©Î1
>>> print(re.findall('ab?', '1babbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0©Î1
>>> print(re.findall('1[D]?', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1¶}ÀY¡A«á-
±«D¼Æ¦rªø«×¬°0©Î1
>>> print(re.findall('[a-b]', '1abc2')) # ´M§äa©Îb
['a'] ['a', 'ab'] ['ab'] ['1a'] ['a', 'b']
µ{¦¡½d¨Ò4
# ^ = ¦r¦êªº¶}ÀY (¥Î¦b¤¤¬A¸¹¤ºªº¤~¬O "«D" [^ ])
>>> import re
>>> print(re.findall('^a', 'abc123')) # ¥Ha¬°¶}ÀYªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('^1', 'abc123')) # ¥H1¬°¶}ÀYªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('^D', 'abc123')) # «D¼Æ¦r¶}ÀYªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('^[D]+', 'abc123')) # «D¼Æ¦r¶}ÀY¡Aªø«×¬°1~n¦¸
>>> print(re.findall('^w+', 'abc123')) #
¦r¥À©Î¼Æ¦r¶}ÀY¡Aªø«×¬°1~n¦¸
['a'] [] ['a'] ['abc'] ['abc123']
µ{¦¡½d¨Ò5
# $ = ¦r¦êªºµ²§À
>>> import re
>>> print(re.findall('1$', 'abc123')) # ¥H1µ²§Àªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('3$', 'abc123')) # ¥H3µ²§Àªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('d$', 'abc123')) # ¥H¼Æ¦rµ²§Àªº¦r
>>> print(re.findall('d+$', 'abc123')) # ¥H¼Æ¦rµ²§Àªº¦r¡Aªø«×¬°1~n
>>> print(re.findall('[w]+$', 'abc123')) # ¦r¥À©Î¼Æ¦rµ²§À¡Aªø«×¬°1~n
[] ['3'] ['3'] ['123'] ['abc123']
¨ç¦¡¡Gfindall() ´M§ä¥þ³¡
>>> import re
>>> text =
'shdfluihnlsdgjlsrfjileghluiesrgl3h42h3583593hu6i4h32896h3896h2436jl423j84936j23
l4jt4lfff9m39m39f'
>>> pwd = re.findall('d',text)
>>> print(pwd)
['3', '4', '2', '3', '5', '8', '3', '5', '9', '3', '6', '4', '3', '2', '8', '9',](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-12-320.jpg)
!['6', '3', '8', '9', '6', '2', '4', '3', '6', '4', '2', '3', '8', '4', '9', '3',
'6', '2', '3', '4', '4', '9', '3', '9', '3', '9']
python ¨ç¦¡³B²z
·í¦³¤@¬qµ{¦¡½X»Ýn«Âаõ¦æ®É¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H±N¦¹¬qµ{¦¡½X©w¸q¦¨¤@Ө禡(function)
¡A¥H§Q§@¬°«áÄò©I¥s¨Ï¥Î¡C
¨ç¦¡ªº©w¸q
§ÚÌ¥i¥H³z¹Ldef ªº¤è¦¡¨Ó©w¸q¨ç¦¡¦WºÙ
def <name>(arg1,arg2,.....,argN):
<statements>
Y¦³¦^¶ÇÈ¡A¥i©w¸q¬°
def <name>(arg1,arg2,.....,argN):
<statements>
return <vaule1,value2,.....,valueN)
¦p¡G
>>> def plusAndMulti(x,y):
... intPlus=x+y
... intMulti=x*y
... print 'x+y=%s'%intPlus
... print 'x*y=%s'%intMulti
>>> plusAndMulti(10,20)
x+y=30
x*y=200
>>> def getPlusResult(x,y):
... return x+y
>>> getPlusResult(10,20)
30
>>> def getFirstAndLastElement(lst):
... if not len(lst)>0: return None,None
... return lst[0],lst[len(lst)-1]
>>> lst=[1,2,3,4,5]
>>> getFirstAndLastElement(lst)
(1, 5)
>>> lst=[5]
>>> getFirstAndLastElement(lst)
(5, 5)
>>> lst=[]
>>> getFirstAndLastElement(lst)
(None, None)
>>> lst=[1,2,3,4,5]
>>> b,c=getFirstAndLastElement(lst)
>>> print b,c
1 5
¨ç¦¡¹w³]°Ñ¼ÆÈ
¦b©w¸q¨ç¦¡®É¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H³]©w°Ñ¼Æªº¹w³]È¡A·í©I¥s¨ç¦¡®É¨S¦³±a¤J¦¹°Ñ¼Æ®É¡A¨t²Î´N·|
¥H¹w³]ªº°Ñ¼ÆȨӴÀ¥N¡C
>>> def getPlusResult(x,y=5):](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-13-320.jpg)
![... return x+y
>>> getPlusResult(4)
9
ª`·N¡G·í°Ñ¼Æ¬O¤@Ó½ÆÂøªº¸ê®Æµ²ºc®É(«D¼Æ¦r©Î¦r¦ê)¡A¸ê®Æ¤º®e¥i¯à·|
¦]¬°²Ö¿n®ÄÀ³¦ÓÁ׶}¤F¹w³]Ȫº³]©w¡C¦p¡G
>>> def appendList(x,y=[]):
... y.append(x)
... return y
>>> appendList(3)
[3]
>>> appendList(4)
[3, 4]
>>> appendList(5)
[3, 4, 5]
¨Ï¥ÎÃöÁä¦r¶ñ¤J°Ñ¼ÆÈ
·í©w¸q¨ç¦¡»Ýn¶Ç¤J¦hӰѼÆȮɡA°£¤F¥i¥H«ö¶¶§Ç¶ñ¤J°Ñ¼ÆÈ¥H¥~¡A¤]
¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î«ü©w°Ñ¼Æ¦WºÙ¨Ó¶ñ¤J°Ñ¼ÆÈ¡A¦p¦¹´N¥i¥H¤£¥²¨Ì·Ó¶¶§Ç¤F¡C
>>> def getGreeting(greeting,name='anonymous',postfix='.'):
... return '%s, %s%s'%(greeting, name, postfix)
>>> getGreeting('Hello',postfix='?')
'Hello, anonymous?'
>>> getGreeting('Hi','Gina','~')
'Hi, Gina~'
>>> getGreeting(postfix='!',name='Tina',greeting='Yo')
'Yo, Tina!'
ª`·N¡G¦b¨ç¼Æ©w¸q®É¡A¾¨¥i¯à±N¨S¦³¹w³]-
Ȫº°Ñ¼Æ±Æ¦b¥ª°¼¡A¥H«K¦b¥¼«ü©w°Ñ¼Æ¦WºÙ®É¡A¨t²Î¯à¹ïÀ³¨ì¥¿½Tªº°Ñ¼Æ¡C
¤£©wӼưѼÆ
·í§A¦b¦Ò¼{¨ç¦¡®É¡AYµLªk½T©w¥i¯à±a¤J°Ñ¼ÆªºÓ¼Æ®É¡A¥i¥H¦b©w¸q¨ç¦¡®É¨Ï¥Î '*' ¥Nªí¤
£©wӼưѼƨөw¸q¨ç¦¡°Ñ¼Æ¡C
>>> def getMultiGreeting(greeting, *name):
... multiName=','.join(name)
... print '%s'%type(name)
... return '%s: %s'%(greeting,multiName)
>>> getMultiGreeting('Hello','eric','Tina','Gina')
<type 'tuple'>
'Hello: eric,Tina,Gina'
>>> getMultiGreeting('Hello','eric','Tina','Gina','Tom','David')
<type 'tuple'>
'Hello: eric,Tina,Gina,Tom,David'
ª`·N¡G¥Ñ '*' ©Ò©w¸qªº°Ñ¼Æ¬O¥Htuple«¬ºA¦s¦b¡A¦]¦¹¥i¥H§â¥¦·ítuple¨Ó¾Þ§@¥¦¡C
Y¨Ï¥Î '**' ¨Ó©w¸q°Ñ¼Æ¡A«h¥i¥H§â¥¦·í¦¨dictªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¾Þ§@¥¦¡C¦p¡G
>>> def getUsersNameEmail(name,**options):
... print 'StudentName:%s'%name
... if options.has_key('age'): print 'Age:%s'%options['age']](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-14-320.jpg)
![... if options.has_key('email'): print 'Email:%s'%options['email']
>>> getUsersNameEmail('eric',age=17,email='laaa@hinet.net')
StudentName:eric
Age: 17
Email: laaa@hinet.net
¨ç¦¡¡Gsub() ¨ú¥N
# re.sub()
>>> import re
>>> pwd = re.sub('D','',text) #¤£¬O¼Æ¦rªº¨ú¥N¦¨ªÅ¦r¦ê
>>> print (pwd)
342358359364328963896243642384936234493939
¨ç¦¡¡Gjoin() ¦ê³slist
>>> tmp = re.findall('d', text) # ¬D¥X«D¼Æ¦r¡A²Õ¦¨list
>>> pwd = ''.join(tmp) # ±N¦ê¦C³s±µ°_¨Ó¡A¤¤¶¡¤
£¶ë¥ô¦ó¸ê®Æ
>>> print (pwd)
8784709893727894859089
Python ªºª«¥ó³]p
¦bpython ¤¤°£¤F¥i¥H©w¸q¨ç¦¡¥~¡A¥¦¤]¦P¼Ë¦³ª«¥ó¾É¦Vªº³]-
p¡AclassÃöÁä¦r«h¬O¥Î¨Ó©w¸qª«¥óªºÃþ§O¡Aª«¥óÃþ§O¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó²£¥Íª«¥ó¹êÅé ( instance)
¡A©Ò¥H¥¦¤]¥i¥Hµø¬°¬O¤@ºØ¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡C
>>> class Student(object):
... number=''
... def __init__(self,number):
... self.number=number
... def set_number(self,number):
... self.number=number
... def get_number(self):
... return self.number
>>> std=Student('')
>>> print std.get_number()
>>> std=Student('N90000001')
>>> print std.get_number()
N90000001
>>> std.set_number('N00010001')
>>> print std.get_number()
N00010001
Studentª«¥óÃþ§O¤U©w¸q¤F " __init__"¡B" set_number"¡B"get_number"¤TӨ禡¡A¨C¤@-
Ө禡ªº²Ä¤@ӰѼƳ£¥²¶·¬Oself¡A¬O¥Î¨Ó¥Nªí©I¥s¦¹¨ç¦¡ªºª«¥ó¹êÅé¡C
number¬O¦¹ª«¥óªºÄÝ©Ê(attribute)¡A
set_number»Pget_number¬O¦¹ª«¥óªº¤èªk(method)¡A
__init__¤èªk¬Oª«¥óªº«Øºc¤l(constructor)¡A¬O¦b«Ø¥ßª«¥ó¹êÅé®É¨t²Î¹w³]©I¥sªº¨ç¦¡¡A
¦b¤Wz¨Ò¤l¤¤«Ø¥ßstd=Student('N90000001')ª«¥óstd®É¡A
´N¬O¹ïÀ³¨ìª«¥óÃþ§O¤Uªº__init__¨ç¦¡¡A'N90000001'«h¬O¹ïÀ³¨ìnumber°Ñ¼Æ-
È¡Aset_number»Pget_numberªº¤èªk¦bª«¥ó²£¥Í®É
´N¥i¥Hª½±µ¨Ï¥Î¡AÃþ¦ü©ójava»y¨¥ªºpublic¤èªk¡A¦p std.set_number('N00010001')
¡Bstd.get_number()¡C
Ãþ§O©w¸q§¹¦¨«á¡A¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó²£¥Í³¦hªºª«¥ó¹êÅé¡A¦Uª«¥ó¹êÅ鶡¨Ã¤£·|¤¬¬Û¼vÅT¡C](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-15-320.jpg)
![>>> s1=Student('N99010001')
>>> s2=Student('N99020002')
>>> s3=Student('N99030003')
>>> print s1.get_number()
N99010001
>>> print s2.get_number()
N99020002
¥t¥~¡A¦b¤Wzªº¨Ò¤l¤¤¡AnumberÄݩʤ]¬OÄÝ©ópublicªºÄÝ©Ê¡Aª«¥ó¥i¥Hª½±µ§ïÅÜnumberªºÈ¡C
>>> s1.number='N99040004'
>>> print s1.get_number()
N99040004
Y¤£·QnÅýÄݩʩΤèªk¥i¥Hª½±µ³Q®³¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H§Q¥Î¨âÓ©³½u "
__"§@¬°«e¸m¦r¦ê¡A¨Ó±N¥¦ÌÁôÂð_¨Ó¡AÃþ¦üjava»y¨¥ªºprotected©Îprivate¥Îªk¡C
>>> class Student(object):
... __number=''
... def __init__(self,number):
... self.__number=number
... self.__initSomething()
... def set_number(self,number):
... self.__number=number
... def get_number(self):
... return self.__number
... def __initSomething(self):
... print 'init something....'
>>> s1=Student('N99010001')
init something....
>>> s1.__name
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'Student' object has no attribute '__name'
>>> s1.__initSomething()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'Student' object has no attribute '__initSomething'
>>> s1.get_number()
'N99010001'
¦ý¹ï©ó¤F¸Ñpython»y¨¥ªÌ¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ä¹ê³oºØ¤è¦¡¥u¬O±N³o¨Ç¤èªk¤ÎÄÝ©Ê´«Ó¦W¤l¦Ó¤w¡AY¯u-
n©I¥s¥¦Ì¡A¤´µM¬O¥i¥H°µ±o¨ì¡A¥u¬On¦h¤@¹Dµ{§Ç¦Ó¤w¡A§Y¦b¤èªk©ÎÄݩʪº«e±¥[¤W "
_ª«¥óÃþ§O¦WºÙ"
¤~¯àª½±µ¦s¨ú¡C©Ò¥H¡A¥u¦³±oª¾Ãþ§O¦WºÙªº¤~¯àª½±µ¦s¨ú±o¨ì¡A³o¼ËÁÙ¬O¥i¥H°µ¨ì°ò¥»ªº¸ê
°TÁôÂáC
>>> s1._Student__number
'N99010001'
>>> s1._Student__initSomething()
init something....
python ªºª«¥óÄ~©Ó
ª«¥óªºÄ~©ÓÃö«Y( inheritance)¡A¥i²¤ÆÁc½Æ³]-
pªºµ{¦¡½X¡AÅýª«¥ó«O¯d¥Àª«¥óªºÄݩʤΤèªk¡A¨Ã¥i¥H¥[¤W©Î-
קï¦Û¤vªºÄÝ©Ê»P¤èªk¡A³oºØ¤è¦¡¤j¤j´£°ªµ{¦¡³]pªº®Ä²v¡AÄ~©Óªº¤èªk
´N¬O¦bª«¥óÃþ§O¦WºÙ«áªº¤p¬A¸¹¤¤¡A©ñ¤J-](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-16-320.jpg)
![nÄ~©Óªºª«¥óÃþ§O¦WºÙ(¦pStudentª«¥óÃþ§OÄ~©Ó¤Fobjectª«¥ó¡C
>>> class Student(object):
... number=''
... def __init__(self,number):
... self.number=number
... self.__initSomething()
... def set_number(self,number):
... self.number=number
... def get_number(self):
... return self.number
... def __initSomething(self):
... print 'init something....'
>>> class TimeWorker(Student):
... __name=''
... def __init__(self,number,name):
... self.number=number
... self.__name=name
... def set_name(self,name):
... self.__name=name
... def get_name(self):
... return self.__name
>>> tw=TimeWorker('N95050005','eric')
>>> tw.get_number()
'N95050005'
>>> tw.get_name()
'eric'
ª`·N¡GY¬On³QÄ~©Óª«¥ó¤¤ªº¦¨û®É¡A¥i¨Ï¥Îsuper( )¤èªk©I¥s¥ÀÃþ§O¤èªk©ÎÄÝ©Ê¡A¦p-
n©I¥s¥ÀÃþ§Oªº__init__³]©w«Øºc¤l¡A©ñ¤Jªì©lÈ¡C
>>> class Student(object):
... __number=''
... def __init__(self,number):
... self.__number=number
... self.__initSomething()
... def set_number(self,number):
... self.__number=number
... def get_number(self):
... return self.__number
... def __initSomething(self):
... print 'init something....'
>>> class TimeWorker(Student):
... __name=''
... def __init__(self,number,name):
... super(TimeWorker,self).__init__(number)
... self.__name=name
... def set_name(self,name):
... self.__name=name
... def get_name(self):
... return self.__name
>>> tw=TimeWorker('N95050005','eric')
init something....
>>> tw.get_number()
'N95050005'
python ªºÀɮ׳B²z](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-17-320.jpg)
![python n¶}±ÒÀɮ׮ɡA¥i©I¥s¤º«Øªº¨ç¦¡ open(filename, mode)¡Amode¦³¦hºØ¿ï¾Ü¡G
'r' ¡G ¶}±ÒÀɮ׬°Åª¨ú¼Ò¦¡¡A¦¹¬°¹w³]¼Ò¦¡¡C
'w'¡G¶}±ÒÀɮ׬°¥i¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡¡AYÀɮצs¦b¡A«h·|³QÂл¤º®e¡C
'a'¡G¶}±ÒÀɮ׬°¥i¶i¦æ§ÀºÝªþ¥[¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡¡C
'b'¡GÀɮ׶i¦æ¤G¶i¦ì¸ê®Æ³B²z
°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡Ghttps://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-
writing-files
ÀÉ®×¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡
>>> f = open('workfile', 'w')
>>> f.write('This is the entire file.n')
>>> print f
<open file 'workfile', mode 'w' at 0x020C4D88>
>>> f.close()
ÀÉ®×Ū¨ú¼Ò¦¡
>>> myfile=open('workfile')
>>> myfile.readline()
'This is the entire file.n'
>>> myfile.readline()
''
>>> f= open("rw_test", "w") # w¥Nªí¼g¤J¡Aw+«h¬O¨S¦³Àɮתº¸Ü·|¦Û°Ê·s¼W
>>> f.write("Hello 123")
>>> f.close()
>>> f = open ("rw_test", "r") # r¥NªíŪ¨ú
>>> f.read()
'Hello 123'
Àɮתþ¥[¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡
>>> f = open('workfile', 'a')
>>> f.write('Second line of the filen')
>>> f.close()
>>> myfile=open('workfile')
>>> myfile.readline()
'This is the entire file.n'
>>> myfile.readline()
'Second line of the filen'
>>> myfile.readline()
''
>>> data=open('workfile').read()
>>> print data
This is the entire file.
pythonªº¨Ò¥~³B²z
·ípythonªºµ{¦¡½X¦b°õ¦æ®É¡AYµo¥Í»yªk©Îµ{¦¡¹Bºâ¿ù»~®É¡A¨t²Î´N·|¥á¥X¤@-
Ó¨Ò¥~(Exception)¿ù»~¡A¦p¡G
>>> i=0
>>> 10/i
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
>>> whild i<10: print i
File "<stdin>", line 1
whild i<10: print i
^](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-18-320.jpg)
![SyntaxError: invalid syntax
¤Wz¨Ò¤l´N¬O·í¸ê®Æ«¬ºA©Î»yªk¿ù»~®É¡Apython ª½Ä¶¾¹´N·|?
¥X(throw)ZeroDivisionError¤ÎSyntaxErrorªº¿ù»~¡A¦pªG¨S¦³¦n¦n³B²z¡Aµ{¦¡´N·|¤
¤Â_¦b¦¹¡AµLªk«ùÄò¶i¦æ¡C
§ÚÌ¥i¥H°w¹ï¯S©wªº¨Ò¥~¿ù»~¨Ó«Ø¥ß±µ¦¬¿ù»~³B²zªºµ{¦¡°Ï¬q
>>> try:
... n=10/0
... print n
... except ZeroDivisionError:
... print 'Davided by 0'
...
Davided by 0
¦¹§Y·í§Ú̹w´Áªº¿ù»~µo¥Í®É¡A´N¥i¥H³z¹L¨Æ«e³]p¦nªº³W«h¨Ó³B²z¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº¿ù»~±¡ªp¡C
¦pªG§A³]pªºµ{¦¡°Ï¶ô¦³¥i¯àµo¥Í³¦h¦UºØ¤£¦Pªº¨Ò¥~±¡ªp¡A§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¦hÓ¤
£¦Pªºexcept¨Ó³B²z©Î¬O¨Ï¥Îelse¨Ó³B²z¨ä¥L¨S¦³³B²z¨ìªº¨Ò¥~ª¬ªp¡C
>>> try:
... readFile=open('testFile.txt','r')
... firstLine=readFile.readline()
... intNum=int(firstLine)
... print intNum
... except IOError:
... print 'Error on opening file or reading first line.'
... except ValueError:
... print 'Cannot convert first line to integer.'
... else:
... print 'Unknow Error'
... finally:
... print 'finally....'
YÀɮפ£¦s¦b¡A«h·|¥X²{
Error on opening file or reading first line.
finally....
YÀɮצs¦b¡A¦ý¤º®eµLªkÂà´«¦¨¾ã¼Æ®É
Cannot convert first line to integer.
finally....
¦pªG¨S¦³µo¥Í¨Ò¥~¡A°£¤F·|°õ¦æ¥Xµ²ªG¥~¡Aelseªº¤º®e¤]·|°õ¦æ
...
45
Unknow Error
finally....
finally?zªº¤º®e«h¬O¤£ºÞ°õ¦æµ²ªG¥¿±`©Î¬Oµo¥Í¨Ò¥~®É¡A¥¦³£·|Â÷¶}try¤§«e°õ¦æ¡C
¥t¥~¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H±N¿ù»~°T®§Åª¨ú¥X¨Ó¡A¦p¡G
>>> try:
... readFile=open('testFile1.txt','r')
... firstLine=readFile.readline()
... intNum=int(firstLine)
... print intNum
... except Exception as ex:
... print 'Error message is %s'%ex
... else:
... print 'Unknow Error'
... finally:](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-19-320.jpg)
![... print 'finally....'
...
Error message is [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'testFile1.txt'
finally....
python ¦Ûq¨Ò¥~³B²z
¦bµ{¦¡½X¤¤¡AY¯à¹w´ú·|µo¥Íªº¨Ò¥~±¡§Î¡A§A´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎraiseÃöÁä¦r¨Ó¤â°Ê?¥X¤@-
Ó¨Ò¥~ª«¥ó¡C
>>> def getDivisionResult(intNum1,intNum2):
... if not intNum2:
... raise ZeroDivisionError('Number 2 can not be zero')
... else:
... return intNum1/intNum2
>>> try:
... getDivisionResult(10,0)
... except ZeroDivisionError as err:
... print 'Error Message is %s'%err
...
Error Message is Number 2 can not be zero
>>>
>>> try:
... getDivisionResult(10,5)
... except ZeroDivisionError as err:
... print 'Error Message is %s'%err
...
2
>>>
¦UºØ«¬¦¡ªºerror ª«¥ó¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¡Ghttps://docs.python.org/2/library/exceptions.html
¥t¥~¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H¦Û¦æ©w¸q¨Ò¥~ª«¥ó¡A¦Û¦æ©w¸qªºª«¥ó¡A¥²¶·nÄ~©Ó¦ÛExceptionª«¥óÃþ§O¡C
>>> class DivisionErr(Exception):
... def __init__(self,msg):
... self.message=msg
>>> def getDivisionResult(intNum1,intNum2):
... if not intNum2:
... raise DivisionErr('Number 2 can not be zero')
... else:
... return intNum1/intNum2
>>> try:
... getDivisionResult(10,0)
... except DivisionErr as err:
... print err.message
...
Number 2 can not be zero
Y§A·Q-
nÅý§A©w¸qªºª«¥ó¹êÅé¹³¤@¯ë±`¨£¨ìªº¨Ò¥~ª«¥ó¤@¼Ë¡A¯à°÷ª½±µ³z¹Lª«¥ó¹êÅé¨Ó¿é¥X®É¡A§A¥
²¶·¦bª«¥ó¤¤¥[¤J __str__ ªºª«¥ó¤èªk¡C
>>> class DivisionErr(Exception):
... def __init__(self,msg):
... self.message=msg
... def __str__(self):](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-20-320.jpg)
![... return self.message
>>> def getDivisionResult(intNum1,intNum2):
... if not intNum2:
... raise DivisionErr('Number 2 can not be zero')
... else:
... return intNum1/intNum2
>>> try:
... getDivisionResult(10,0)
... except DivisionErr as err:
... print 'Error message is %s'%err
...
Error message is Number 2 can not be zero
python ªº¼Ò²Õ³]p
¦bÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¶}µoªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A§ÚÌ·|±N¬ÛÃöªº¨ç¦¡©ÎÃþ§Oµ{¦¡½X²Õ¦X¦b¦P¤@¤äµ{¦¡¡A³oÓ§Ú-
̺٤§¬°¼Ò²Õ¡A·í³oÓ¼Ò²Õ»Ýn³Q¨ä¥¦µ{¦¡¤Þ¥Î®É¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îimport
ªº«ü¥O¨Ó±N¼Ò²Õ¤Þ¤J¡A¸g±`¤@ÓÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¬O¥²¶·n¤Þ¥Î¦h-
Ó¼Ò²Õmodule¤~¯à§¹¦¨À³°õ¦æªº¥ô°È¡C
¹ï¨C¤@ÓpythonÀɮצӨ¥¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H±N¥¦µø¬°¤@Ó¼Ò²Õ¡A¨Ò¦p¡A§Ú̦bmyMathFun.pyÀɮפ
¤³]p¤@Ó¥i¥Hpºâ¶¥¼h¥[Á`ªº¨ç¦¡¡G
>>> # myMathFun.py
>>> def sumHierarchy(n):
... if n<2: return 1
... else: return n+sumHierarchy(n-1)
¦pªGn¦b¨ä¥¦ªºµ{¦¡¤¤°õ¦æ¡A´N¥²¶·§Q¥Îimport ªº»yªk©Îfrom xxx import
xxxªº»yªk±N¼Ò²Õ©Î¼Ò²Õ¤¤ªº¨ç¦¡¤Þ¤J¡G
>>> # main.py
>>> import myMathFun
>>> def main():
... print '1+2+...5= %d'%myMathFun.sumHierarchy(5)
>>> if __name__=='__main__':
... main()
·ín¤Þ¤J¯S©wª«¥óÃþ§O©Î¨ç¦¡®É¡G
>>> # main.py
>>> from myMathFun import sumHierarchy
>>> def main():
... print '1+2+...5= %d'%sumHierarchy(5)
>>> if __name__=='__main__':
... main()
°õ¦æµ²ªG¬°¡G
python main.py
1+2+...5= 15](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-21-320.jpg)
![¦b¤Wz¨Ò¤l¤¤ __name__ ±`¼Æ¬O¨C¤@Ó¼Ò²Õ³£¦³ªº¤º«Ø±`¼Æ¡A³oÓ±`¼ÆªºÈ
´N¬O¼Ò²Õªº¦WºÙ(¤]¬OÀɮתº¦WºÙ)¡A·ípythonª½Ä¶¾¹¦b°õ¦æ¤@ÓpythonÀɮ׮ɡA¥¦·|
±N¦¹±`¼Æ__name__ªºÈ§ï¦¨__main__¤]´N¬O¤Á¤Jµ{¦¡°õ¦æªºÂI¡A©Ò¥H¦b¦¹ if §PÂ_¦¡¤
¤©Ò°õ¦æªº¨ç¦¡©Îµ{¦¡´N·|¦bµ{¦¡¤@¶}©l°õ¦æ®É³Q¸ü¤J¹B§@¡C
python ®M¥ó³B²z
¦bpython¤¤¡A§A¥i¥H±N¦hÓ¦PÃþ«¬©ÎÄݩʪº¼Ò²Õ¶°¤¤¦b¦P¤@ӥؿý¤¤¡A¨Ã¦b¥Ø¿ý¤¤¥[¤J
__init__.pyªºÀɮסA¨Ó²Õ¦X¦¨¤@Ó®M¥ó¡C
°²³]¦³Ó®M¥óªº¥Ø¿ý¦¨ûµ²ºc¦p¤U¡G
mylib/
__init__.py
myMathFun.py
countNum.py
Yn¤Þ¤JmyMathFun¼Ò²Õ¡A¥i¥H¦bÀɮפW¤è¥[¤J
>>> from mylib import myMathFun
Yn¨Ï¥ÎmyMathFun¤¤ªºÃþ§Oª«¥ó©Î¨ç¦¡¡A¥i¥Î
>>> #main.py
>>> from mylib import myMathFun
.....
.....
>>> myMathFun.sumHierarchy(5)
¦b __init__.py¤¤©Ò©w¸qªºª«¥óÃþ§O©Î¨ç¦¡¡A¥iª½±µ¤Þ¤J¨Ï¥Î¡C
>>> #mylib/__init__,py
>>> def sayHello():
... print ("hello')
>>> #main.py
>>> from mylib import sayHello
.....
.....
>>> sayHello()
¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ
½d¨Ò1¡G¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ
>>> import random # ¸ü¤Jrandom¼Ò²Õ
>>> print(random.randint(2,29)) # ¨Ï¥Î¨ä¤¤ªºrandint¨ç¦¡
>>> from random import randinr # ¸ü¤Jrandomªºrandint¼Ò²Õ
>>> print(randint(2,29)) # ¨Ï¥Î®É¤£¥Î¼g¤@¤j¦ê
½d¨Ò2¡GŪ²Õºô¶
>>> from urllib.request import urlopen # ¸ü¤JŪ¨úºô¶¼Ò²Õ
>>> data = urlopen("http://www.cs.pu.edu.tw/~ylyang/vcs_git.html").read()
>>> str = data.decode() # Âনutf-8®æ¦¡
>>> print (str)
python ¤pµ{¦¡»s§@½d¨Ò
¸Õ§Q¥Î¼Ò²Õ³]p¤@Ó¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¤GºØ¹Bºâªºpythonµ{¦¡
(1)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤GÓ¾ã¼Æ¥|«h¹Bºâªº¹Bºâ¾¹
(2)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤@Ó¾ã¼ÆÈ,¨Ãpºâ¥¦ªº¶¥¼h¼¿n
(3)Â÷¶}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-22-320.jpg)
![¸Ñµª:
# homework.py
# coding: utf-8
import re,math
def isValidFormula(strFormula):
regexp =re.compile(r'd{1,5}[+|-|*|/]d{1,5}')
if regexp.search(strFormula): return True
return False
def getArithmeticResult(strFormula):
try:
if isValidFormula(strFormula): return eval(strFormula)
else: return 'input error'
except: return 'input error'
def getFactorialResult(strNum):
if strNum.isdigit(): return math.factorial(int(strNum))
else: return 'input error'
def main():
while True:
print u'''
½Ð¿ï¾Ü
(1)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤GÓ¾ã¼Æ¥|«h¹Bºâªº¹Bºâ¾¹
(2)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤@Ó¾ã¼ÆÈ,¨Ãpºâ¥¦ªº¶¥¼h¼¿n
(3)Â÷¶}
'''
strChoice=raw_input('Select:')
if strChoice.strip()=='1':
print u'½Ð¿é¤J¹Bºâ¦¡:'
strFormula=raw_input()
print u'%s=%s'%(strFormula,getArithmeticResult(strFormula))
elif strChoice.strip()=='2':
print u'½Ð¿é¤J¶¥¼h¼Æ¦r:'
strNum=raw_input()
print u'%s!=%s'%(strNum,getFactorialResult(strNum))
elif strChoice.strip()=='3': break
else: print 'your choice is error'
print '=========================================='
if __name__=='__main__':
main()](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/python-161109133003/85/Python-23-320.jpg)
Python 入門初體驗(程式語法)
- 1. ³æ¦æµù¸Ñ >>> #print ('§Ú³Qµù¸Ñ¤F~') >>> print ('§Ú¨S³Qµù¸Ñ¡I') >>> # print ('§Ú¤S³Qµù¸Ñ¤F!!') >>> print ('«¢«¢«¢«¢') §Ú¨S³Qµù¸Ñ¡I «¢«¢«¢«¢ ¦h¦æµù¸Ñ¡G¥Î ''' ¥]¦í·Qnµù¸Ñªº¤º®e >>> n = 9 >>> m = 10 >>> ''' print( '±q³o¦æ¶}©l" ) >>> n = 0 >>> m = 1 >>> print( '¤@ª½µù¸Ñ¨ì³oÃä' ) ''' >>> print ( n, m ) 9 10 python ¤¤¥i¥Hª½±µ§Q¥Î²Å¸¹¨ÓÀx¦s¼ÆÈ¡A¦r¦ê©Î¸ê®Æµ²ºc¡A¤]´N¬O§Ú- ̩ҿתºÅܼơA·íÅܼƦs©ñ¸ê®Æ«á¡A´N¥i¥Hª½±µ®³¨Ó¹Bºâ©Î§@¨ä¥¦³B²z¡A¤£¥²¶i¦æ«Å§i¡C >>> x=6 >>> print x 6 >>> print x+2 8 >>> y='abc' >>> print y+'def' abcdef >>> y=y+'def' >>> print y abcdef >>> z=2.3 >>> print z+x 8.3 python ªº¼Æȸê®Æ«¬ºA¦³¤TºØ¡G¾ã¼Æ(integer)¡B¯BÂI¼Æ(float)¤Î½Æ¼Æ(complex number)¡C ¾ã¼Æ¤Î¯BÂI¼Æ¥i¥Hª½±µ¶i¦æ¥|«h¹Bºâ¡B¾l¼Æ¹Bºâ¤Î«ü¼Æ¹Bºâ¡A¨t²Î·|¦Û°ÊÂà ´«¬°½d³ò¤jªº«¬ºA¡C >>> 10+2 12 >>> 4.5+6 10.5 >>> 2**3 8 >>> 2^5 7 >>> 2.5/5 0.5 >>> 16**0.25 2.0
- 2. °£ªk¹Bºâ«h¨Ì·Ó±z©Ònªºµ²ªG¨Ó°Ï¤À¬°¾ã¼Æ°£ªk»P¯BÂI¼Æ°£ªk¡C Y°£¼Æ»P³Q°£¼Æ¬Ò¬°¾ã¼Æ®É¡A©Ò±o¨ìªºµ²ªG¥u¦³°Óªº¾ã¼Æ³¡¥÷¡C Y°£¼Æ©Î³Q°£¼Æ¨ä¤¤¤@Ó¬°¯BÂI¼Æ®É¡A©Ò±o¨ìªºµ²ªG´N·|¬O±a¦³¤p¼Æ§¹¾ãªº°Ó¡C >>> 3/2 1 >>> 3.0/2 1.5 >>> 3/2.0 1.5 >>> 10.0/3 3.3333333333333335 ¹ï©ó¯BÂI¼Æ¦Ó¨¥¡A¦]¼Æȧe²{¦ì¼Æ¦³¡Aªí¥Üªk·|±N³¡¥÷¦ì¼Æ±Ë¥h¡A³y¦¨Åã¥Ü¤W·| ¦³»~®t¡A·U¤j¶q¹Bºâ»~®t·|·U¤j¡A¦ý¹ï©ó¹ê»Úµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¤W¥i¥H§Q¥ÎÂà ´«¬°¾ã¼Æint()©Î¨ú¯BÂI¼Æ¦³®Ä¦ì¼Æround()¨Ó¸Ñ¨M³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A¦p¡G >>> x=0.1 >>> print x 0.1 >>> x**10 1.0000000000000006e-10 >>> x**50 1.0000000000000027e-50 ¾ã¼Æ»P¯BÂI¼ÆªºÂà´«¥i¥H§Q¥Îint( )»Pfloat( )¨âÓ¨ç¼Æ¨Ó§¹¦¨¡C >>> x=4.9 >>> int(x) 4 >>> y=5 >>> float(y) 5.0 >>> z=float(y)/x >>> z 1.0204081632653061 >>> round(z,5) 1.02041 ¹ï©ó½Æ¼Æªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î x+yj ©Î x+yJ ¨âºØ(j©ÎJ)¨Óªí¥Ü¡A¨ä¤ ¤xªí¥Ü¹ê³¡¡Ayªí¥Üµê³¡¡C >>> x=1+4j >>> print x (1+4j) >>> y=2+3j >>> y (2+3j) >>> x+y (3+7j) >>> x*y (-10+11j)
- 3. >>> x+6 (7+4j) >>> x**2 (-15+8j) >>> y**2 (-5+12j) Yn³æ¿W¨ú¥X½Æ¼Æªº¹ê³¡©Îµê³¡¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îreal¤Îimag¨âÓÄÝ©Ê¡C >>> x.real 1.0 >>> x.imag 4.0 python¤¤¦r¦ê¸ê®Æ¥i¥H¥Î¥b«¬ªº³æ¤Þ¸¹ ( ' )©ÎÂù¤Þ¸¹( " )¨Ó±N¦r¦ê¤º®e¥]ÂЦb¨ä¤¤ ¡A¦pªG¦b¨ä¤¤¦³¥²nÅã¥Ü³æ¤Þ¸¹©ÎÂù¤Þ¸¹®É¡A¥i¥H¥Î( )¸õ²æ¦r¤¸¨Ó±N³o¨â- ӲŸ¹Åã¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡C >>> x='Hello Eric' >>> print x Hello Eric >>> x='Hello, I'm Eric' >>> print x Hello, I'm Eric ¦b°õ¦æÀô¹Ò¤¤¡AµLªk§Q¥ÎEnter¨Óª½±µ´«¦æ¡AYn¶i¦æ´«¦æ¡A¥i¥H¥Î( n )ªº¦r¤¸¨Ó¹F¦¨¡C >>> x='Hello, n I'm Eric' >>> print x Hello, I'm Eric Y¦bµ{¦¡½X¤¤¤@¦¸n¿é¤J¦h¦æ®É¡A¥i¨Ï¥Î( )²Å¸¹¨Ó¹F¦¨¡C >>> x='Hello, ... I'm Eric' >>> print x Hello, I'm Eric ¥t¥~¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¤TÓ³æ¤Þ¸¹( ''' )©ÎÂù¤Þ¸¹( """ )¨Ó§¹¾ã«O¯d¦r¦ê¸ê®Æªºì©l®æ¦¡¡C >>> x='''Hello, ... I'm Eric''' >>> x "Hello,nI'm Eric" >>> print x Hello, I'm Eric ¦r¦ê¥i¥H¥Î( + )¸¹©ÎªÅ¥Õ¨Ó¹F¨ì¦r¦êªº³sµ²§@¥Î¡A¥t¥~¥i¥H¥Î¼¸¹( * )¨Ó¹F¨ì¿¼Æªº§@¥Î >>> x='Hello, ' >>> y='Eric' >>> print x+y Hello, Eric >>> z='Hello, ' 'Eric' >>> z
- 4. 'Hello, Eric' >>> print x*5+y*5 Hello, Hello, Hello, Hello, Hello, EricEricEricEricEric ¦ý¨âÓ¦r¦êÅܼƫh¤£¦æ¥ÎªÅ¥Õ¨Ó°µ²Õ¦X¹Bºâ¡A¥²¶·¥Î( + )ªº²Å¸¹¨Ó²Õ¦X¦b¤@°_¡A¥t¥~¦r¦êY- n»P¨ä¥¦«D¦r¦ê«¬ºAªºÅܼƬۥ[¡A¥²¶·n¥ý±N«D¦r¦êªºÅܼƧQ¥Îstr( )¨ç¼ÆÂà ´«¬°¦r¦ê¦A¶i¦æ¹Bºâ¡C >>> z=x y File "<stdin>", line 1 z=x y ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> z=x+y >>> z 'Hello, Eric' >>> i=9 >>> print i+x Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str' >>> print str(i)+x 9Hello, Yn¨ú¥X¦r¦ê¤¤¬Y¨Ç¦r¤¸¡A¥i¥H±N¦¹¦r¦êªº¨C¤@Ó¦r¤¸·í¦¨°}¦C¤¤ªº¤¸¯À¡A°_©lªº¦ì¸m¬°¢¯¡C >>> z='Hello, Eric' >>> z[3] 'l' >>> z[0:4] 'Hell' >>> z[:4] 'Hell' >>> z[4:] 'o, Eric' >>> z[-3] 'r' >>> z[0:3]+z[5:] 'Hel, Eric' npºâ¦r¦êªºªø«×¡A¥i¥Îlen( )¨ç¼Æ¨Ópºâ¡C >>> z 'Hello, Eric' >>> len(z) 11
- 5. ¦r¦êªº©µ¦ù¤Á¤ù¹Bºâ¡A¥i¥H³z¹L²Ä¤TÓ¨îȨӨú¥X¬Û¹jµ¥¶Zªº¦r¦ê¦r¤¸¡C >>> s='abcdefghijklmno' >>> s[1:10:2] 'bdfhj' python ¦r¦êªºUnicode½s½X Unicode¡]¤¤ ¤å¡G¸U°ê½X¡B°ê»Ú½X¡B²Î¤@½X¡B³æ¤@½X¡^¬O¹q¸£¬ì¾Ç»â°ì¸Ìªº¤@¶µ·~¬É¼Ð·Ç¡C¥¦¹ï¥@¬É¤W¤j ³¡¤Àªº¤å¦r¨t²Î¶i¦æ¤F¾ã²z¡B½s½X¡A¨Ï±o¹q¸£¥i¥H¥Î§ó¬°Â²³æªº¤è¦¡¨Ó§e²{©M³B²z¤å¦r¡C ¦bpython 2.7ª©¤¤¡A¹w³]ªº¦r¦ê®æ¦¡¬°ASCII½s½X¡A¦pªG- n¥Hunicodeªº½s½X®æ¦¡¨ÓÀx¦s¦r¦ê¡A¥²¶·¦b¦r¦êªº³Ì«e±¥[¤W 'u' ªº«e¸m¦r¤¸¡A¦p¡G >>> z='Hello, Eric' >>> r=u'Hello, Eric' >>> r u'Hello, Eric' >>> z 'Hello, Eric' >>> chin=u'³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê' >>> chin u'u9019u662fu4e00u500bu4e2du6587u5b57u4e32' >>> achin='³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê' >>> achin 'xb3oxacOxa4@xadxd3xa4xa4xa4xe5xa6rxa6xea' >>> print chin ³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê >>> print achin ³o¬O¤@Ó¤¤¤å¦r¦ê ¹ïunicode½s½Xªº¦r¦ê¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ä«¬¦¡¦p¦P 'uXXXX' ªº®æ¦¡¡A¦UºØ¯S®í²Å¸¹ªºunicode½s½X¡A¥i°Ñ¦Òhttp://www.tamasoft.co.jp/en/general- info/unicode.html¡@¡C >>> a=u'u0040' >>> print a @ python ªºList¸ê®Æ«¬ºA List¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¥i¥H¥Î¨Óªí¥Ü¥ô¦ópython¸ê®Æ«¬ºAªº¦³§Ç¶°¦X¡A¥ç§Y±N¥ô¦ó¸ê®Æ«¬ºAªº¸ê®Æ¦ê ±µ¦b¤@°_¡A¥i¥H¬O¤£¦P¸ê®Æ«¬ºAªº²Õ¦X¡AList¤¤¤]¥i¥H¥]§t¥t¤@ÓList¡A·ín¨ú¥X¨ä¤ ¤ªº¸ê®Æ®É¡A¥i¥H¥ÎÃþ¦ü°}¦Cªº¤è¦¡¡A«ü©wn¨ú¥X¦ì¸mªº¸ê®Æ©Î¤@Ó½d³òªº¸ê®Æ¡A¦p¡G >>> lst=[1,2,'abc',3.4,5+6j] >>> lst [1, 2, 'abc', 3.4, (5+6j)] >>> lst[4] (5+6j) >>> lst[3:] [3.4, (5+6j)] >>> lst[1:3] [2, 'abc'] >>> lst[1:3]=[5,6] >>> lst
- 6. [1, 5, 6, 3.4, (5+6j)] List¥i¥H³z¹L( + )ªº²Å¸¹¨Ó²Õ¦X¨âÓ¤£¦PªºList¡A¦pªG¬On¥ [¨ì§ÀºÝ¡A«h¥i¥H§Q¥Îappend©Îextend¨âºØ¤èªk¨Ó¹F¦¨¡A¦ý¦¹¨âÓ¤èªk¬O¤£ ¤@¼Ëªº¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¤U±¨Ò¤l¡A¤À¿ë¥¦Ìªº¤£¦P¡C >>> x=[1,2,3] >>> y=[4,5,6] >>> z=[a,b,c] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'b' is not defined >>> z=['a','b','c'] >>> x+y [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] >>> x [1, 2, 3] >>> r=x+y >>> r [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] >>> x.append(y) >>> x [1, 2, 3, 'abc', [4, 5, 6]] >>> x.extend(y) >>> x [1, 2, 3, 'abc', [4, 5, 6], 4, 5, 6] Listªº±Æ§Ç¥i¥H¥Îreverse( )¨ç¼Æ©Î¬O.sort(reverse=True)¨Ó¹F¦¨ >>> x [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> x.sort(reverse=True) >>> x [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0] >>> x [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0] >>> x.reverse() >>> x [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] List Comprehension¡@ªí¦C¸ÑªR¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H§Q¥Îfor °j°é¨Ó?¦¨¡C l=[x**2 for x in range(10)] >>> l [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81] python ªºtuple¸ê®Æ«¬ºA python ªºtuple¸ê®Æ«¬ºA»PList«D±`Ãþ¦ü¡A¬O¥Î¥ª¥k¨âÓ¬A¸¹ ' ( '»P ' ) '±N¤¸¯À¥]¦b¨ä¤ ¤¡A¨ä»PList³Ì¤jªº®t§O¦b©ó¤@¦ý¨M©w¤F¤¸¯Àªº¤º®e¡A´N¤£¥i¥HÅܧó¡A¤ £¹³List¤@¼Ë¥i¥HÀH®Éקï¡C >>> x=[1,2,3] >>> y=(4,5,6) >>> x[2] 3 >>> y[2] 6
- 7. >>> x [1, 2, 3] >>> x[2]=99 >>> x [1, 2, 99] >>> y[2]=99 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment pythonªºdict¸ê®Æ«¬ºA ¦bpythonªºListªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¤¤¡A¨CÓ¤¸¯À¥H¥¦©Ò¦bªº¦ì¸m§Ç¸¹§@¬°¯Á¤Þ- Èindex¨Ó¶i¦æ¸ê®Æ¦s¨úªºkeyÈ¡A¦bdictªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡A«h¬O¥i¥H¦Û©wkeyȨӰµ¬°¸ê®Æªº¯Á¤Þ- È¡C dict¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¬O¥Î¥ª¥k¤j¬A¸¹ ' { ' ¡B' } ' ±N¸ê®Æ¥]§t¦b¨ä¤¤¡A¨Ã¥Î³r¸¹ ' , ' ¨Ó§@¬°°Ï¹j¡A¨CÓkey-value¬O¥H«_¸¹ ' : ' ¨Ó¶i¦æ°t¹ï¡A¦p¡G >>> dic={'name':'eric','phone':'0900000000','email':'[email protected]'} >>> dic {'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': '[email protected]'} dict¸ê®Æ«¬ºAªºkeyȤ@©wn¬O¦r¦ê¸ê®Æ¡AvalueÈ«h¥i¥H¬O¥ô¦ó¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡C dict¤]¥i¥H¥ÑListªº°t¹ïtuple¸ê®ÆÂà´«¦Ó¨Ó¡A¨ä¤¤tuple²Ä¤@Ó¤¸¯À·|Âà´«¬°key¡A²Ä¤G- Ó¤¸¯À·|Âà´«¦¨value >>> x=[('name','eric'),('phone','0900000000'),('email','[email protected]')] >>> y=dict(x) >>> y {'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': '[email protected]'} >>> y['phone'] '0900000000' ¥t¥~¤]¥i¥H¥Îzipªº¤è¦¡±N¨âÓ¦P¼Æ¶q¤£¦PListÂà´«¦¨¤@Ódict¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡A¦p¡G >>> x=['name','phone','email'] >>> y=['eric','0900000000','[email protected]'] >>> z=zip(x,y) >>> z [('name', 'eric'), ('phone', '0900000000'), ('email', '[email protected]')] >>> dict(z) {'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': '[email protected]'} >>> z [('name', 'eric'), ('phone', '0900000000'), ('email', '[email protected]')] >>> r=dict(z) >>> r {'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': '[email protected]'} ¥t¥~¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H±NdictÂà´«¦¨Listªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡C >>> t=r.items() >>> t [('phone', '0900000000'), ('name', 'eric'), ('email', '[email protected]')] Y§ÚÌn¨ú¥Xdictªºkey©ÎvalueȮɡA¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îkeys( )¤Îvalues( )¨âÓ¤èªk¨Ó¨ú¥X¡A¦p >>> r {'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': '[email protected]'} >>> r.keys()
- 8. ['phone', 'name', 'email'] >>> r.values() ['0900000000', 'eric', '[email protected]'] Yn§R°£¬Y¤@¹ïkey-value²Õ¦X®É¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îdel«ü¥O¡A¦p¡G >>> r {'phone': '0900000000', 'name': 'eric', 'email': '[email protected]'} >>> del r['name'] >>> r {'phone': '0900000000', 'email': '[email protected]'} python ªº¥¬ªL¸ê®Æ«¬ºA»PªÅÈ python ¤¤nªí¥Ü¥¬ªL¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎTrue¤ÎFalse¨Óªí¥Ü¡A¦b±±¨î¬yµ{¤¤¡A·|¨Ï¥Î¥¬ªL- ȨӧPÂ_¬O§_¶i¤J°j°é¡C >>> t=True >>> type(t) <type 'bool'> >>> r=False >>> r False Noneªí¥ÜÅܼƬOªÅÈ¡A¨ä¬Û·í©óJavaªºnull¡C >>> x ['name', 'phone', 'email'] >>> x=None >>> x python ªº¬yµ{±±¨î python ¦b°õ¦æµ{¦¡®É¡A³£¬O¨Ì·Óµ{¦¡½Xªº¶¶§Ç¥Ñ¤W¦Ó¤U°õ¦æ¡AY¹J¨ìµ{¦¡»Ýn°µ§PÂ_¡B©Î»Ý- n¤ÏÂаõ¦æ¬Y´X¦æµ{¦¡½X®É¡A´N»Ýn§ïÅܵ{¦¡°õ¦æªº¬yµ{¡C if ±ø¥ó§PÂ_¦¡ ·í»Ýn°µ±ø¥ó§PÂ_®É¡A´N¥²¶·¨Ï¥Î if ªº±ø¥ó§PÂ_¡A¦p¡G >>> x=30 >>> if x>30: ... print 'x is more than 30.' >>> elif x==30: ... print 'x is equal to 30.' >>> else: ... print 'x is small than 30.' >>> ... x is equal to 30. if ªº±ø¥ó§PÂ_¥i·f°t elif ¤Î else ¨Ó§PÂ_¨ä¥¦ªº±ø¥ó¡C¨C¤@ӲŦX±ø¥óªº°Ï¶ô¥H "¡G" ¶}©l¡A¥i¥H¥ÎÁY±Æ¨Ó°Ï¤À¡A¦ý¦P¤@°Ï¬qªºÁY±Æ¤è¦¡n¤@P¡C if / else ¤T¤¸¹Bºâ¦¡ >>> if X: ... A=Y
- 9. >>> else: ... A=Z >>> x=1 >>> if x: ... a=2 ... else: ... a=3 ... >>> a 2 >>> b=2 if x else 3 >>> b 2 >>> x=0 >>> b=2 if x else 3 >>> b 3 >>> if <±ø¥ó1 > : ... #±Ôz1 >>> elif < ±ø¥ó2 > : ... #±Ôz2 >>> else : ... #±Ôz while °j°é ¦pªG§Æ±æ¤ÏÂаõ¦æ¬Y¤@¬qµ{¦¡½X¡Aª½¨ì¹F¦¨¬Y±ø¥ó«á¤~µ²§ô®É¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î while °j°é¡C >>> i=0 >>> while i<10: ... print i ... i+=1 ... 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 for °j°é ¦pªGn°w¹ï¤@Ó list ªº¸ê®Æ½d³ò§@°j°é¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îfor °j°é¡A·í¨C¦¸°õ¦æ®É¡A´N·|¨Ì§Ç±q list ¤¤¨ú¥X¤@Ó¤¸¯À¨Ó³B²z¡C >>> x=range(10) >>> x [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> for i in x: ... print i ... 0 1 2 3
- 10. 4 5 6 7 8 9 Y list ¤¤ªº¸ê®Æ¬O list ©Î tuple¸ê®Æ«¬ºA®É¡A¤]¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îfor °j°é¨Ó¨ú¥X¹ïÀ³ªº¤¸¯À¡A¦p¡G >>> dic={'name':'eric','email':'[email protected]'} >>> for k,v in dic.items(): ... print 'dic[%s]=%s'%(k,v) ... >>> dic[name]=eric >>> dic[email][email protected] >>> break?z·|¥ß§Y¸õÂ÷°j°é while °j°é¥i¥H·f°tbreak ¨Ó¤¤Â_©Î©¿²¤¬Y¤@³¡¥÷ªºµ{¦¡°j°é¡C >>> i=0 >>> while i<10: ... if i==5: break ... print i ... i+=1 ... 0 1 2 3 4 continue?z·|¸õ¦Ü³Ìªñ©Ò¦bªº°j°é §Y·í¦¸¤£°µ¡A¨Ó¨ì°j°é¶}ÀY¦C¡AÄ~Äò¤U¤@¦¸ >>> x=10 >>> while x: ... x-=1 ... if x%2!=0: continue ... print x ... 8 6 4 2 0 pass ?z¬O¤°»ò¨Æ¤]¤£°µ¡AÄ~Äò°õ¦æ¤U¤@Ó?z¡C >>> while 1: ... pass ... n«öctrl-C¤~·|°±¤î¡C try?z ·íµ{¦¡¦³¥i¯à°õ¦æ®É¥X²{¨Ò¥~¿ù»~¨Æ¥ó®É¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îtryªº±±¨î¶µ±Nµ{¦¡¥]§t¦b¨ä¤¤ ¡A¨ä¥Îªk¦p¤U¡G¡@ >>> while True: ... reply=raw_input('Enter number:') ... if reply=='stop': break ... try: ... num=int(reply)
- 11. ... except: ... print 'Bad!'*8 ... else: ... print int(reply)**2 ... print 'Bye' °õ¦æµ²ªG¡G python trySample.py Enter number:8 64 Enter number:9 81 Enter number:ee Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad! Enter number:i Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad! Enter number:stop Bye example : ¦p¦ó¥Îfor¤Îif/elseªº§PÂ_¦¡¡A¼g¥X¤U¦C¹Ï¥Ü * *** ***** ******* ***** *** * Ans: >>> intMaxSize=7 ... for i in range(1,intMaxSize*2+1,2): ... if i>intMaxSize: print '*'*(intMaxSize-(i-intMaxSize)) ... else: print '*'*i is ¥Îªk >>> 'abc' is 'qoo' False is not ¥Îªk >>> 'banana' is not 'apple' True in ¥Îªk >>> 'a' in 'apple' True ¯S®í¦r¤¸ d # ¼Æ¦r = [0-9] D # «D¼Æ¦r =[ ^0-9 ] s # ªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸ = [ tnrfv] S # «DªÅ¥Õ¦r¤¸ = [^ tnrfv] w # ¦r¥À»P¼Æ¦r =[0-9a-zA-Z] W # «D¦r¥À»P¼Æ¦r = [^0-9a-zA-Z]
- 12. µ{¦¡½d¨Ò1 # * = {0,} = 0~µL¦¸ >>> import re >>> print(re.findall('ab*', '1add2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0~n >>> print(re.findall('ab*', '1aabbbbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0~n >>> print(re.findall('ab{0,}', '1babbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0~n >>> print(re.findall('1[D]*', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1¶}ÀY¡A«á- ±«D¼Æ¦rªø«×¬°0~n >>> print(re.findall('1*c', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1ªø«×¬°0~n¡A«á±¥X²{c ['a'] ['a', 'abbbbb'] ['abbb'] ['1abc'] ['c'] µ{¦¡½d¨Ò2 # + = {1,} = 1~µL¦¸ >>> import re >>> print(re.findall('ab+', '1add2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°1~n >>> print(re.findall('ab+', '1aab2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°1~n >>> print(re.findall('ab{1,}', '1babbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°1~n >>> print(re.findall('1[D]+', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1¶}ÀY¡A«á- ±«D¼Æ¦rªø«×¬°0~n >>> print(re.findall('w+', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä¦r¥À»P¼Æ¦r¡Aªø«×¬°1~n >>> print(re.findall('[a-b1]+', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä¦r¥Àa-b©Î1¡Aªø«×¬°1~n [] ['ab'] ['abbb'] ['1abc'] ['1abc2'] ['1ab'] µ{¦¡½d¨Ò3 # ? = {0,1} = 0©Î1¦¸ >>> import re >>> print(re.findall('ab?', '1add2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0©Î1 >>> print(re.findall('ab?', '1aab2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0©Î1 >>> print(re.findall('ab?', '1babbb2')) # ´M§äa¶}ÀY¡A«á±bªø«×¬°0©Î1 >>> print(re.findall('1[D]?', '1abc2')) # ´M§ä1¶}ÀY¡A«á- ±«D¼Æ¦rªø«×¬°0©Î1 >>> print(re.findall('[a-b]', '1abc2')) # ´M§äa©Îb ['a'] ['a', 'ab'] ['ab'] ['1a'] ['a', 'b'] µ{¦¡½d¨Ò4 # ^ = ¦r¦êªº¶}ÀY (¥Î¦b¤¤¬A¸¹¤ºªº¤~¬O "«D" [^ ]) >>> import re >>> print(re.findall('^a', 'abc123')) # ¥Ha¬°¶}ÀYªº¦r >>> print(re.findall('^1', 'abc123')) # ¥H1¬°¶}ÀYªº¦r >>> print(re.findall('^D', 'abc123')) # «D¼Æ¦r¶}ÀYªº¦r >>> print(re.findall('^[D]+', 'abc123')) # «D¼Æ¦r¶}ÀY¡Aªø«×¬°1~n¦¸ >>> print(re.findall('^w+', 'abc123')) # ¦r¥À©Î¼Æ¦r¶}ÀY¡Aªø«×¬°1~n¦¸ ['a'] [] ['a'] ['abc'] ['abc123'] µ{¦¡½d¨Ò5 # $ = ¦r¦êªºµ²§À >>> import re >>> print(re.findall('1$', 'abc123')) # ¥H1µ²§Àªº¦r >>> print(re.findall('3$', 'abc123')) # ¥H3µ²§Àªº¦r >>> print(re.findall('d$', 'abc123')) # ¥H¼Æ¦rµ²§Àªº¦r >>> print(re.findall('d+$', 'abc123')) # ¥H¼Æ¦rµ²§Àªº¦r¡Aªø«×¬°1~n >>> print(re.findall('[w]+$', 'abc123')) # ¦r¥À©Î¼Æ¦rµ²§À¡Aªø«×¬°1~n [] ['3'] ['3'] ['123'] ['abc123'] ¨ç¦¡¡Gfindall() ´M§ä¥þ³¡ >>> import re >>> text = 'shdfluihnlsdgjlsrfjileghluiesrgl3h42h3583593hu6i4h32896h3896h2436jl423j84936j23 l4jt4lfff9m39m39f' >>> pwd = re.findall('d',text) >>> print(pwd) ['3', '4', '2', '3', '5', '8', '3', '5', '9', '3', '6', '4', '3', '2', '8', '9',
- 13. '6', '3', '8', '9', '6', '2', '4', '3', '6', '4', '2', '3', '8', '4', '9', '3', '6', '2', '3', '4', '4', '9', '3', '9', '3', '9'] python ¨ç¦¡³B²z ·í¦³¤@¬qµ{¦¡½X»Ýn«Âаõ¦æ®É¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H±N¦¹¬qµ{¦¡½X©w¸q¦¨¤@Ө禡(function) ¡A¥H§Q§@¬°«áÄò©I¥s¨Ï¥Î¡C ¨ç¦¡ªº©w¸q §ÚÌ¥i¥H³z¹Ldef ªº¤è¦¡¨Ó©w¸q¨ç¦¡¦WºÙ def <name>(arg1,arg2,.....,argN): <statements> Y¦³¦^¶ÇÈ¡A¥i©w¸q¬° def <name>(arg1,arg2,.....,argN): <statements> return <vaule1,value2,.....,valueN) ¦p¡G >>> def plusAndMulti(x,y): ... intPlus=x+y ... intMulti=x*y ... print 'x+y=%s'%intPlus ... print 'x*y=%s'%intMulti >>> plusAndMulti(10,20) x+y=30 x*y=200 >>> def getPlusResult(x,y): ... return x+y >>> getPlusResult(10,20) 30 >>> def getFirstAndLastElement(lst): ... if not len(lst)>0: return None,None ... return lst[0],lst[len(lst)-1] >>> lst=[1,2,3,4,5] >>> getFirstAndLastElement(lst) (1, 5) >>> lst=[5] >>> getFirstAndLastElement(lst) (5, 5) >>> lst=[] >>> getFirstAndLastElement(lst) (None, None) >>> lst=[1,2,3,4,5] >>> b,c=getFirstAndLastElement(lst) >>> print b,c 1 5 ¨ç¦¡¹w³]°Ñ¼ÆÈ ¦b©w¸q¨ç¦¡®É¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H³]©w°Ñ¼Æªº¹w³]È¡A·í©I¥s¨ç¦¡®É¨S¦³±a¤J¦¹°Ñ¼Æ®É¡A¨t²Î´N·| ¥H¹w³]ªº°Ñ¼ÆȨӴÀ¥N¡C >>> def getPlusResult(x,y=5):
- 14. ... return x+y >>> getPlusResult(4) 9 ª`·N¡G·í°Ñ¼Æ¬O¤@Ó½ÆÂøªº¸ê®Æµ²ºc®É(«D¼Æ¦r©Î¦r¦ê)¡A¸ê®Æ¤º®e¥i¯à·| ¦]¬°²Ö¿n®ÄÀ³¦ÓÁ׶}¤F¹w³]Ȫº³]©w¡C¦p¡G >>> def appendList(x,y=[]): ... y.append(x) ... return y >>> appendList(3) [3] >>> appendList(4) [3, 4] >>> appendList(5) [3, 4, 5] ¨Ï¥ÎÃöÁä¦r¶ñ¤J°Ñ¼ÆÈ ·í©w¸q¨ç¦¡»Ýn¶Ç¤J¦hӰѼÆȮɡA°£¤F¥i¥H«ö¶¶§Ç¶ñ¤J°Ñ¼ÆÈ¥H¥~¡A¤] ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î«ü©w°Ñ¼Æ¦WºÙ¨Ó¶ñ¤J°Ñ¼ÆÈ¡A¦p¦¹´N¥i¥H¤£¥²¨Ì·Ó¶¶§Ç¤F¡C >>> def getGreeting(greeting,name='anonymous',postfix='.'): ... return '%s, %s%s'%(greeting, name, postfix) >>> getGreeting('Hello',postfix='?') 'Hello, anonymous?' >>> getGreeting('Hi','Gina','~') 'Hi, Gina~' >>> getGreeting(postfix='!',name='Tina',greeting='Yo') 'Yo, Tina!' ª`·N¡G¦b¨ç¼Æ©w¸q®É¡A¾¨¥i¯à±N¨S¦³¹w³]- Ȫº°Ñ¼Æ±Æ¦b¥ª°¼¡A¥H«K¦b¥¼«ü©w°Ñ¼Æ¦WºÙ®É¡A¨t²Î¯à¹ïÀ³¨ì¥¿½Tªº°Ñ¼Æ¡C ¤£©wÓ¼Æ°Ñ¼Æ ·í§A¦b¦Ò¼{¨ç¦¡®É¡AYµLªk½T©w¥i¯à±a¤J°Ñ¼ÆªºÓ¼Æ®É¡A¥i¥H¦b©w¸q¨ç¦¡®É¨Ï¥Î '*' ¥Nªí¤ £©wӼưѼƨөw¸q¨ç¦¡°Ñ¼Æ¡C >>> def getMultiGreeting(greeting, *name): ... multiName=','.join(name) ... print '%s'%type(name) ... return '%s: %s'%(greeting,multiName) >>> getMultiGreeting('Hello','eric','Tina','Gina') <type 'tuple'> 'Hello: eric,Tina,Gina' >>> getMultiGreeting('Hello','eric','Tina','Gina','Tom','David') <type 'tuple'> 'Hello: eric,Tina,Gina,Tom,David' ª`·N¡G¥Ñ '*' ©Ò©w¸qªº°Ñ¼Æ¬O¥Htuple«¬ºA¦s¦b¡A¦]¦¹¥i¥H§â¥¦·ítuple¨Ó¾Þ§@¥¦¡C Y¨Ï¥Î '**' ¨Ó©w¸q°Ñ¼Æ¡A«h¥i¥H§â¥¦·í¦¨dictªº¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¾Þ§@¥¦¡C¦p¡G >>> def getUsersNameEmail(name,**options): ... print 'StudentName:%s'%name ... if options.has_key('age'): print 'Age:%s'%options['age']
- 15. ... if options.has_key('email'): print 'Email:%s'%options['email'] >>> getUsersNameEmail('eric',age=17,email='[email protected]') StudentName:eric Age: 17 Email: [email protected] ¨ç¦¡¡Gsub() ¨ú¥N # re.sub() >>> import re >>> pwd = re.sub('D','',text) #¤£¬O¼Æ¦rªº¨ú¥N¦¨ªÅ¦r¦ê >>> print (pwd) 342358359364328963896243642384936234493939 ¨ç¦¡¡Gjoin() ¦ê³slist >>> tmp = re.findall('d', text) # ¬D¥X«D¼Æ¦r¡A²Õ¦¨list >>> pwd = ''.join(tmp) # ±N¦ê¦C³s±µ°_¨Ó¡A¤¤¶¡¤ £¶ë¥ô¦ó¸ê®Æ >>> print (pwd) 8784709893727894859089 Python ªºª«¥ó³]p ¦bpython ¤¤°£¤F¥i¥H©w¸q¨ç¦¡¥~¡A¥¦¤]¦P¼Ë¦³ª«¥ó¾É¦Vªº³]- p¡AclassÃöÁä¦r«h¬O¥Î¨Ó©w¸qª«¥óªºÃþ§O¡Aª«¥óÃþ§O¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó²£¥Íª«¥ó¹êÅé ( instance) ¡A©Ò¥H¥¦¤]¥i¥Hµø¬°¬O¤@ºØ¸ê®Æ«¬ºA¡C >>> class Student(object): ... number='' ... def __init__(self,number): ... self.number=number ... def set_number(self,number): ... self.number=number ... def get_number(self): ... return self.number >>> std=Student('') >>> print std.get_number() >>> std=Student('N90000001') >>> print std.get_number() N90000001 >>> std.set_number('N00010001') >>> print std.get_number() N00010001 Studentª«¥óÃþ§O¤U©w¸q¤F " __init__"¡B" set_number"¡B"get_number"¤TӨ禡¡A¨C¤@- Ө禡ªº²Ä¤@ӰѼƳ£¥²¶·¬Oself¡A¬O¥Î¨Ó¥Nªí©I¥s¦¹¨ç¦¡ªºª«¥ó¹êÅé¡C number¬O¦¹ª«¥óªºÄÝ©Ê(attribute)¡A set_number»Pget_number¬O¦¹ª«¥óªº¤èªk(method)¡A __init__¤èªk¬Oª«¥óªº«Øºc¤l(constructor)¡A¬O¦b«Ø¥ßª«¥ó¹êÅé®É¨t²Î¹w³]©I¥sªº¨ç¦¡¡A ¦b¤Wz¨Ò¤l¤¤«Ø¥ßstd=Student('N90000001')ª«¥óstd®É¡A ´N¬O¹ïÀ³¨ìª«¥óÃþ§O¤Uªº__init__¨ç¦¡¡A'N90000001'«h¬O¹ïÀ³¨ìnumber°Ñ¼Æ- È¡Aset_number»Pget_numberªº¤èªk¦bª«¥ó²£¥Í®É ´N¥i¥Hª½±µ¨Ï¥Î¡AÃþ¦ü©ójava»y¨¥ªºpublic¤èªk¡A¦p std.set_number('N00010001') ¡Bstd.get_number()¡C Ãþ§O©w¸q§¹¦¨«á¡A¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó²£¥Í³¦hªºª«¥ó¹êÅé¡A¦Uª«¥ó¹êÅ鶡¨Ã¤£·|¤¬¬Û¼vÅT¡C
- 16. >>> s1=Student('N99010001') >>> s2=Student('N99020002') >>> s3=Student('N99030003') >>> print s1.get_number() N99010001 >>> print s2.get_number() N99020002 ¥t¥~¡A¦b¤Wzªº¨Ò¤l¤¤¡AnumberÄݩʤ]¬OÄÝ©ópublicªºÄÝ©Ê¡Aª«¥ó¥i¥Hª½±µ§ïÅÜnumberªºÈ¡C >>> s1.number='N99040004' >>> print s1.get_number() N99040004 Y¤£·QnÅýÄݩʩΤèªk¥i¥Hª½±µ³Q®³¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H§Q¥Î¨âÓ©³½u " __"§@¬°«e¸m¦r¦ê¡A¨Ó±N¥¦ÌÁôÂð_¨Ó¡AÃþ¦üjava»y¨¥ªºprotected©Îprivate¥Îªk¡C >>> class Student(object): ... __number='' ... def __init__(self,number): ... self.__number=number ... self.__initSomething() ... def set_number(self,number): ... self.__number=number ... def get_number(self): ... return self.__number ... def __initSomething(self): ... print 'init something....' >>> s1=Student('N99010001') init something.... >>> s1.__name Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: 'Student' object has no attribute '__name' >>> s1.__initSomething() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: 'Student' object has no attribute '__initSomething' >>> s1.get_number() 'N99010001' ¦ý¹ï©ó¤F¸Ñpython»y¨¥ªÌ¦Ó¨¥¡A¨ä¹ê³oºØ¤è¦¡¥u¬O±N³o¨Ç¤èªk¤ÎÄÝ©Ê´«Ó¦W¤l¦Ó¤w¡AY¯u- n©I¥s¥¦Ì¡A¤´µM¬O¥i¥H°µ±o¨ì¡A¥u¬On¦h¤@¹Dµ{§Ç¦Ó¤w¡A§Y¦b¤èªk©ÎÄݩʪº«e±¥[¤W " _ª«¥óÃþ§O¦WºÙ" ¤~¯àª½±µ¦s¨ú¡C©Ò¥H¡A¥u¦³±oª¾Ãþ§O¦WºÙªº¤~¯àª½±µ¦s¨ú±o¨ì¡A³o¼ËÁÙ¬O¥i¥H°µ¨ì°ò¥»ªº¸ê °TÁôÂáC >>> s1._Student__number 'N99010001' >>> s1._Student__initSomething() init something.... python ªºª«¥óÄ~©Ó ª«¥óªºÄ~©ÓÃö«Y( inheritance)¡A¥i²¤ÆÁc½Æ³]- pªºµ{¦¡½X¡AÅýª«¥ó«O¯d¥Àª«¥óªºÄݩʤΤèªk¡A¨Ã¥i¥H¥[¤W©Î- קï¦Û¤vªºÄÝ©Ê»P¤èªk¡A³oºØ¤è¦¡¤j¤j´£°ªµ{¦¡³]pªº®Ä²v¡AÄ~©Óªº¤èªk ´N¬O¦bª«¥óÃþ§O¦WºÙ«áªº¤p¬A¸¹¤¤¡A©ñ¤J-
- 17. nÄ~©Óªºª«¥óÃþ§O¦WºÙ(¦pStudentª«¥óÃþ§OÄ~©Ó¤Fobjectª«¥ó¡C >>> class Student(object): ... number='' ... def __init__(self,number): ... self.number=number ... self.__initSomething() ... def set_number(self,number): ... self.number=number ... def get_number(self): ... return self.number ... def __initSomething(self): ... print 'init something....' >>> class TimeWorker(Student): ... __name='' ... def __init__(self,number,name): ... self.number=number ... self.__name=name ... def set_name(self,name): ... self.__name=name ... def get_name(self): ... return self.__name >>> tw=TimeWorker('N95050005','eric') >>> tw.get_number() 'N95050005' >>> tw.get_name() 'eric' ª`·N¡GY¬On³QÄ~©Óª«¥ó¤¤ªº¦¨û®É¡A¥i¨Ï¥Îsuper( )¤èªk©I¥s¥ÀÃþ§O¤èªk©ÎÄÝ©Ê¡A¦p- n©I¥s¥ÀÃþ§Oªº__init__³]©w«Øºc¤l¡A©ñ¤Jªì©lÈ¡C >>> class Student(object): ... __number='' ... def __init__(self,number): ... self.__number=number ... self.__initSomething() ... def set_number(self,number): ... self.__number=number ... def get_number(self): ... return self.__number ... def __initSomething(self): ... print 'init something....' >>> class TimeWorker(Student): ... __name='' ... def __init__(self,number,name): ... super(TimeWorker,self).__init__(number) ... self.__name=name ... def set_name(self,name): ... self.__name=name ... def get_name(self): ... return self.__name >>> tw=TimeWorker('N95050005','eric') init something.... >>> tw.get_number() 'N95050005' python ªºÀɮ׳B²z
- 18. python n¶}±ÒÀɮ׮ɡA¥i©I¥s¤º«Øªº¨ç¦¡ open(filename, mode)¡Amode¦³¦hºØ¿ï¾Ü¡G 'r' ¡G ¶}±ÒÀɮ׬°Åª¨ú¼Ò¦¡¡A¦¹¬°¹w³]¼Ò¦¡¡C 'w'¡G¶}±ÒÀɮ׬°¥i¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡¡AYÀɮצs¦b¡A«h·|³QÂл¤º®e¡C 'a'¡G¶}±ÒÀɮ׬°¥i¶i¦æ§ÀºÝªþ¥[¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡¡C 'b'¡GÀɮ׶i¦æ¤G¶i¦ì¸ê®Æ³B²z °Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡Ghttps://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and- writing-files ÀÉ®×¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡ >>> f = open('workfile', 'w') >>> f.write('This is the entire file.n') >>> print f <open file 'workfile', mode 'w' at 0x020C4D88> >>> f.close() ÀÉ®×Ū¨ú¼Ò¦¡ >>> myfile=open('workfile') >>> myfile.readline() 'This is the entire file.n' >>> myfile.readline() '' >>> f= open("rw_test", "w") # w¥Nªí¼g¤J¡Aw+«h¬O¨S¦³Àɮתº¸Ü·|¦Û°Ê·s¼W >>> f.write("Hello 123") >>> f.close() >>> f = open ("rw_test", "r") # r¥NªíŪ¨ú >>> f.read() 'Hello 123' Àɮתþ¥[¼g¤J¼Ò¦¡ >>> f = open('workfile', 'a') >>> f.write('Second line of the filen') >>> f.close() >>> myfile=open('workfile') >>> myfile.readline() 'This is the entire file.n' >>> myfile.readline() 'Second line of the filen' >>> myfile.readline() '' >>> data=open('workfile').read() >>> print data This is the entire file. pythonªº¨Ò¥~³B²z ·ípythonªºµ{¦¡½X¦b°õ¦æ®É¡AYµo¥Í»yªk©Îµ{¦¡¹Bºâ¿ù»~®É¡A¨t²Î´N·|¥á¥X¤@- Ó¨Ò¥~(Exception)¿ù»~¡A¦p¡G >>> i=0 >>> 10/i Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero >>> whild i<10: print i File "<stdin>", line 1 whild i<10: print i ^
- 19. SyntaxError: invalid syntax ¤Wz¨Ò¤l´N¬O·í¸ê®Æ«¬ºA©Î»yªk¿ù»~®É¡Apython ª½Ä¶¾¹´N·|? ¥X(throw)ZeroDivisionError¤ÎSyntaxErrorªº¿ù»~¡A¦pªG¨S¦³¦n¦n³B²z¡Aµ{¦¡´N·|¤ ¤Â_¦b¦¹¡AµLªk«ùÄò¶i¦æ¡C §ÚÌ¥i¥H°w¹ï¯S©wªº¨Ò¥~¿ù»~¨Ó«Ø¥ß±µ¦¬¿ù»~³B²zªºµ{¦¡°Ï¬q >>> try: ... n=10/0 ... print n ... except ZeroDivisionError: ... print 'Davided by 0' ... Davided by 0 ¦¹§Y·í§Ú̹w´Áªº¿ù»~µo¥Í®É¡A´N¥i¥H³z¹L¨Æ«e³]p¦nªº³W«h¨Ó³B²z¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº¿ù»~±¡ªp¡C ¦pªG§A³]pªºµ{¦¡°Ï¶ô¦³¥i¯àµo¥Í³¦h¦UºØ¤£¦Pªº¨Ò¥~±¡ªp¡A§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¦hÓ¤ £¦Pªºexcept¨Ó³B²z©Î¬O¨Ï¥Îelse¨Ó³B²z¨ä¥L¨S¦³³B²z¨ìªº¨Ò¥~ª¬ªp¡C >>> try: ... readFile=open('testFile.txt','r') ... firstLine=readFile.readline() ... intNum=int(firstLine) ... print intNum ... except IOError: ... print 'Error on opening file or reading first line.' ... except ValueError: ... print 'Cannot convert first line to integer.' ... else: ... print 'Unknow Error' ... finally: ... print 'finally....' YÀɮפ£¦s¦b¡A«h·|¥X²{ Error on opening file or reading first line. finally.... YÀɮצs¦b¡A¦ý¤º®eµLªkÂà´«¦¨¾ã¼Æ®É Cannot convert first line to integer. finally.... ¦pªG¨S¦³µo¥Í¨Ò¥~¡A°£¤F·|°õ¦æ¥Xµ²ªG¥~¡Aelseªº¤º®e¤]·|°õ¦æ ... 45 Unknow Error finally.... finally?zªº¤º®e«h¬O¤£ºÞ°õ¦æµ²ªG¥¿±`©Î¬Oµo¥Í¨Ò¥~®É¡A¥¦³£·|Â÷¶}try¤§«e°õ¦æ¡C ¥t¥~¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H±N¿ù»~°T®§Åª¨ú¥X¨Ó¡A¦p¡G >>> try: ... readFile=open('testFile1.txt','r') ... firstLine=readFile.readline() ... intNum=int(firstLine) ... print intNum ... except Exception as ex: ... print 'Error message is %s'%ex ... else: ... print 'Unknow Error' ... finally:
- 20. ... print 'finally....' ... Error message is [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'testFile1.txt' finally.... python ¦Ûq¨Ò¥~³B²z ¦bµ{¦¡½X¤¤¡AY¯à¹w´ú·|µo¥Íªº¨Ò¥~±¡§Î¡A§A´N¥i¥H¨Ï¥ÎraiseÃöÁä¦r¨Ó¤â°Ê?¥X¤@- Ó¨Ò¥~ª«¥ó¡C >>> def getDivisionResult(intNum1,intNum2): ... if not intNum2: ... raise ZeroDivisionError('Number 2 can not be zero') ... else: ... return intNum1/intNum2 >>> try: ... getDivisionResult(10,0) ... except ZeroDivisionError as err: ... print 'Error Message is %s'%err ... Error Message is Number 2 can not be zero >>> >>> try: ... getDivisionResult(10,5) ... except ZeroDivisionError as err: ... print 'Error Message is %s'%err ... 2 >>> ¦UºØ«¬¦¡ªºerror ª«¥ó¡A¥i°Ñ¦Ò¡Ghttps://docs.python.org/2/library/exceptions.html ¥t¥~¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H¦Û¦æ©w¸q¨Ò¥~ª«¥ó¡A¦Û¦æ©w¸qªºª«¥ó¡A¥²¶·nÄ~©Ó¦ÛExceptionª«¥óÃþ§O¡C >>> class DivisionErr(Exception): ... def __init__(self,msg): ... self.message=msg >>> def getDivisionResult(intNum1,intNum2): ... if not intNum2: ... raise DivisionErr('Number 2 can not be zero') ... else: ... return intNum1/intNum2 >>> try: ... getDivisionResult(10,0) ... except DivisionErr as err: ... print err.message ... Number 2 can not be zero Y§A·Q- nÅý§A©w¸qªºª«¥ó¹êÅé¹³¤@¯ë±`¨£¨ìªº¨Ò¥~ª«¥ó¤@¼Ë¡A¯à°÷ª½±µ³z¹Lª«¥ó¹êÅé¨Ó¿é¥X®É¡A§A¥ ²¶·¦bª«¥ó¤¤¥[¤J __str__ ªºª«¥ó¤èªk¡C >>> class DivisionErr(Exception): ... def __init__(self,msg): ... self.message=msg ... def __str__(self):
- 21. ... return self.message >>> def getDivisionResult(intNum1,intNum2): ... if not intNum2: ... raise DivisionErr('Number 2 can not be zero') ... else: ... return intNum1/intNum2 >>> try: ... getDivisionResult(10,0) ... except DivisionErr as err: ... print 'Error message is %s'%err ... Error message is Number 2 can not be zero python ªº¼Ò²Õ³]p ¦bÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¶}µoªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A§ÚÌ·|±N¬ÛÃöªº¨ç¦¡©ÎÃþ§Oµ{¦¡½X²Õ¦X¦b¦P¤@¤äµ{¦¡¡A³oÓ§Ú- ̺٤§¬°¼Ò²Õ¡A·í³oÓ¼Ò²Õ»Ýn³Q¨ä¥¦µ{¦¡¤Þ¥Î®É¡A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Îimport ªº«ü¥O¨Ó±N¼Ò²Õ¤Þ¤J¡A¸g±`¤@ÓÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¬O¥²¶·n¤Þ¥Î¦h- Ó¼Ò²Õmodule¤~¯à§¹¦¨À³°õ¦æªº¥ô°È¡C ¹ï¨C¤@ÓpythonÀɮצӨ¥¡A§Ṳ́]¥i¥H±N¥¦µø¬°¤@Ó¼Ò²Õ¡A¨Ò¦p¡A§Ú̦bmyMathFun.pyÀɮפ ¤³]p¤@Ó¥i¥Hpºâ¶¥¼h¥[Á`ªº¨ç¦¡¡G >>> # myMathFun.py >>> def sumHierarchy(n): ... if n<2: return 1 ... else: return n+sumHierarchy(n-1) ¦pªGn¦b¨ä¥¦ªºµ{¦¡¤¤°õ¦æ¡A´N¥²¶·§Q¥Îimport ªº»yªk©Îfrom xxx import xxxªº»yªk±N¼Ò²Õ©Î¼Ò²Õ¤¤ªº¨ç¦¡¤Þ¤J¡G >>> # main.py >>> import myMathFun >>> def main(): ... print '1+2+...5= %d'%myMathFun.sumHierarchy(5) >>> if __name__=='__main__': ... main() ·ín¤Þ¤J¯S©wª«¥óÃþ§O©Î¨ç¦¡®É¡G >>> # main.py >>> from myMathFun import sumHierarchy >>> def main(): ... print '1+2+...5= %d'%sumHierarchy(5) >>> if __name__=='__main__': ... main() °õ¦æµ²ªG¬°¡G python main.py 1+2+...5= 15
- 22. ¦b¤Wz¨Ò¤l¤¤ __name__ ±`¼Æ¬O¨C¤@Ó¼Ò²Õ³£¦³ªº¤º«Ø±`¼Æ¡A³oÓ±`¼ÆªºÈ ´N¬O¼Ò²Õªº¦WºÙ(¤]¬OÀɮתº¦WºÙ)¡A·ípythonª½Ä¶¾¹¦b°õ¦æ¤@ÓpythonÀɮ׮ɡA¥¦·| ±N¦¹±`¼Æ__name__ªºÈ§ï¦¨__main__¤]´N¬O¤Á¤Jµ{¦¡°õ¦æªºÂI¡A©Ò¥H¦b¦¹ if §PÂ_¦¡¤ ¤©Ò°õ¦æªº¨ç¦¡©Îµ{¦¡´N·|¦bµ{¦¡¤@¶}©l°õ¦æ®É³Q¸ü¤J¹B§@¡C python ®M¥ó³B²z ¦bpython¤¤¡A§A¥i¥H±N¦hÓ¦PÃþ«¬©ÎÄݩʪº¼Ò²Õ¶°¤¤¦b¦P¤@ӥؿý¤¤¡A¨Ã¦b¥Ø¿ý¤¤¥[¤J __init__.pyªºÀɮסA¨Ó²Õ¦X¦¨¤@Ó®M¥ó¡C °²³]¦³Ó®M¥óªº¥Ø¿ý¦¨ûµ²ºc¦p¤U¡G mylib/ __init__.py myMathFun.py countNum.py Yn¤Þ¤JmyMathFun¼Ò²Õ¡A¥i¥H¦bÀɮפW¤è¥[¤J >>> from mylib import myMathFun Yn¨Ï¥ÎmyMathFun¤¤ªºÃþ§Oª«¥ó©Î¨ç¦¡¡A¥i¥Î >>> #main.py >>> from mylib import myMathFun ..... ..... >>> myMathFun.sumHierarchy(5) ¦b __init__.py¤¤©Ò©w¸qªºª«¥óÃþ§O©Î¨ç¦¡¡A¥iª½±µ¤Þ¤J¨Ï¥Î¡C >>> #mylib/__init__,py >>> def sayHello(): ... print ("hello') >>> #main.py >>> from mylib import sayHello ..... ..... >>> sayHello() ¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ ½d¨Ò1¡G¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ >>> import random # ¸ü¤Jrandom¼Ò²Õ >>> print(random.randint(2,29)) # ¨Ï¥Î¨ä¤¤ªºrandint¨ç¦¡ >>> from random import randinr # ¸ü¤Jrandomªºrandint¼Ò²Õ >>> print(randint(2,29)) # ¨Ï¥Î®É¤£¥Î¼g¤@¤j¦ê ½d¨Ò2¡GŪ²Õºô¶ >>> from urllib.request import urlopen # ¸ü¤JŪ¨úºô¶¼Ò²Õ >>> data = urlopen("http://www.cs.pu.edu.tw/~ylyang/vcs_git.html").read() >>> str = data.decode() # Âনutf-8®æ¦¡ >>> print (str) python ¤pµ{¦¡»s§@½d¨Ò ¸Õ§Q¥Î¼Ò²Õ³]p¤@Ó¥i¥H¿ï¾Ü¤GºØ¹Bºâªºpythonµ{¦¡ (1)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤GÓ¾ã¼Æ¥|«h¹Bºâªº¹Bºâ¾¹ (2)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤@Ó¾ã¼ÆÈ,¨Ãpºâ¥¦ªº¶¥¼h¼¿n (3)Â÷¶}
- 23. ¸Ñµª: # homework.py # coding: utf-8 import re,math def isValidFormula(strFormula): regexp =re.compile(r'd{1,5}[+|-|*|/]d{1,5}') if regexp.search(strFormula): return True return False def getArithmeticResult(strFormula): try: if isValidFormula(strFormula): return eval(strFormula) else: return 'input error' except: return 'input error' def getFactorialResult(strNum): if strNum.isdigit(): return math.factorial(int(strNum)) else: return 'input error' def main(): while True: print u''' ½Ð¿ï¾Ü (1)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤GÓ¾ã¼Æ¥|«h¹Bºâªº¹Bºâ¾¹ (2)¥i¥H¿é¤J¤@Ó¾ã¼ÆÈ,¨Ãpºâ¥¦ªº¶¥¼h¼¿n (3)Â÷¶} ''' strChoice=raw_input('Select:') if strChoice.strip()=='1': print u'½Ð¿é¤J¹Bºâ¦¡:' strFormula=raw_input() print u'%s=%s'%(strFormula,getArithmeticResult(strFormula)) elif strChoice.strip()=='2': print u'½Ð¿é¤J¶¥¼h¼Æ¦r:' strNum=raw_input() print u'%s!=%s'%(strNum,getFactorialResult(strNum)) elif strChoice.strip()=='3': break else: print 'your choice is error' print '==========================================' if __name__=='__main__': main()