Python | What is Python | History of Python | Python Tutorial

The term "scripting" is also used loosely or weakly typed or light weight programming
to refer to dynamic high-level general-purpose languages. Scripting languages are
becoming more popular due to the emergence of web-based applications.
Script languages are two main types:
 1. Executing commands in batch mode
Example: .bat (MSDOS) .sh(Shell-UNIX)
 2. Designed for text processing and report generation
Example: sed, awk(Aho, Weinberger, and Kernighan)
Client-side scripting languages affecting the data that the end user sees in a
browser window. Server-side scripting languages are manipulate the data,
usually in a database, on the server. Scripts are Glue code, also called binding
code, is custom-written programming that connects incompatible software
components.

Scripting Languages are Classified into the following two types:
1. Client Side Scripting Languages
2. Server Side Scripting Languages
CLIENT SIDE SCRIPTING LANGUAGES
The script which is running within the browser is called as client side scripting.
 Live Script
 JavaScript
 jQuery etc.
 Type Script
 Action Script
 VBScript
 HTML (Structure)
 CSS (Designing)
 AJAX

Server Side Scripts
The Script which is running within the web server is called as
server side scripting.
 Python ==>SimpleHTTPServer
 ASP ==>IIS (Internet Information Services)
 JSP ==>Tomcat/Sun Java System Web Server
 PHP ==>Apache
 CGI ==> Common Gateway Interface
 Server-side JavaScript (SSJS) Example. node.js
 PERL Practical Extraction and Reporting Language
 R Programming Language

Characteristics of Interpreted Languages
 1 Interpreted languages is that they require no compilation.
 2 Makes them easy to learn and use
 3 Assumes minimum programming knowledge or experience
 4 Allows complex tasks to be performed in relatively few steps
Characteristics of Compiled Languages
 1 Programming language whose implementations are typically compilers
 2 Intermediate code generation
 3 Code optimisation
 4 Machine code generation

Scripting Languages:
 1. Interpreted based (Read Line by Line)
 2. Implicit Declaration of data types
 3. Limited Support for Application Development
 4. Limited Support for Graphics Design or Game(s) Development
 5. Easily Integrated with other Technologies
Programming Languages:
 1. Compiler based
 2. Explicit Declaration of data types
 3. Rich Support for Application Development
 4. Rich Support for Graphics Design or Game(s) Development
 5. Difficult to Inegrate with Other Technologies

IMPERATIVE PARADIGM
 That uses statements that change a program's state. It consists of commands for the
computer to perform. Paradigm means Model or Pattern
Procedural Programming Paradigm
 It is based on the concept of using procedures. Procedure (sometimes also called
subprogram, routine or method) is a sequence of commands to be executed.
Example: C, Pascal
Object-oriented Programming Paradigm
 It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which may contain
data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes.
Example: C++, Simula (Simulation Programming Language), JAVA
Mutable:
 A mutable object is any object which can be modified after it’s created.
Immutable:
 An immutable object is an object that can’t be modified after it’s created.

 A style of building the structure and elements of computer programs,
that expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control
flow.
Functional Programming Paradigm
 It is the process of building software by composing pure functions,
avoiding shared state, mutable data, and side-effects.
Example: LISP (List Processing)
Logical Programming Paradigm:
 Logic programming is a type of programming paradigm which is largely
based on formal logic.
Example: PROLOG (Programming in Logic)

 Python is an easy to learn, powerful programming language. The application
development process much faster and easier. Python is available under the
license GNU General Public License (GPL) or Free Software Foundation
(FSF).
OR
 Python is a multi-paradigm Programming language invented by Guido Van
Rossum.
 Multi-paradigm==> "paradigm" refers to object-oriented, procedural,
functional, logical, etc.

1. Invented in the Netherlands in early 1990s by Guido Van Rossum at
CWI (Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica) now at Google.
2. Python was named for the BBC TV show "Monty Python's Flying
Circus".
3. Open source and interpreted language.
4. Considered a scripting language, but is much more than that
5. Scalable, object oriented and functional.
6. Used by Google and Microsoft, increasingly popular.
7. Python job trends from indeed.com shows remarkable increase
8. Python is at the top of the list among the top-Java, JavaScript and
PHP

Software Quality
 Python focuses on readability, coherence, and software quality in general which sets it
apart from other languages in the scripting world.
Developer Productivity
 Python code is typically one-third to one-fifth the size of equivalent C++ or Java code.
That means there is less to type, less to debug, and less to maintain.
Program Portability
 Python programs run unchanged on all major computer platforms. For Example:
Windows, Linux, MAC OS etc.
Support Libraries
 Python comes with a large collection of prebuilt and portable functionality, known as
the Standard Library
Component Integration
 Python scripts can easily communicate with other parts of an application, using a
variety of integration mechanisms.
Enjoyment
 Because of Python’s ease of use and built-in toolset, it makes the programming more pleasurable.

 1 Easy to Learn and use
 2 Expressive Language
 3 Interpreted Language
 4 Cross-platform language (Mac OS X, Windows, Linux, and Unix)
 5 Free to Install and Open Source
 6 Object-Oriented language
 7 Extensible, Awesome online community
 8 Large Standard Library
 9 GUI Programming
 10 Python is easy to integrate with other language like C, C++ and
JAVA etc

 It is an interpreted language
 Might take up more CPU time.
 It's near impossible to build a high-graphic 3D game using
Python.
 Not Fully Object Oriented Scripting

1) General-purpose programming
2) Automatic memory management
3) It has a large and comprehensive standard library
4) Python is a strong high level language
5) Python is interpreted
6) Python is reflective (ability of a program to examine the type or
properties of an object at runtime.)
7) It is a dynamical type
8) It is an open source
9) Automatic garbage collection.
10) It is a multi paradigm

There are a many version of python started from 1994 to current date.
Python Version Released Date
 Python 1.0 January 1994
 Python 2.0 16 October 2000
 Python 2.7 3 July 2010 (Major Version)
 Python 3.0("Py-3000“/"Py3K) 3 December 2008 (Successful version)
 Python 3.3 29 September 2012
 Python 3.6 December 23, 2016
import sys
 print (sys.version)
import platform
 platform.python_version()

 1. YouTube
 2. Google
 3. DropBox
 4. RospBerryPI
 5. BitTorrent
 6. NASA
 7. NSA
 8. NETFLIX
 9. Yahoo
 10. Honeywell , HP , Philips and United Space Alliance

 Web Development: Django, Pyramid, Bottle, Tornado, Flask, web2py
 GUI Development: tkInter, PyGObject, PyQt, PySide, Kivy, wxPython
 Scientific and Numeric: SciPy, Pandas, Ipython
 Software Development: Buildbot, Trac, Roundup
 System Administration: Ansible, Salt, OpenStack
DEFINE PSF
 It (PSF-2001) is an organization devoted to advancing open source technology
related to the Python programming language. (PEPs ==> Python Enhancement
Proposals
 Python Software Foundation
 PyPI ==> Python Package Index

Your C/C++
Traditional Uses of Python
Program
Script.py
Artificial
Intelligence
System
Utilities
Cpython
Interpreter
GUIs(Tkinter, gtk,
Windows)
Internet
Scripting
Embedded
Scripting
Database
Programming
Image
Processing

There are at least five implementations of the Python language
CPython
 CPython is the original Python implementation. It is the implementation you download
from Python.org
Jython
 Jython is an implementation of the Python programming language designed to run on
the Java platform
IronPython
 It is an open-source implementation of the Python programming language which is
tightly integrated with the .NET Framework
Stackless
 Stackless Python, or Stackless, is a Python programming language interpreter. Written
in C, Python
PyPy
 PyPy is an alternate implementation of the Python programming language written in
Python. Interpreter is written in RPython. are at least five implementations of the
Python language

 1. Keywords are the reserved words
 2. We can not use a keyword as variable name, function name or
any other Indentifier
 3. They are used to define the syntax and structure of the Python
Language
 4. In Python keywords are case sensitive
 5. There are 33 keywords in Python 3.3. version
 6. This number can vary slightly in course of time
 7. All the keywords except True, False, and None are in lower
case.
 >>> import keyword
 >>>print(keyword.kwlist)

Python's popularity for data science is largely due to the strength of
its core libraries
 NumPy NumPy is the fundamental package for scientific computing
with Python
 SciPy  SciPy contains modules for optimization, linear algebra,
integration, interpolation, special functions
 Pandas  BSD-licensed library providing high-performance, easy-to-
use data structures and data analysis tools
 Matplotlib  Matplotlib is a Python 2D plotting library
 IPython  IPython is an interactive command-line terminal for Python

Popular maker architectures allow for interaction via Python:
 Arduino – Indirect via serial communication
 Raspberry Pi – Directly via Raspbian Image
 Intel Edison/Galileo – Directly
 Multiple GPIO libraries are available for each maker platform.
Communicating with IoT devices is commonly done using three
protocols:
 TCP/IP
 Bluetooth – Standard or Low Energy (BLE)
 Near Field Communication (NFC)
NOTE: Python has libraries for all

 Python’s traditional runtime execution model: source code you type is translated to
byte code, which is then run by the Python Virtual Machine. Your code is
automatically compiled, but then it is interpreted.
Source code extension is .py
Byte code extension is .pyc (compiled python code)

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