![20
Name Type Description
Integers int Whole numbers, such as 8 12 400
Floating Point float Numbers with a decimal point 3.3, 14.5, 500.0
Strings Str Ordered sequence of characters
“hello” , “Sammy”, “2000”, “*$LL”
Lists List Ordered sequence of objects [10, “hello world”, 112.4]
Dictionaries dict Unordered key:value pairs {“key”:”value”}
Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects (30,”Bye”, 111.32)
Sets Set Unordered collection of unique objects (10,20)
Booleans Bool Logical value indicating True or False
Data Types](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pythonstudymaterialstudymaterial-220624075821-f43c074f/85/PythonStudyMaterialSTudyMaterial-pdf-18-320.jpg)
PythonStudyMaterialSTudyMaterial.pdf
- 2. What is Python ? What you can do with it ? Why it is so popular ?
- 3. Free and Open Source High-level programming language
- 4. Free and Open Source High-level, multi-purpose programming language Developed by Guido Van Rossum in the late 1980s Python is an interpreter-based language
- 5. Portable, and Extensible Python can be integrated with other popular programming technologies like C, C++, Java, ActiveX, and CORBA. Dynamic Typing Supports procedural, object-oriented, & functional programming
- 6. What you can do with it ?
- 9. 9
- 10. Why it is so popular ?
- 12. 12 What can you do with Python Develop web applications Implementing machine learning algorithms such as Scikit-learn, NLTK and Tensor flow . Computer vision – Face detection , color detection while using OpenCV and python Raspberry Pi – You can even build a robot and automate your home. PyGame – Gaming applications
- 15. Is a reserved memory location to store values Variable Name Every value in Python has data type. 12 Computer memory Age 0 Address (index) Data Variables are used to store data, they take memory space based on the type of value we assigning to them. Age = 12
- 16. 16 Names cannot start with a number , No spaces in the names, use underscore _ instead Special characters are not allowed as variable names income@, <>, ?, ! , (), #,$ ,% , ^, &,*,~,- + Variable Names and Naming rules Variables in Python are case sensitive It can only start with a character or an underscore
- 18. 20 Name Type Description Integers int Whole numbers, such as 8 12 400 Floating Point float Numbers with a decimal point 3.3, 14.5, 500.0 Strings Str Ordered sequence of characters “hello” , “Sammy”, “2000”, “*$LL” Lists List Ordered sequence of objects [10, “hello world”, 112.4] Dictionaries dict Unordered key:value pairs {“key”:”value”} Tuples tup Ordered immutable sequence of objects (30,”Bye”, 111.32) Sets Set Unordered collection of unique objects (10,20) Booleans Bool Logical value indicating True or False Data Types
- 19. type() 21
- 20. Type conversions 22 >>> float(22//5) 4.0 >>> int(4.5) 4 >>> int(3.9) 3 >>> round(3.9) 4 >>> round(3) 3
- 21. strings 23
- 22. String formatting 24 There are multiple ways to format strings for printing variables in them Myvar= “Hello” Print(myvar + “World”) This is knowns as string interpolation
- 23. String formatting 25 .fomat() method Myvar= “Hello” Print(myvar + “World”) This is knowns as string interpolation f-strings (formatted string literals)
- 25. Indexing and Slicing with Strings 27
- 26. Working with string data type 28
- 28. 30 Booleans are two constant objects It has only two possible values Booleans are considered as numeric type in Python Booleans 1. True 2. False True == 1 False == 0 None as a Boolean value Bool(None) bool(3), bool(-3), bool(0) Nonzero integers are truth bool() method to convert a value to Boolean()
- 29. 31 Boolean operators are those that take Boolean inputs and return Boolean results and operator can be defined in terms of ‘not’ and ‘or’ Boolean operators Boolean operators are and , not, or or operator can be defined in terms of ‘not’ and ‘and’
- 30. Conditional and control flow
- 31. Provides us with 3 types of control statements Conditional Programming Used to control the order of execution of the program based on the values and logic continue break pass
- 32. 34 expression: It’s the condition that needs to evaluated and return a boolean (true/false)value. statement: statement is a general python code that executes if the expression returns true. Control Structures
- 34. 36 Loops Loop statements are used to execute the block of the code repeatedly for a specified number of times There are three types of loops Python for loop Python while loop Python nested loop
- 35. 38 while Loop Syntax : while test_expression: #statement(s) While loop will execute a block of statement as long as test expression is true
- 36. 39 while ..else Loop While loop will execute a block of statement as long as test expression is true while test: statements if test: break # Exit loop now, skip else if present if test: continue # Go to top of loop now, to test1 else: statements # Run if we didn't hit a 'break'
- 37. 40 continue statement forces the loop to continue or execute the next iteration When the continue statement is executed in the loop, the code inside the loop following the continue statement will be skipped and the next iteration of the loop will begin.
- 38. 41 break statement The break statement causes an immediate exit from a loop
- 39. 42 Nested for and while loops Syntax : nested for loop for <iterator_var1> in <iterable_object1>: for <iterator_var2> in <iterable_object2>: #statement(s) #statement(s) Loop statement inside another loop statement Syntax : nested while loop while <exp1>: while<exp2> #statement(s) #statement(s)
- 40. 43 break statement The break statement causes an immediate exit from a loop
- 41. 44 Nested for and while loops Syntax : nested for loop for <iterator_var1> in <iterable_object1>: for <iterator_var2> in <iterable_object2>: #statement(s) #statement(s) Loop statement inside another loop statement Syntax : nested while loop while <exp1>: while<exp2> #statement(s) #statement(s)
- 42. Sets in Python
- 43. 46 Sets Identified by curly braces -{‘Raja’,’Ashok’,’Alok’} Sets do not support indexing A set an unordered collection data type that holds an unordered collection of unique elements set is iterable , mutable and has no duplicate
- 44. 47 Description Commands Add item to set x x.add(item) Remove an item x.remove(item) get length of x len(x) Check membership in x item in x item not in x Pop random item from set x x.pop() Delete all items from x x.clear() Basic Operations on Set
- 45. 48 Basic Operations on Set A set is a python data type that holds an unordered collection of unique elements Identified by curly braces -{‘Raja’,’Ashok’,’Alok’} Can only contain unique elements Duplicates are eliminated Sets do not support indexing
- 46. 49 Frozen sets Frozen sets in Python are immutable objects
- 47. 50 Ranges range is another kind of immutable sequence type ranges are also called as generators Note that the range includes the lower bound and excludes the upper bound. If we pass a single parameter to the range function, it is used as the upper bound If we use two parameters, the first is the lower bound and the second is the upper bound. If we use three, the third parameter is the step size. The default lower bound is zero, and the default step size is one
- 48. Sets, Loops , & Functions in Python
- 50. What is a function ? Why use functions ? Types of functions ? Functions Vs Methods Function Signatures - Parameter Vs Arguments User-Defined functions The return statement How to call a function How to add docstrings to a function Function arguments in python Global Vs Local Variables Recursive & Anonymous functions Using main() as a function Function as an argument Function as return value Map and filter() function inner function & Decorator Positional Vs Keyword arguments
- 51. It’s a block of code using which you want to carry out a specific task repeatedly A function may contain zero or more than one arguments What are functions ?
- 52. Increases readability Eliminate redundancy Why to use functions ? Reduces coupling
- 53. Built-in functions, such as help() to ask for help, min() to get the minimum value, print() to print an object to the terminal User-Defined Functions (UDFs), which are functions that users create to help them out; Types of functions Anonymous functions, which are also called lambda functions because they are not declared with the standard def keyword
- 54. How to define user-defined functions ? Syntax def functionName(<parameter list>): statement 1 statement 2 … return expression is used to return a value from a function def net_sal(basic, hra, loan): keyword return Nsal Here, basic, hra, and loan are called parameters of net_sal() Also note that, basic, hra, and loan are variables , local to my function net_sal()
- 55. 59 How to call a function ? def net_sal(basic, hra, loan): Gsal = basic + hra Calling a function is Python is similar to other programming languages Also note that, basic, hra, and loan are variables , local to my function net_sal() Nsal = Gsal - loan return Nsal net_sal(100000,22000,5000) Syntax function_name(arg1, arg2,arg3) Here, basic, hra, and loan are the arguments of net_sal function basic, hra, and loan are passed by reference The memory addresses of basic, hra, and loan are passed When we call the function
- 56. 60 Positional arguments def net_sal(basic, hra, loan): # code here Most common way of assigning arguments to parameters: via the order in which they are passed When we call the function net_sal(basic,hra, loan) basic = 132000 hra = 22000 loan = 5000 basic = 128000 hra = 21000 loan = 6000 Its positional arguments
- 57. 61 Keyword arguments def net_sal(basic, hra, loan): # code here When we call the function net_sal(basic=132000,hra = 22000, loan = 5000) basic = 132000 hra = 22000 loan = 5000 basic = 128000 hra = 21000 loan = 6000 Its keyword arguments Once you have defined the keyword argument , you must specify the Keyword for all the other arguments net_sal(132000, hra=22000, 5000) Keyword = value Like positional args, the no. of args and parameters must still match
- 58. 62 Keyword arguments When we call the function net_sal(132000,hra = 22000, loan = 5000) net_sal(132000, 22000, loan = 5000) Its keyword arguments Can I call a function using both positional and keyword arguments ?? net_sal(132000, hra=22000, 5000)
- 59. 63 Default argument values def net_sal(basic, hra=22000, loan=5000): # code here When we call the function net_sal(132000) net_sal(basic=132000,hra = 22000) net_sal(hra=22000, basic=132000) When you use keyword Argument the order doesn’t matter
- 60. 64 Arguments in summary Positional arguments must agree in order and number with the parameters declared in the function definition Keyword arguments must agree with declared parameters in number, but they may be specified in arbitrary order Default parameters allow some arguments to be omitted when function is called