Quality Management
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The document provides an overview of quality management, detailing concepts such as statistical quality control (SQC), control charts, sampling procedures, quality circles, ISO standards, and total quality management (TQM). It emphasizes the importance of quality policies and objectives in meeting project needs and explains various statistical techniques used in quality assessment. The text is tailored for business students, offering a structured approach to understanding essential quality management principles.
Quality Management
- 1. PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Quality Management Learnito Study Series for Business Students Find Notes, QnA and Case Studies at www.learnito.com/catalog
- 2. Contents Introduction to Quality management Statistical Quality control (SQC) Terms in SQC Control charts Sampling procedure Quality Circles ISO and TQM
- 3. Introduction to QM Quality management can be defined as the process that includes all activities of the performing organization that determines the quality policies, objectives and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the need for which it has been undertaken.
- 4. Statistical Quality Control (SQC) SQC is the application of statistical techniques to accept of rejects products already produced (Acceptance sampling) or to control the process and therefore ensuring product quality ( Process control)
- 5. Terms in SQC Variables – Indicate the permissible limits of deviation away from standard parameters Attributes – Indicate whether the lot is good or bad. Chance Cause – are those reasons in the process that contribute to minor variations in quality Assignable Cause – are large variations from the set quality parameters, that is not acceptable.
- 6. Terms in SQC Type 1 error – Error in sampling inspection, where the process is normal yet samples are inferred defective. This is called as Producers Risk - Alpha Type 2 error – this happens when the process is erroneous, however the sample turns out to be misread as good. This is called as Consumers Risk - Beta
- 7. Control Charts Control charts are of two types a) variable charts and b) attributes charts. Variable charts – Control chart for variables are used to control the quality of a product, quantitatively measureable and expressed in specific units of measurements such as diameter, length, tensile strength etc. Attributes charts – the quality of the product is measured qualitatively on the basis of classification such as presence or absence of a character.
- 8. Sampling Procedure Single Sampling – A sampling plan for single sample is specified by two numbers n and c, where n = sample size and c= maximum number of defectives Double sampling – One sample is drawn initially. Two acceptance numbers c1 and c2 (c2>c1) are selected. If the number of defectives in the first sample lot is less than c1, then the lot is accepted. Sequential sampling – it is a continuous sampling decision where the samples are selected randomly from various batches to determine consistency.
- 9. Quality Circles Quality circles is a part of the kaizen quality management program. It consist of 5 to 15 volunteers from the group of workers to sit weekly or biweekly for an hour to identify, analyze and search for solutions to work related problems and ways of implementing a solution.
- 10. ISO and TQM ISO – stands for International standards for Organization. Founded on the 23rd February,1947. Has 150 member countries and head quartered at Geneva, Switzerland. ISOS is a Greek word that mean equal or homogenous. Objective of ISO is to promote development of standardization and related activities in the world ISO 1 to ISO 39,999 documents are available covering various aspects from steel to software. ISO 900 is related to the production, where ISO 14000 is related to environment management in production set up. ISO certificates are valid for three years, with concurrent audits done once every year.
- 11. ISO and TQM TQM stands for Total quality management. TQM was initiated by Deming and Juran soon after the world war 2. TQM deals with addressing systems that leads to defective products. TQM is based on holistic well being of all system; in order the delivered good is confirmed to meet the quality standards
- 12. Assess yourself Have you understood the idea of SQC What is the purpose of control charts Differentiate type 1 versus type 2 error Are quality circles still useful in businesses Do you know the concept of Kaizen quality management program
- 13. PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Quality Management Learnito Study Series for Business Students Find Notes, QnA and Case Studies at www.learnito.com/catalog