Racing recumbent trike final
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This document discusses recumbent trikes for racing. It describes the two main configurations - delta and tadpole - and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The tadpole configuration has better braking and handling due to two front wheels, while the delta is easier to design but has worse braking and roll. Recumbents provide ergonomic and aerodynamic benefits for racing. The document also examines seat, wheel, and braking options for recumbent trikes and their tradeoffs.
Racing recumbent trike final
- 2. WHAT IS A RECUMBENT TRIKE ? A RECUMBENT BICYCLE IS A BICYCLE THAT PLACES THE RIDER IN A LAID-BACK RECLINING POSITION.
- 3. WHY USE A RECUMBENT FOR RACING? RIDERS CHOOSE THIS TYPE OF DESIGN FOR ERGONOMIC REASONS MOST RECUMBENT MODELS ALSO HAVE AN AERODYNAMIC ADVANTAGE DID YOU KNOW? A RECUMBENT HOLDS THE WORLD SPEED RECORD FOR A BICYCLE, AND THEY WERE BANNED FROM RACING UNDER THE UCI IN 1934, AND NOW RACE UNDER THE BANNER OF THE HUMAN POWERED VEHICLE ASSOCIATION (HPVA).
- 4. BRIEF HISTORY • THE BANNING OF RECUMBENTS FROM BICYCLE RACING IN 1934 HAD THE EFFECT OF PUTTING THE RECUMBENT BICYCLE DESIGN IN THE CLOSET FOR FIFTY YEARS, UNTIL IT WAS REDISCOVERED THERE PRIMARILY BY MIT PROFESSOR DAVID GORDON WILSON AND HIS STUDENT. • BUT LET'S GO BACK TO SLIGHTLY BEFORE THAT UNFORTUNATE DAY IN 1934 AND LOOK AT THREE RECUMBENT PIONEERS: CHARLES MOCHET, HIS SON GEORGE MOCHET AND CYCLIST FRANCIS FAURE.
- 5. 2 TYPES OF RECUMBENT TRIKES DELTA CONFIGURATION Greenspeed Anura Delta Trike TADPOLE CONFIGURATION Innesenti tadpole trike
- 6. 2 TYPES OF RECUMBENT TRIKES PROS: DELTA CONFIGURATION • EASY TO DESIGN, CONCEPTS FOLLOW THAT OF A STANDARD BICYCLE LOWER COST TO MANUFACTURER, USES STANDARD BICYCLE’S COMPONENTS • CONS: • QUICK MOMENT OF INERTIA CAUSES EXCESSIVE ROLL. • THIS CONDITION CAN BE CORRECTED USING A LEAN STEERING MECHANISM. • BRAKING IS COMPROMISED BY A SINGLE FRONT WHEEL WHICH MUST PROVIDE THE MAJORITY OF BRAKING FOR THE VEHICLE. Greenspeed Anura Delta Trike Source: http://www.hellbentcycles.com/trike_projects/Recum bent%20Trike%20Design%20Primer.pdf
- 7. 2 TYPES OF RECUMBENT TRIKES PROS: • TWO WHEELS IN FRONT OFFER EXCELLENT TADPOLE CONFIGURATION OVERALL BRAKING • OVERALL EXCELLENT HANDLING CONS: • STEERING SYSTEMS ARE MORE COMPLICATED AND REQUIRE UNIQUE PARTS • DESIGN IS COMPLICATED AND DEPENDENT ON MANY CONTINGENCIES Source: http://www.hellbentcycles.com/trike_projects/Recum bent%20Trike%20Design%20Primer.pdf Innesenti tadpole trike
- 9. TADPOLE CONFIGURATION ADVANTAGES • TWO WHEELS IN FRONT OFFER EXCELLENT OVERALL BRAKING • OVERALL EXCELLENT HANDLING DISADVANTAGES • STEERING SYSTEMS ARE MORE COMPLICATED AND REQUIRE UNIQUE PARTS • DESIGN IS COMPLICATED AND DEPENDENT ON MANY CONTINGENCIES Innesenti tadpole trike
- 10. BERSERKER TRIKE
- 11. THE TADPOLE ADVANTAGE • THE TADPOLE CONFIGURATION WITH A PROPERLY CENTERED COG PROVIDES EXCELLENT TRACTION, TURNING AND BRAKING STABILITY. IT PROVIDES A LARGER TILTING RANGE, SO YOU DON'T HAVE TO GET THE TILT ANGLE EXACTLY RIGHT, AND IT CAN ALSO BE TILTED FURTHER WHILE STATIONARY WITHOUT TIPPING OVER.
- 12. RELATED PRODUCTS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
- 13. RELATED PRODUCTS UPRIGHT BIKE ADVANTAGES RELATIVELY EASY TO BALANCE AT SPEEDS BELOW 2 MPH. TRANSPORTATION IS EASY LIGHTWEIGHT CAPABLE OF VARIOUS STUNTS SUCH AS BUNNYHOPPING, JUMPING UP CURBS, WHEELIES, AND TRACKSTANDS. GOOD FOR UPHILL CLIMBING MORE VISIBLE
- 14. DISADVANTAGES RIDER IS ADVISED TO CHANGE POSITIONS OFTEN TO AVOID SORE SPOTS. SADDLESORE I.E. BRUISED PERCH BONE AREA, CARPAL TUNNEL PROBLEMS I.E. SORE PALMS AND NUMB FINGERS, ALSO SORE WRISTS, ELBOWS, SHOULDERS, AND NECK, TENDER KNEES. TOO MUCH WEIGHT PUT ON LEANING POSITION. BACK IS NOT RELAXED NECK STRAIN
- 15. RECUMBENT BIKE EXERCISE MACHINE IT IS USED FOR THE BENEFIT OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS OR THOSE WHO ARE LESS FIT.
- 16. ADVANTAGES WORKOUT OF GLUTEAL MUSCLE. NO MORE SORE OR NUMB WRISTS BECAUSE PALMS NO LONGER ASSIST THE BURDEN OF THE ENTIRE BODY.
- 17. ADVANTAGES RIDER SITS INTO THE BIKE FRAME SEAT LOCATED ALMOST IN-LINE WITH THE PEDALS LOW COG (CENTER OF GRAVITY) MAKING THE BIKE AND RIDER VERY STABLE NATURAL, RECLINED POSITION WITHOUT NEED TO BEND HEAD OR BACK NATURALLY COMFORTABLE SEAT = MORE COMFORTABLE WORKOUT CYCLING IN A MORE NATURAL POSITION OF BODY ALIGNMENT REDUCES FATIGUE
- 18. THE “Q FACTOR" THE Q FACTOR OF A BICYCLE IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE PEDAL ATTACHMENT POINTS ON THE CRANK ARMS SOME RECUMBENT BIKES MAY HAVE A WIDER Q FACTOR TO ALLOW FOR BRAKING MECHANISM, PULLEYS, DRIVING COMPONENTS, AND COSMETIC COVERS A NARROWER Q FACTOR IS ERGONOMICALLY SUPERIOR BECAUSE IT CLOSELY MATCHES THE NEARLY INLINE PATTERN OF HUMAN FOOTSTEPS
- 19. RECUMBENT BIKE ADVANTAGES NO MORE SEAT PROBLEMS: RECLINED SEATING NO STRESS AND WEIGHT PUT ON BY LEANING NO SORE HANDS: ARMS NATURALLY HANGING ON THE SIDES NO NECK PAIN
- 20. MORE ADVANTAGES COMFORT - LONG RIDES ON AN UPRIGHT BIKE CAUSE TOO MUCH PAIN AERODYNAMICS - MANY RECUMBENT SETUPS HAVE A SMALLER FRONTAL AREA, WHICH MAKES THE BIKE FASTER IN A HEADWIND HEADS-UP POSITION PROTECTION FROM ADVERSE WEATHER PRACTICALITY
- 21. DISADVANTAGES UNNERVING ON STEEP (WOBBLE FACTOR) CLIMBS UNSTABLE(2 WHEELS ONLY): INCREASED CHANCE OF FALLING OVER SLOWER CLIMB BUT FASTER DOWNHILL
- 22. MORE DISADVANTAGES LESS STABLE AT VERY LOW SPEEDS; HARDER TO KEEP RECUMBENT IN A STRAIGHT LINE WHEN GOING UP A STEEP HILL HARDER TO RIDE ON GRAVEL ROADS CAN’T SHIFT BODY WEIGHT TO COMPENSATE FOR MINOR FISHTAILING OF THE WHEELS CAN’T ―FALL STANDING UP‖ WHEN YOU LOSE CONTROL AT LOW SPEED BECAUSE LEGS ARE HORIZONTAL HARDER TO SEE OVER TRAFFIC DUE TO LOWER SEAT HEIGHT
- 23. 2 TYPES OF STEERING ON RECUMBENT BIKES OVER SEAT STEERING PROS THERE IS A PLACE FOR A REARVIEW MIRROR ON THE HANDLE BAR. BIKERS ARE MORE USED TO THIS STEERING. ALTHOUGH IT MIGHT CAUSE WRIST SORES AND NUMBNESS OF FINGERS. EASIER TO ―WALK‖ YOUR BIKE. CONS o SLIGHTLY HARD TO USE
- 24. 2 TYPES OF STEERING ON RECUMBENT BIKES UNDER SEAT STEERING PROS EXTREMELY COMFORTABLE AND EASIER TO RIDE GETTING ON AND OFF IS EASIER SINCE THERE IS NO HANDLE BAR IN THE WAY CONS o ALTHOUGH MOST BIKERS ARE NOT USE TO THIS POSITION o IT HAS NO PLACE FOR REARVIEW MIRROR
- 26. SEATING HAMMOCK MESH PROS OFFERS BREATHABLE COMFORT. LIGHTWEIGHT CONS o DUE TO THEIR DESIGN, A MESH BASE CAN MAKE THE BIKE DIFFICULT TO HOLD UP AT A STOP (EVEN FOR A TALL RIDER).
- 27. MOLDED SEAT PROS EURO MOLDED SEATS HAVE A DISTINCT LUMBAR CURVE AND ARE DESIGNED TO FOR A VERY LAID-BACK POSITION. FOAM AND COVER OFFERS A MORE FIRM BASE TO PUSH AGAINST, CONS o THOUGH IT MAY BE LESS COMFORTABLE
- 28. MOLDED MESH VS.
- 29. WHEEL SIZE 20 INCH FRONT WHEELS PROS MORE MANEUVERABLE MORE AERODYNAMIC CONS IT MAY FEEL WOBBLY FOR BEGINNERS 700 C OR 26 INCH REAR WHEEL PROS FASTER SMOOTHER RIDES CONS IT DOESN’T WORK BASIS ON DELTA TRIKES WITH LONG WHEEL
- 30. TADPOLE TRIKES BRAKE • MOST TADPOLE TRIKES USE ONLYFRONT BRAKES. • FRONT BRAKING SYSTEM: DRUM, DISC A BACK BRAKE IS RARELY USED.
- 31. DRUM BRAKES
- 32. DISC BRAKES
- 33. TADPOLE TRIKES BRAKE DRUM BRAKES • CLASSIFIED AS A SINGLE, LEADING SHOE BRAKE. • USES TWO BRAKE SHOES INSIDE A CYLINDER DRUM. DISC BRAKES • APPLIES A SET OF FLAT PADS ON OPPOSING SIDES OF A REVOLVING ROTOR • THE BRAKE IS INFALLIBLE TO FADING OR MOISTURE BUILDUP.
- 34. DRUM BRAKES ADVANTAGE • IT PROVIDES SOLID AND RELIABLE BRAKING AND IS OPTIMIZED FOR TADPOLE TRIKE DESIGNS. DISADVANTAGE • IS THAT A DRUM BRAKE PERFORMS POORLY IN WET WEATHER CONDITIONS (IF MOISTURE GETS INTO THE DRUM) • IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO HEAT FADING. • THE SELF-ENERGIZING DRUM BRAKEACTION IS NONLINEAR AND MAY BE SLIGHTLY UNPREDICTABLE.
- 35. DISC BRAKES ADVANTAGE • THE SELF-ENERGIZING DRUM BRAKE ACTION IS NONLINEAR AND MAY BE SLIGHTLY UNPREDICTABLE. • ACTION IS PROPORTIONAL AND PROVIDES SMOOTH BRAKINGEVEN DURING THE HARSHEST WEATHER CONDITIONS. DISADVANTAGE • HEAVY COMPARED TO DRUM BRAKES. • LIGHTER DISC BRAKES ARE AVAILABLE BUT VERY EXPENSIVE • MOST DISC BRAKES ARE PRONE TO RUBBING AND ALSO A PERFORMANCE ROBBER
- 37. SHELL VARNA TEMPEST • AN AERODYNAMIC CARBON FIBER AND • CAN MAKE A TOP SPEED OF KEVLAR SHELL BUILT AROUND A LOW-PROFILE RECUMBENT BICYCLE. 82.819 MPH
- 38. All-Weather Firefly Trike • CAN HANDLE ANY KIND OF INCLEMENT WEATHER AND IT’S EQUIPPED WITH LED LIGHTS TO MAKE IT VISIBLE TO CARS AT NIGHT.
- 39. Capsule Shields Cyclists • A SLEEK AERODYNAMIC SHELL THAT SNAPS ONTO ANY BICYCLE TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FROM THE ELEMENTS ONCE THE WEATHER TURNS FOR THE WORSE.
- 40. AEROK BICYCLE • PROS: • THE SHELL RESISTS THE OPPOSING WIND AND THUS, HELPS THE BIKE TO SAIL THROUGH WITH MAXIMUM EASE. • THE AERODYNAMIC OUTER BODY OF THE BIKE IS CALLED THE SHELL, MADE OF STURDY CARBON FIBER, WHICH NOT ONLY ENHANCES THE VISOR OF THE BIKE, BUT ALSO HELPS IT TO RUN FASTER BY LETTING THE AIRFLOW GO SMOOTHLY. • THIS SHELL OFFERS COMPLETE SAFETY FOR THE RIDER IN CASE OF ANY ACCIDENTS.
- 41. TURNING DELTA • LONG WHEEL BASE OF DELTA DECREASES THE TWITCHINESS OF THE STEERING, IMPROVING HIGH SPEED CONTROL AND PRECISION • REARWARD WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION FAVORS OVERSTEER. TEND TO SPIN OUT AND LOSE TRACTION ON LOOSE GRAVEL.
- 42. TURNING TADPOLE • MORE STABLE THAN THE DELTA • POSSIBILITY OF TIPPING FORWARD WHEN COMBINING TURNING AND BRAKING FORCES.
- 43. LEAN STEERING A LEAN STEERING TRIKE IS A THREE WHEELED VEHICLE THAT STEERS BY VIRTUE OF LEANING THE RIDER'S BODY INTO THE DESIRED DIRECTION OF THE TURN. ALTHOUGH SEVERAL VARIATIONS EXIST, THE MOST NOTABLE IMPLEMENTATION IS WHERE THE SEAT MOVES IN RELATION TO THE FRAME CAUSING THE VEHICLE WHEELS TO TURN OR ALTER THE WHEEL GEOMETRY. BE A A STATIONARY HORN OR TILLER IS FIXED TO THE FRAME (THIS CAN ALSO U-BAR) ALLOWING THE RIDER TO LEAN THE SEAT LEFT OR RIGHT (THE SEAT IS LINKED TO A STEERING MECHANISM), HENCE STEERING THE VEHICLE. SINCE THE RIDER LEANS INTO THE DIRECTION OF THE TURN, THE CENTER OF GRAVITY IS OPTIMIZED PRODUCING A TRIKE WITH EXCELLENT LOW SPEED HANDLING. THE CONCEPT IS SIMILAR TO STEERING A BICYCLE WITH ONE OBVIOUS EXCEPTION: THE LEANING IS LINEAR TO THE STEERING AND NOT BY THE G FORCES APPLIED. CONSEQUENTLY, THE STEERING IN THIS IMPLEMENTATION IS NOT OPTIMIZED FOR HIGHER SPEEDS.
- 44. TILTING 30 DEGREE TILT PROS POSSIBILITY OF LOW SIDE TITLTING TRIKE CONS o SITTING TOO LOW IS A SAFETY CONCERN
- 45. TILTING 45 DEGREE TILT • THE BODY IS TOO HIGH, THEN I'LL NEED A REALLY WIDE TRACK TO MEET ONE OF MY MINOR DESIGN CRITERIA — THAT LEANED FULLY OVER, THE VEHICLE WILL NOT ACTUALLY TIP OVER AND FALL IF NOT MOVING. WITH NO ABILITY TO PUT MY FEET DOWN, THIS LITTLE DETAIL IS CRUCIAL. ON THE POSITIVE, IT'D MEAN A NICE HIGH LINE-OF-SIGHT. IT WOULD SEEM PRUDENT TO FIND SOMETHING IN BETWEEN.
- 46. TILTING • BY ALIGNING THE BOTTOM OF THE BODY WITH ESSENTIALLY THE AXLE HEIGHT, I THINK I'VE FOUND THE SWEET SPOT. 40º SEEMED EASY WITH ONLY THE WHEEL PANT IN DANGER OF INTERFERENCE THIS PUTS IT ALMOST EXACTLY WHERE MY LINE-OF-SIGHT IS IN MY MINI, WHICH IS ACTUALLY VERY GOOD. • VERY CLEAN AERODYNAMICS AND EASY ROAD GOING OVER FAIRLY SUBSTANTIAL ROAD HAZARDS.
- 47. DESIGN PARAMETERS • FRAME DESIGN- CARBON FIBER (LIKE THE AEROK BICYCLE SHELL) • STEERING- UNDER SEAT STEERING • TADPOLE CONFIGURATION • MESH SEAT • 20 INCH FRONT WHEEL AND 700 C OR 26 INCH REAR WHEEL • BRAKING SYSTEM- DRUM BRAKE • TILTING Aerok bicycle shell
- 48. DESIGN PARAMETERS • SADDLE WIDTH- 355MM TO 406MM (TILTED UP TO 5 DEGREES AT THE FRONT) • BACKREST ANGLE- 30 T0 40 DEGREES LENGTH- 450 MM • CRANK LENGTH – 160 MM (MIN=640MM, MEDIAN 790MM MAX=940MM) • BOTTOM BRACKET TO BACK OF SEAT 800MM TO 1100 MM • BOTTOM BRACKET CLEARANCE- 350 T0 400 MM • BOTTOM BRACKET HEIGHT- 400 MM • SEAT HEIGHT- 400 TO 470 MM • LUMBAR -190 MM • SHOULDER SUPPORT-120 MM
- 52. RECUMBENT BIKE ONE OF THE MOST COMMON REASONS FOR USING A RECUMBENT BIKE IS COMFORT. NOT ONLY DO THEY HAVE A LARGE SEAT, BUT THE BIKES ALSO OFFER COMPLETE BACK SUPPORT. THIS ERGONOMIC ADVANTAGE IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT FOR PEOPLE WITH BACK OR NECK PROBLEMS. BECAUSE OF THEIR LOW CENTER OF GRAVITY, RECUMBENT BIKES ARE ALSO MORE AERODYNAMIC AND CAN PICK UP SPEED MORE EASILY.
- 53. POSITIONING
- 54. SEAT POSITIONING • IN A RECUMBENT BIKE, YOU ADJUST THE SEAT EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARDS, RATHER THAN UP OR DOWN LIKE AN UPRIGHT BIKE. • THE SEAT RECLINE ALLOWS FOR ADJUSTMENTS, START AT A MID-POSITION. ACCORDING TO BACCHETTA BIKES, BEING TOO STRAIGHT OR TOO RECLINED CAN CAUSE DISCOMFORT AND PAIN FOR BEGINNER RIDERS. AN UNCOMFORTABLE SEAT POSITION CAN ALSO PUT ADDITIONAL STRESS ON YOUR KNEES AND MAKE RIDING MORE DIFFICULT.
- 55. LEG POSITIONING • THE LEG SHOULD HAVE ONLY A VERY SMALL BEND • IN A RECUMBENT BIKE, THIS MEANS AN ANGLE OF JUST A FEW DEGREES. THE LEGS SHOULD NOT BEND TOO MUCH AT ANY GIVEN TIME, SINCE THIS PUTS A LOT OF PRESSURE ON THE KNEES.
- 56. KNEE POSITIONING • THE LEGS ARE ALWAYS EXTENDED FORWARD, THE RIDER MIGHT END UP WITH SORE KNEES AFTER RIDING A RECUMBENT BIKE. • THE MORE YOU LEAN BACK ON YOUR SEAT, THE MORE YOU HAVE TO USE YOUR LEGS AND THE LESS PRESSURE YOU PUT ON YOUR BACK AND OTHER PARTS OF YOUR BODY. RECUMBENT BIKES ALSO REQUIRE LITTLE WRIST AND LOWER ARM STRENGTH.
- 57. STEERING POSITION • UNDER SEAT STEERING GOES WAY BEYOND WHAT MOST RECUMBENT WILL DO FOR COMFORT. • THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF USS, DIRECT AND INDIRECT. DIRECT IS BEST THOUGHT OF AS A HANDLE BAR MOUNTED TO THE BACK SIDE OF THE FORK AND EXTENDING BACK FAR ENOUGH TO DROP YOUR ARMS STRAIGHT DOWN BESIDE THE SEAT AND GRAB ON. A COUPLE OF THE DRAWBACKS TO THIS DESIGN ARE HAND POSITION AND INTERFERENCE WITH THE SEAT IN SHARP TURNS.
- 58. • LONG BIKES USES AN INDIRECT STEERING. INDIRECT IN THAT THE HANDLE BAR IS MOUNTED TO THE FRAME AND USES LINKAGE (IN AUTOMOTIVE TERMS, A DRAG LINK) TO CONNECT TO THE FORK • A COUPLE OF ADVANTAGES ARE THAT THE STEERING RATIO OR SPEED CAN BE ADJUSTABLE AND THE HANDLE BAR ROTATES ABOUT A PIVOT POINT UNDER THE SEAT. THE ENDS OF THE HANDLE BAR MOVE IN AN ARC BESIDE YOUR LEGS, WITH A MOVEMENT THAT IS ESSENTIALLY A PUSH PULL BY THE RIDER.
- 59. USS (UNDER SEAT STEERING • ADVANTAGES • RELAXING AND DOESN'T PUT ANY STRAIN ON THE UPPER BODY. • BETTER SUITED TO CYCLISTS BEARING HAND, ARM OR SHOULDER INJURIES • A GREAT WAY TO ENSURE YOUR KNEES AREN'T GETTING BASHED ON THE HANDLEBARS.
- 60. • DISADVANTAGES • MORE COMPLICATED MECHANICALLY AND THUS REQUIRES MORE MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENTS. • FAR MORE EASILY DAMAGED IN EVEN A MINOR ACCIDENT. • MORE UNUSUAL AND THUS CAN BE MORE DIFFICULT FOR AN INEXPERIENCED RECUMBENT CYCLISTS TO ADJUST TO. • MORE DIFFICULT TO MANHANDLE.