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RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING COMPLETE SYLLABUS
- 1. Adventist Medical Center College San Miguel, Iligan City BSRT Course Syllabus COURSE TITLE: Radiographic Positioning and Procedures PRE-REQUISITES: Human Anatomy and Physiology Medical Terminology Radiographic Technique and Film Analysis 1 CO-REQUISITE: Radiographic Anatomy Radiographic Contrast and Examination PLACEMENT: Third Year, First Semester CREDIT UNITS: 7 units (4 units lecture / 3 units lab) LECTURE HOURS: 4 hrs. lecture /wk (72 hrs. lecture/semester) LABORATORY HOURS: 9 hrs lab/wk (162 hrs lab/semester) COURSE DESCRIPTION: This is the study of the general foundations of positioning techniques to obtain radiographic demonstration of anatomical structures of interest as well as specialized radiographic examinations of the different structures and organs without contrast media. This includes anatomic and radiographic positioning terms, source image receptor distance and tube film alignments, positioning principles, radiographic landmarks, exposure techniques, structures demonstrated and evaluation criteria of examinations of the different organs. Clinical competency is very essential and is done through positioning demonstration and return demonstrations as part of their laboratory exercises. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: At the end of the course, the student should demonstrate skills in patient preparation and proper positioning techniques for routine and specialized radiographic examinations without contrast media. COURSE INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, students should be able to: 1. Assess their clients who shall undergo routine examinations taking into consideration the requirements for each procedure. 2. Demonstrate how to conduct various radiographic procedures with confidence using standard protocols. 3. Produce good quality images of body organs. 4. Recognize emergency situations in clients undergoing radiographic examinations.
- 2. COURSE OUTLINE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES/ACTIVITIES TIME FRAME EVALUATION STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
- 3. PRELIMS CHAPTER 1- Introduction to Radiographic Positioning and Procedures 1. The Image receptor 2. Standpoints for Radiographic Analysis 3. Preliminary Steps in Radiography a. Clinical History b. Diagnosis and the Technologist c. Care of Radiographic Examination Rooms d. Standard Precautions e. Disinfection and Antiseptics f. Isolation Units g. Bowel Preparation h. Motion and its Control, Patient Instructions i. Identification of Radiographs and Film Placement 4. Body Planes and Positions 5. Divisions of the Abdomen 6. Surface Landmarks and Body Habitus 7. Anatomic Terms 8. Radiographic Terms 9. Source – Image Receptors 10. Tube-Film Alignment 1. Introduce how important patient care and preparation is to production of quality radiographs 2. Discuss the different types of image receptors used in radiography and identify parameters in measuring the quality of the produced image 3. Explain important aspects of other paramedical preparations for patient comfort 4. Explain and discuss different terminologies used in radiography 5. Discuss and explain different consideration s in radiography which are important in the production of good quality images for better diagnosis and interpretation of disease Lecture: Classroom discussion Research works in the library and in the web Film viewing and multimedia presentation. Laboratory: Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher Group discussions as seatwork Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets Divide students in the class and do role playing with different cases of clients. 3.5 hrs lecture 10 hrs lab Lecture: Written exam Moving Exams Quizzes Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Group activities (Film critics, Body land markings, Body positioning) Practical and oral exams using the rubrics Know and practice proper patient care and preparation to produce good quality radiographs Understand the different types of image receptors used in radiography and identify parameters to be used in producing quality images Understand the different terminologies used in radiography Identify and explain different considerations in producing good quality images CHAPTER II – Radiographic Procedures of the Upper Limbs 1. General Considerations a. Review of Anatomy b. Positioning Principles c. Radiographic Landmarks d. Exposure Technique 2.Radiographic Procedures a. Hands b. Wrists c. Radius and Ulna d. Elbow e. Humerus Discuss, explain and demonstrate the different radiographic procedures that show different images of the upper extremities and identify changes in images based on the request of radiologist Lecture: Classroom discussion Research works in the library and in the web on common pathologies demonstrated by different positions in the upper and lower limbs Multimedia presentation Laboratory: 5 hrs lecture 15 hrs laboratory Lecture: Written exam Moving Exams Quizzes Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Demonstrate the different radiographic procedures to show different images of the upper extremities and distinguish the changes of the image in every position Explain the procedures and relate it to clinical settings involving different cases
- 4. Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher Actual performance of routine projections including film processing Group discussions as seatwork Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets. Group activities (Film critics, Body land markings, body positioning) Practical and oral exams using the rubrics CHAPTER III – Radiographic Procedures of the Lower Limbs 1. General Considerations a. Review of Anatomy b. Positioning Principles c. Radiographic Landmarks d. Exposure Technique 2.Radiographic Procedures a. Foot b. Ankle c. Tibia and Fibula d. Knee e. Patella f. Femur Discuss, explain and demonstrate the different radiographic procedures to show different images of the lower extremities and be able to identify changes in images based on the request of radiologist Lecture: Classroom discussion Research works in the library and in the web on common pathologies demonstrated by different positions in the upper and lower limbs Multimedia presentation Laboratory: Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher Actual performance of routine projections including film processing Group discussions as seatwork Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets. 5 hrs lecture 15.5 hrs laboratory Lecture: Written exam Moving Exams Quizzes Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Group activities (Film critics, Body land markings, body positioning) Practical and oral exams using the rubrics Explain and demonstrate the different radiographic procedures to show different images of the lower extremities and identify the differences in the images produced Can do film critics on the images that are produced in relation to the projections used. PRELIM EXAM MIDTERMS CHAPTER IV – Radiographic Discuss, explain, and Lecture: 4 hrs lecture Lecture: Discuss and demonstrate
- 5. Procedures of the Shoulder Girdle 1. General Considerations a. Review of Anatomy b. Positioning Principles c. Radiographic Landmarks d. Exposure Technique 2.Radiographic Procedures a. Scapula b. Clavicle c.Acromio-clavicular Joint d. Shoulder Joint demonstrate the different radiographic procedures to show different images of the shoulder girdles and be able to identify how the injury of the patient would affect proper positioning technique Classroom discussion Research works in the library and in the web on common pathologies demonstrated by different positions Film Viewing and multimedia presentation Laboratory: Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher Actual performance of routine projections including film processing Group discussions as seatwork Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets Divide students in the class and do role playing with different cases of clients. 13 hrs laboratory Written exam Moving Exams Quizzes Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Group activities (Film critics, Body land markings, Body positioning) Practical and oral exams using the rubrics the different radiographic procedures to show different images of the shoulder girdles and identify how injury affects proper positioning Recognize structures of interest in radiographs CHAPTER V – Radiographic Procedures of the Pelvic Girdle 1. General Considerations a. Review of Anatomy b. Positioning Principles c. Radiographic Landmarks d. Exposure Technique 2.Radiographic Procedures a. Hip b. Hip Joint c. Acetabulum d. Symphysis Pubis Discuss, explain, and demonstrate the different radiographic procedures to show different images of the pelvic girdle and be able to identify how the injury of the patient would affect proper positioning technique. Lecture: Classroom discussion Research works in the library and in the web on common pathologies demonstrated by different positions Multimedia presentation Laboratory: Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher Actual performance of routine projections including film processing Group discussions as seatwork 4 hrs lecture 12 hrs laboratory Lecture: Written exam Moving Exams Quizzes Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Group activities (Film critics, Body land markings, Body positioning) Practical and oral exams using the rubrics Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets Demonstrate the different radiographic procedures to show different images of the pelvic girdle and identify how injury affects proper positioning technique CHAPTER VI – Radiographic Procedures of the Vertebral Column Discuss, explain, and demonstrate the different radiographic procedures to show Lecture: Classroom discussion 5.5 hrs Lecture: Written exam Explain and demonstrate the different radiographic
- 6. 1. General Considerations a. Review of Anatomy b. Positioning Principles c. Radiographic Landmarks d. Exposure Technique 2.Radiographic Procedures a. Cervical b. Thoracic c. Lumbar d. Sacrum e. Coccyx different images of the vertebral column and be able to identify how the injury of the patient would affect proper positioning technique. Research works in the library and in the web on common pathologies demonstrated by different positions Multimedia presentation Laboratory: Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher Actual performance of routine projections including film processing lecture 15.5 hrs laboratory Moving Exams Quizzes Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Group activities (Film critics, Body land markings, Body positioning) Practical and oral exams using the rubrics Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets. Lecture: Written exam Quizzes Class recitation procedures to show the vertebral column and identify how injury affects proper positioning technique MIDTERM EXAM SEMI FINALS CHAPTER VII – Radiographic Procedures of the Bony Thorax and Thoracic Cage 1. General Considerations a. Review of Anatomy b. Positioning Principles c. Radiographic Landmarks d. Exposure Technique 2.Radiographic Procedures a. Lungs and Pleurae b. Chest and Heart c. Thoracic Cage d. Ribs Discuss, explain, and demonstrate the different radiographic procedures to show different images of the bony thorax and thoracic cage and be able to identify how the injury of the patient and breathing maneuver would affect proper positioning technique Lecture: Classroom discussion Research works in the library and in the web on common pathologies demonstrated by different positions Multimedia presentation Laboratory: Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher 3 hrs lecture 10 hrs laboratory Lecture: Written exam Moving Exams Quizzes Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Group activities (Film critics, Body land markings, Body positioning) Practical and oral exams using the rubrics Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets. Demonstrate the different radiographic procedures to show the images of the bony thorax and thoracic cage and identify how injury affects proper positioning technique CHAPTER VIII – Radiographic Procedures of the Skull Discuss, explain, and Lecture: Lecture:
- 7. 1. General Considerations a. Review of Anatomy b. Positioning Principles c. Radiographic Landmarks d. Exposure Technique 2.Radiographic Procedures a. Cranium a1. Frontal a.2 Parietal a.3 Occipital a.4 Temporal a.5 Sphenoid a.6 Ethmoid b. Facial Bones b.1 Nasal b.2 Maxillary b.3 Optical b.4 Mandible b.5 Zygomatic b.6 Mastoid b.7Petromastoid b.8 Paranasal Sinuses demonstrate the different radiographic procedures to show different images of the skull and be able to identify how the injury of the patient and breathing maneuver would affect proper positioning technique Classroom discussion Research works in the library and in the web on common pathologies demonstrated by different positions Multimedia presentation Laboratory: Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher 10.5 hrs lecture 30.5 hrs laboratory Written exam Moving Exams Quizzes Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Group activities (Film critics, Body land markings, Body positioning) Practical and oral exams using the rubrics Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets. Explain and demonstrate the different radiographic procedures to show different images of the skull and identify how patient injuries and breathing maneuvers affect proper positioning Determine the requirements of clients needing specialized treatment and specialized procedures to demonstrate special features of the skull especially the critically ill clients SEMI FINAL EXAM FINALS CHAPTER IX – Trauma Radiography 1. General Considerations a. Review of Anatomy b. Positioning Principles c. Radiographic Landmarks d. Exposure Technique 2. Radiographic Procedures a. Limbs b. Vertebral Column c. Skull d. Pelvis e. Chest and Lungs f. Skeletal Survey Discuss, explain and demonstrate the different radiographic procedures used to manage patients who are classified as traumatic and identify different techniques that would not to add injury to patients Lecture: Classroom discussion Research works in the library and in the web on common pathologies demonstrated by different positions Multimedia presentation Laboratory: Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher 4.5 hrs lecture 15 hrs laboratory Lecture: Written exam Quizzes Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Practical and oral exams using the rubrics Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets Explain and demonstrate the different radiographic procedures used for trauma clients taking into consideration the severity of their injuries Determine through proper assessment the required projections to demonstrate structures without adding to the injury of patients and understand how important patient care and management is in the care of traumatic clients CHAPTER X – Pediatric Radiography 1. General Considerations a. Review of Anatomy Discuss, explain and demonstrate the different radiographic procedures used to manage pediatric patients and Lecture: Classroom discussion Research works in the library 3.5 hrs Lecture: Written exam Quizzes Demonstrate the different radiographic procedures
- 8. b. Positioning Principles c. Radiographic Landmarks d. Exposure Technique 2. Radiographic Procedures adopt to their level of understanding to produce good quality images with minimal repeat radiographs and in the web on common pathologies demonstrated by different positions Multimedia presentation Laboratory: Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher Actual performance of routine projections including film processing lecture 10 hrs laboratory Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Practical and oral exams using the rubrics Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets used to manage pediatric patients and use special techniques in providing images for proper interpretation CHAPTER XI – Mammography 1. General Considerations a. Review of Anatomy b. Positioning Principles c. Radiographic Landmarks d. Exposure Technique 2. Radiographic Procedures Discuss, explain and demonstrate the different routine procedures for mammography examinations Lecture: Classroom discussion Research works in the library and in the web on common pathologies demonstrated by different positions Multimedia presentation Laboratory: Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher Actual performance of routine projections including film processing 5 hrs lecture 10 hrs laboratory Lecture: Written exam Quizzes Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Practical and oral exams using the rubrics Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets Demonstrate the different routine procedures for mammography examinations with the use of the special equipment designed for the purpose of this procedure Understand the importance of proper management and patient care for clients to cooperate and for the attainment of excellent quality radiographs CHAPTER XII – Prenatal Radiography 1. General Considerations a. Review of Anatomy b. Positioning Principles c. Radiographic Landmarks d. Exposure Technique 2. Radiographic Procedures Discuss, explain and demonstrate the different radiographic procedures used for prenatal studies. Lecture: Classroom discussion Research works in the library and in the web Multimedia presentation Laboratory: Demonstration of the students of the procedures while guided by the teacher 2 hrs lecture 5.5 hrs laboratory Lecture: Written exam Quizzes Class recitation Laboratory: Completion of the Laboratory Manual Practical and oral exams using the rubrics Accomplishment of the laboratory worksheets Understand the use and importance of prenatal radiography despite the wide use of ultrasound procedure Demonstrate how the procedures are done with proper radiation protection applied to clients FINAL EXAM IV. Grading System
- 9. Students Score / Perfect score X 100% - The zero-based system Distribution: Exams 50% (50% of total items in Laboratory-Oral, 50% of total items in Lecture-Written) Class Standing 50% (15% Recitation, 15% Long Quiz, 20% Short Quiz 10%, Attendance 5%) V. Classroom Policies 1.Attendance: a. Should have at least 80% of attendance (maximum of 7 consecutive absences), the student will be given a grade of FA for the final semestral grade. b. More than 30 minutes late is considered absent c. Students with perfect attendance will have additional merits 2. Passing rate is 60% (professional subject) 1. Removal exam should only be administered once at the end of semester for students whose grades are 58% to 59%. Passing rate for removal is 60% 3. Quizzes a. No special quizzes will be given for late and absent students 4. Examinations: a. No special examinations will be given for late and absent students, except if their reason is valid (sickness, death of immediate family, or delegate or representative of school in school approved activity) b. It is the student’s responsibility to arrange a special examination schedule with the instructor. 5. Projects/assignments/lab activity: a. No late assignments or laboratory activity will be accepted. REFERENCES: TEXTBOOK: 1. Frank., Merril’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures 12th ed., 2012 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: 2. Bontrager, K., Textbook of Radiographic Positioning & Related Anatomy 8th ed., 2014 3. Bontrager., Bontrager’s Handbook of Radiographic Positioning and Techniques., 2014 4. Frank, E., Merril’s Pocket Guide to Radiography., 2012 5. Tortora, G., Principles of Anatomy & Physiology Organization, Support and Movement, and Control Systems of the Human Body 13th ed., 2011