Downloaded 196 times
More Related Content
Similar to Radiography Positioning Spine
Radiography Positioning Spine
- 1. V.Deepak Prasath, B.ScRIT. K.G.Hospital & Post Graduate Medical Institute, Coimbatore.
- 2. POSITIONING TERMINOLOGY • Radiographicpositioning refers to the study of patient positioning performed for radiographic demonstration or visualization of specific body parts on image receptors. • Each person who plans to work as a radiologic technologist must clearly understand the correct use of positioning terminology.
- 3. Cervical Spine Indications • Trauma,Fracture,Dislocation,Bonedisease, cervical spondylities, Inflammation, Degeneration, & Osteomylitis. Views Anteroposterior, Lateral, Oblique, Open Mouth, Trans-Lateral.
- 4. Cervical Spine-Open Mouth PatientPreperation • Ask the patient to remove the all metals plastic retainer & earing also. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table or sit. • Mid saggital plane should be center to the center of the table. • The patient should face towards the tube. • The chin is extented. • Ensure the mouth is wide open & there is no rotation of head & neck. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 5. Tube Centering • Middleof the mouth open using vertical view. Cassette centering • The cassette is placed behind the neck. • The upper border of the cassette two inch above the EAM. Warning • Do not attend any head or neck movement, if cervical trauma is visible. Female patient care. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 60 60-80 NO 8"X10"
- 7. Cervical Spine-Anteroposterior Patient Preperation •Ask the patient to remove the all metals plastic retainer & earing also. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table. • Mid saggital plane should be center to the center of the table. • The patient should face towards the tube. • The chin is raised, so that the mandible is superimposedon the occipital.(The line from the tip of the mandible to the base of the skull should be parallel to the center.) • Ensure there is no rotation of the head. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 8. Tube Centering • Centerto the mid line joint of the angle of mandible or at the level of C3-C4. • Tube angulation is 5° to 15° Cephalad. Cassette centering • The cassette is placed behind the neck. • The upper border of the cassette one inch above the EAM. Warning • Do not attend any head or neck movement, if cervical trauma is visible.Female patient care. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 60 48-60 5° to 15° Cephalad 8"X10"
- 10. Cervical Spine-Lateral Patient Preperation •Ask the patient to remove the all metals plastic retainer & earing also. Position • Make the patient to stand in front of the x-ray table in true lateral position. • Mid saggital plane should be parallel to the center of the table. • Depressed the shoulder as much as possible.Ask the patient to lowered there shoulder as much as possible so as to avoid overlapping. • To pull out the patient shoulder more with help of weight bearing(sand bag) on both hands. • The chin is raised, so that angle of mandible dose not come in way to upper c-spine. • Ensure there is no rotation of the head.
- 11. Tube Centering • Centerto the angle of mandible or at the level C4 or at the level of the upper border of thyroid cardilage. Cassette centering • The upper border of the cassette one inch above the EAM. Warning • Do not attend any head or neck movement, if cervical trauma is visible.Female patient care. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 5 Feet Large No 55 24-32 No 8"X10"
- 15. Tube Centering • Centerto the angle of mandible or at the level C4 or at the level of the upper border of thyroid cardilage. Cassette centering • The upper border of the cassette one inch above the EAM. Warning • Do not attend any head or neck movement, if cervical trauma is visible.Female patient care. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 5 Feet Large No 55 24-32 No 8"X10"
- 17. Cervical Spine-RAO &LAO Patient Preperation • Ask the patient to remove the all metals plastic retainer & earing also. Position • Make the patient to lie on prone position or PA standing position on x-ray table. • Mid saggital plane should be center to the center of the table. • From this position the left side or right side of the body along with head & neck is rotated 45° away from the table. • Extend the chin to prevent mandible to super imposed to the vertebra. • Hands are kept in the side of the body. • Foam pads are kept for immobilisation. • Ensure there is no rotation of the head. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 18. Tube Centering • Centerto the level of C4. • Tube angulation of 15° caudal. Cassette centering • The upper border of the cassette one inch above the EAM. Warning • Do not attend any head or neck movement, if cervical trauma is visible.Female patient care. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 5 Feet Large No 55 to 60 24-32 15° Caudal 8"X10"
- 20. Cervical Spine-RPO &LPO Patient Preperation • Ask the patient to remove the all metals plastic retainer & earing also. Position • Make the patient to lie on supine position or AP standing position on x-ray table. • Mid saggital plane should be center to the center of the table. • From this position the left side or right side of the body along with head & neck is rotated 45° away from the table. • Extend the chin to prevent mandible to super imposed to the vertebra. • Hands are kept in the side of the body. • Foam pads are kept for immobilisation. • Ensure there is no rotation of the head. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 21. Tube Centering • Centerto the level of C4. • Tube angulation of 15° caudal. Cassette centering • The upper border of the cassette one inch above the EAM. Anatomical Structure • Intervertebral foramen, pedicle. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 5 Feet Large No 55 to 60 24-32 15° Caudal 8"X10"
- 23. Cervical Spine-Trans-Lateral Patient Preperation •Ask the patient to remove the all metals plastic retainer & earing also. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table in supine position. • Hands are kept at side of the body. • Ensure there is no rotation of the head & neck without much pressure to the injury neck & foam pads are kept for immobilization. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 24. Tube Centering • Centerto the horizontal beam to the cassette at level of C4. Cassette centering • Cassette is kept at side of the shoulder of one inch above the pinna. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 5 Feet Large No 55 24-32 No 8"X10"
- 26.
- 27. Distance Focal SpotGrid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 5 Feet Large No 55 24-32 No 8"X10"
- 28. Thoracic Spine Indications • Trauma,Fracture,Dislocation,Bonedisease, Inflammation, Degeneration, & Kyphosis, skoliosis. Views Anteroposterior, Lateral.
- 29. Thoracic Spine-Anteroposterior Patient Preperation •Ask the patient to remove the all metals plastic retainer. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table in supine position. • Mid saggital plane should be center to the center of the table. • The patient should face towards the tube. • Knees are flexed, small pillows are kept between for comfort. • Large cassette size is used. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 30. Tube Centering • Directthe central ray at right-angles to the cassette and towards a point 2.5 cm below the sternal angle. • Collimate tightly to the spine. Cassette centering • The upper border of the cassette is kept above spinoces process of the 7th c-spine vertebra. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 65-70 80-120 0° 12"X15"
- 32. Thoracic Spine-Lateral Patient Preperation •Ask the patient to remove the all metals plastic retainer. Position • Make the patient to lie or stand in front of the x-ray table in lateral position. • Mid saggital plane should be parallel to the center of the table. • Arm should be raised well above the head. • The head can be supported by pillow & pads may be placed between the knee for the patients comfort. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 33. Tube Centering • Thetube center at the level of 1" below the axila T7 & T8. Cassette centering • The upper border of the cassette is kept 3 to 4 cm above the spinous process of the C7. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 65-70 100-120 0° 12"X15"
- 35. Lumbar Spine Indications • Trauma,Fracture,Dislocation,Bonedisease, Inflammation, Degeneration, & Kyphosis, skoliosis. Views Anteroposterior, Lateral, Oblique.
- 37. Lumbar Spine-Anteroposterior Patient Preperation •Ask the patient to remove the all metals. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table in supine position. • Mid saggital plane should be center to the center of the table. • The patient should face towards the tube. • Both hands are kept by the side of the body. • Knees are flexed, small pillows are kept between for comfort. • Large cassette size is used. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 38. Tube Centering • Directthe central ray towards the midline at the level of the lower costal margin (L3). Cassette centering • The lower border of the cassette 2 inch below the ASIS. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 65-75 100-120 0° 10"x12" 12"x15"
- 39. Lumbar Spine-Lateral Patient Preperation •Ask the patient to remove the all metals. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table in lateral position. • Mid saggital plane should be parallel to the center of the table. • Hands are fold & kept on the head & knees are flex & small foam pads are kept to avoid movement. • Small foam pad are kept under the lumbar spine to reduce the lumbar arch & lumbar lordorsis. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 40. Tube Centering • Centerto the level of lower costal margin at the level of L2 & L3 level. Cassette centering • The lower border of the cassette 2 inch below the ASIS. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 70-75 120-160 0° 12"x15"
- 41. Lumbar Spine-RAO &LAO Patient Preperation • Ask the patient to remove the all metals. Position • Make the patient to lie on prone positionon x-ray table. • Mid saggital plane should be center to the center of the table. • From this position the left side or right side of the body is rotated 45° away from the table. • One hand is kept over the head & another hand flexed in comfortable position & legs are flexed . • Foam pads are kept for immobilisation. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 42. Tube Centering • Centerto the level of lower costal margin at the level of L2 & L3 level. Cassette centering • The lower border of the cassette 2 inch below the ASIS. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 70-75 120-160 0° 17"x14"
- 43. Lumbar Spine-RPO &LPO Patient Preperation • Ask the patient to remove the all metals. Position • Make the patient to lie on supine position on x-ray table. • Mid saggital plane should be center to the center of the table. • From this position the left side or right side of the body is rotated 45° away from the table. • One hand is kept over the head & another hand flexed in comfortable position & legs are flexed . • Foam pads are kept for immobilisation. • Ensure there is no rotation of the head. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 44. Tube Centering • Centerto the level of lower costal margin at the level of L2 & L3 level. Cassette centering • The lower border of the cassette 2 inch below the ASIS. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 70-75 120-160 0° 17"x14"
- 46. Lumbo Sacral Spine-Anteroposterior PatientPreperation • Ask the patient to remove the all metals. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table in supine position. • Mid saggital plane should be center to the center of the table. • The patient should face towards the tube. • Both hands are kept by the side of the body. • Knees are flexed, small pillows are kept between for comfort. • Large cassette size is used. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 47. Tube Centering • centralray directed to the at the level of L5. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 70-75 100-120 0° 10"x12" 12"x15"
- 48. Lumbo Sacral Spine-Lateral PatientPreperation • Ask the patient to remove the all metals. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table in lateral position. • Mid saggital plane should be parallel to the center of the table. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 49. Tube Centering • Centralray directed to the at the level of L5. Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 75-85 120-160 0° 12"x15"
- 50. Sacrum-Anteroposterior Patient Preperation • Askthe patient to remove the all metals. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table in supine position. • Mid saggital plane should be center to the center of the table. • The patient should face towards the tube. • Both hands are kept by the side of the body. • Knees are flexed, small pillows are kept between for comfort. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 51. Tube Centering • Centeredto the mid line 2 inch below the ASIS with the tube angulation of 10° to 15° cephalad for male & 20° to 25° for Female. Cassette centering Upper border of the cassette placed at the level of illiac creast Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 70-75 80-100 10° to 15° for male 20° to 25° for Female cephalad 10"x12"
- 52. Sacrum-Lateral Patient Preperation • Askthe patient to remove the all metals. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table in lateral position. • Mid saggital plane should be parallel to the center of the table. • Knees are flexed, small pillows are kept between for comfort. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 53. Tube Centering • Centeredto the mid line 2 inch below the ASIS with the tube angulation of 10° to 15° cephalad for male & 20° to 25° for Female. Cassette centering Upper border of the cassette placed at the level of illiac creast Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 75-85 120-160 0° 10"x12"
- 54. Coccyx-Anteroposterior Patient Preperation • Askthe patient to remove the all metals. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table in supine position. • Mid saggital plane should be center to the center of the table. • The patient should face towards the tube. • Both hands are kept by the side of the body. • Knees are flexed, small pillows are kept between for comfort. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 55. Tube Centering • Centeredto the mid line 2 inch below the ASIS with the tube angulation of 10° to 15° cephalad for male & 20° to 25° for Female. Cassette centering Upper border of the cassette placed at the level of illiac creast Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 70-75 80-100 10° to 15° for male 20° to 25° for Female cephalad 10"x12"
- 56. Coccyx-Lateral Patient Preperation • Askthe patient to remove the all metals. Position • Make the patient to lie on the x-ray table in lateral position. • Mid saggital plane should be parallel to the center of the table. • Knees are flexed, small pillows are kept between for comfort. • Radiation Production given to the patient.
- 57. Tube Centering • Centeredto the mid line 2 inch below the ASIS with the tube angulation of 10° to 15° cephalad for male & 20° to 25° for Female. Cassette centering Upper border of the cassette placed at the level of illiac creast Exposure Settings Distance Focal Spot Grid kV mAs Tube Angulation Cassette Size 100 cm Large Yes 75-85 120-160 0° 10"x12"