Rajesh PPT.pptx algal application and occurrence

Rajesh PPT.pptx algal application and occurrence

• 1.
  A PRELIMINARY ANALYSISOF ALGAL DIVERSITY OF SELECTED POND IN KOZHIKODE DISTRICT, KERALA, INDIA. Dr. Rajesh Kumar, Assistant Professor of Botany, MGGAC, Mahe, Puducherry
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  INTRODUCTION Algae are primitivephotosynthetic organisms and they play an important role as producers in aquatic ecosystem. These are considered to be the expellers of huge volume of oxygen into the atmosphere. Algae have pigments like chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobilins. Their reserve food materials include starch and oils. The mode of reproduction includes vegetative, asexual or sexual.  Blue green algae are having the capability of Nitrogen fixation. As a result of eutrophication, algal blooms may develop which may deoxygenate water and cause the death of aquatic life. In fresh water, algae are found as planktonic, benthic or epiphytic. The planktonic algae can tolerate only low rate of water flow whereas benthic algae can tolerate high flow rate. Green and blue green algae are the major groups that cause, algal blooming.
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  STUDY AREAAND ITSMAP
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  MATERIALS AND METHODS Samplingwas done by using specific filter cloth (mesh size 25µm). samples were collected, in 2 seasons – pre-monsoon and post monsoon. In each collection, 30L of water was taken by using a sterilized container of 5L volume. The water was drained out and debris containing algal samples were transferred to sterilized plastic vials using pond water as medium. The collected samples were brought to laboratory and kept in refrigerator. On the following day, samples were taken, centrifuged in a sterilized centrifuge tube for 15 min at 900 rpm .
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  Supernatant was discardedand the debris was collected with the help of a micropipette and kept on a clean glass slide with cover glass in watery medium under high power of electric compound microscope. The algae were recorded in the note book along with measurement using micrometer. The size, length, shape and colour of the chloroplast etc. were noted and algal members were identified with the help of standard algal flora key like Prescott(1948). The algae were classified according to their classes.
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  SAMPLING SITE Pre-monsoon Postmonsoon
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  RESULTS The analysis ofalgae showed a total of 17 species . Of these 8 members belong to Cholorophyceae, 3 belongs to Bacillariophyceae, 2 each of Xanthophyceae and Cyanophyceae, 1 each of Dianophycae and Euglenophyeae.
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  Sl. No. SCIENTIFIC NAME CLASS DISTRIBUTION SAMPLE 1SAMPLE 2 1 Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chlorophyceae (Colonial) + + 2 Closterium closteroides Chlorophyceae (Unicellular) - + 3 Closterium kuetzingii Chlorophyceae (Unicellular) + + 4 Cosmarium decoratum Chlorophyceae (Unicellular) - + 5 Euglena imnophilia Euglenineae (Unicellular) - - 6 Melosira italica Bacillariophyceae (Filamentous) + + 7 Micrasterias foliacia Chlorophyceae (Filamentous) + + 8 Nostoc punctiforme Cyanophyceae (Filamentous) + + 9 Ophiocytium majus Xanthophyceae (Colonial) + +
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  10 Oscillatotia irriguaCyanophyceae (Filamentous) + + 11 Oscillatoria princeps Cyanophyceae (Filamentous) + + 12 Perdinum cinctum Dinophyceae (Unicellular) - + 13 Pinnularia crucifera var. subcapitata Bacillariophyceae (Unicellular) - - 14 Selanastrum gracile Chlorophyceae (Colonial) _ + 15 Spirogyra intorta Chlorophyceae ( Filamentous) + + 16 Tabellaria flocullosa Bacillariophyceae (Filamentous) + - 17 Ulothrix zonata Chlorophyceae (Filamentous) _ _
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   The seasonaldiversity of algae showed much variation in case of both seasons. The algae were easily distinguished in post monsoon, clumps of many algae were observed in pre-monsoon, but were not in distinguishable forms.  Of the 17 algal species identified 7 members belongs to Chlorophyceae, 4 belongs to Bacilariophyceae, 2 each of Xanthophyceae and Cyanophyceae, 1 each of Dinophyceae and Euglenineae. The dominant algal species occupied in the pond is Closterium spp. and Oscillatoria spp. 47.05% is occupied by Chlorophycean members, 17.64% by Bacillariophyceae, 11.76% by both Xanthophyceae and Cyanophyceae and 0.58% is represented by Dinophyceae and Euglenuneae.
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  The pond has7 unicellular (41.17%) , 3 colonial (17.64%) and 7 filamentous (41.17%).  The analysis on the presence of algal members showed that 8 members (47.05%) were found In every 3 samplings, 17.64% were found in 2 sampling and 35.29% of species were found in each samplings. algal members like Oscillatoria and Micrasterias etc in the sampling was an indication of eutrophication , acidification and metal contamination.
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  Selenastrum gracile Perdinumcinctum Closterium closteroides Pinnularia crucifera var.subcapitata
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  Melosira italica Ophiocytium majusMicrosterias foliaceae Oscillatoria princeps
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  Closterium kuetzingii Ulothrix zonata
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  UNICELLULAR FILAMENTOUS COLONIAL 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 THALLUSORGANIZATION OF ALGAE THALLUS ORGANIZATION OF ALGAE
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  18% 47% 12% 6% 12% 6% ALGAL DIVERSITY OFSELECTED POND Bacillariophyceae Chlorophyceae Cyanophyceae Euglenaceae Xanthophyceae Dinophyceae
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  CONCLUSION The study ofalgal diversity carried out in pond in Kuttiady region, is rich in phytoplankton density anf find a suitable site for herbivorus fish farming. showed the presence of 17 species of algae These variations in distribution is due to the differences in temperature, PH of water ,salinity etc.
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  Thank you