Raju Verma ppt (1).pdf
- 1. Dr. R. S. Umrao NAME- Advisor Raju Kumar Verma Assistant Professor I.D .No. CA11596/20 Deptt. Of Entomology
- 2. Insect growth regulators are the compounds which interfere with the growth and development, Insect cannot reach adulthood, and can’t reproduce. The insect or the whole insect population may die eventually. They act on insects, compared with most conventional insecticides. IGR is a short form of “birth control” for pests.
- 3. Growth regulation is a natural and normal process of insects which controlled by certain natural hormone viz., Brain hormone, Molting hormone, Juvenile hormone. 1. Brain hormone: Also called activation hormone(AH). It is secreted by neuro secretory cells (NSC). It’s activate the corpora allata to produce juvenile hormone(JH).
- 4. Also called neotinin. It is secreted by corpora allata . keep the larva in juvenile condition & development of genitalia in adults. 3. Ecdysone : Also called Moulting hormone (MH). It is secreted by Prothoracic Glands (PTG). Its main function is moulting in insects. (http://eagri.org/eagri50)
- 5. Insect growth regulator is a chemical (natural or synthetic) which affect the growth and development of insects.
- 6. IGRs typically work by mimicking or inhibiting the juvenile hormone (JH). These can also act on eggs, causing sterility, disrupting behavior or diapause, the process that causes an insect to become dormant before winter. IGRs that inhibit JH production can cause insects to prematurely molt into a nonfunctional adult. IGRs that inhibit ecdysone can cause pupal mortality by interrupting the transformation of larval tissues into adult tissues during the pupal stage. (Krysan et al.,2010.)
- 7. 1956 - The first account of the potential use of IGRs in insect control. (Hasan and Nedim, 2004.) 1968 - Discovery of methoprene, hydroprene and kinoprene. 1970 - Develop and produce new IGR products for flea control (Precor ). 1975 - Methoprene was first registered by EPAas a conventional, chemical pesticide. 1979 - The first ever application of an IGR (Diacon)as a crop protectant, against cigarette beetles in stored tobacco. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books.) 1980 - IGRs first appeared on the market. (Robert and Frederick 2010.) Brief History And Development Of Insect Growth Regulators
- 8. 1982 - “EPA” issued a Registration Standard for Methoprene. 1983 - The “ZRD” helped for lead to the development of the hydroprene (Gentrol). (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books)
- 9. Aim at studying (metamorphosis) the growth & and reproduction development regulating chemicals and exploiting them for preventing pest population.
- 10. Insect growth Regulators Natural Synthetic Anti- juvenile hormone agents Juvenile hormone analoges Chitin synthesis inhibitors Moulting hormone analoges
- 11. Commonly used natutal IGRs are – Azadirachtin, Plumbagin etc. • Leaf and seed extract of Azadirachta indica. • The mode of action of azadirachtin at the cellular level. •It is effect on behaviors through chemoreceptory mechanisms. •Its involved in the control of yolk deposition in the eggs, moult disruption, moulting defects and sterility effects. • Chemical formula : C35H44O16 Azadirachtin
- 12. • Target Order : Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera etc. • Successful Example : Gypsy moths, Fall armyworms, Cabbage butterfly, Desert locust, Helicoverpa armigera, khapra beetle, Flea beetle, Oriental fruitfly, Mediterranean fruitfly, Rice gall midge, House mosquito, Whitefly, Mealybug etc. (Mordue and Blackwell, 1993)
- 13. Neemoz Gold, Neemoz platinum, Mahaneem, MargoSom 0.03%,Azatin, Azardin, NeemixOG etc.
- 14. •Roots extract of the plant genus Plumbago. • Effects in moulting process, ecdysial failure and blockage of adult emergence. •Chemical Formula :- C11H8O3 •Successful example :- Pericallia ricini , Dysdercus koenigii etc. (Gnanamani and Dhanasekaran., 2013)
- 15. List of some other Natural IGRs Chemical Name Source Successul Example Limonoid (sendanin) Trichilia roka (Fruits) Heliothis virescens , Spodoptera frugiperda, H. zea etc. Simple ketone, 5-ocimenone Tagetes minuta (Leaves) Dysdercus koenigii Echinacein Echinacea angustifolia (Roots) Tenebrio molitor , Onchopeltus fasciatus etc. Ethanolic extract Custard apple, Annona reticulata , A. glabra (Fruit) Diabrotica sp. etc. Clerodane Ocimum basilicum (Leaves) Culex mosquitoes, Oncopeltus fasciatus etc. Ajugarin Ajuga reptans L . A. remota Mexican bean beetle, two- spotted spider mite, beet armyworm, (Jacobson,M.,1986)
- 16. Chitin synthesis inhibitors • CSIs prevent the formation of chitin. •During moulting there is improper attachment of new cuticle, that lacks some of the layers normally occur. •BPU analogues block the terminal polimerization step catalyzed by chitin synthase. •Thiadizine compound (buprofezin) inhibit incorporation of glucose and N- acetyl- glucosamine.
- 17. MarketAvailable Product Name of the IGRs Molecular Formula Target Order Successful Example Product available in market Diflubenzuron C14H9CIF2N2O2 Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera etc. Gypsy moths, Housefly, Boll weevil etc. Larvakil, Dimilin, Difluron,Astonex etc. Lufenuron C17H8Cl2F8N2O 3 Lapidoptera, Coleopteratc. Armyworm, Codling moth, vegetable beetles etc. Lunox, Match etc Novaluron C17H9ClF8N2O4 Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera etc. Helicoverpa armiera , Spodoptera litura , Liriomyza trifoli etc. Rimon, Biltora, Rimostar, etc Teflubenzuron C14H6Cl2F4N2O 2 Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera etc. Nemolt, Nomolt, Tefluron, Dart etc. Chlorfluazuron C20H9Cl3F5N3O 3 Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Thysenoptera, Lepidoptera etc. Whitefly, jumping plant lice, Codling moth etc. Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae, Whitefly, Thrips etc. Atabron, Helix, Aim, Jupiter etc. Buprofezin C16H23N3OS Hemiptera BPH, Whitefly etc. Himbupro, Bullet, Banzo,Apollo etc.
- 18. “Carrol Williams “(1967) proposed that, the insect juvenile hormone (JH) as an insecticide. JHAs cause wide range of developmental derangement in susceptible species. It affect embryogenesis, laval development, metamorphosis and reproduction. The exogenous appication of JHAs to insects results in the formation of supernumerary nymphal/larval inster, larval- pupal, pupal- adult intermediates. JHAs application to adult females or eggs results in ovicidal and/ or chemosterilizing effects.
- 19. CommerciallyAvailable JHAs Products Name of the IGRS Molecular Formula Target Order Successful Example Market Available Products Methoprene C19H34O3 Siphonaptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera etc. Flea, Mosquitoes and several types ofAnts, Lice, Moths, Beetles etc. Altosid, Precor, Apex, Diacon, Dianex, Kabat, Minex, etc. Pyriproxyfen C20H19NO3 Hemiptera, Diptera, Dictyopotera, Lepidoptera, etc. Houseflies, Mosquitoes, Cockroaches ,Whitefly, Jassids,Aphids, Bollworm, Cutworms etc. Daita Fenoxycarb C17H19NO4 Diptera, Siphonaptera, Dictyoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, etc. Mediterranean fruit flies, Mosquitoes, Fire ants, Fleas, Cockroaches etc. Award, Logic, Insegar, Pictyl, Comply, Torus etc. Diofenolan C18H20O4 Lepidotera, Hemiptera etc. Citrus butterfly , Spodoptera litura, Scale insects etc. Aware.
- 20. Name of the IGRS Molecular Formula Target Order Successful Example Market Available Products Hydroprene C17H30O2 Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Dictyoptera, etc. Cockroaches, Beetles, moths etc. Gencor, Gentrol, Discs, Sterilizer etc. Kinoprene C18H28O2 Hemiptera Aphids, Mealybugs, Whiteflies, Armoured scales etc. Enstar Triprene C18H32O2S Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera etc. Soft scale insects,Aphids, Cotton leafworm, Pink bollworm, Dessert locust etc. Altorick Epofenonane C20H32O2 Lepidoptera, Hemiptera etc. Fruit tree leafrollers; Aphids, Psyllids, Whitefly , Scale insects etc. ..
- 21. It is also known as Precocenes. Anti-juvenile hormone agents act by destroying corpora allata and preventing JH synthesis. When treated on immature stages of insect, they skip one or two larval instars and turn into tiny precocious adults. They(adults) can neither mate, nor oviposit and die soon. Eg. – EMD (ethyl (E)-3-methyl-2-dodecenoate), Fmev (Fluoromevalonate), and PB (Piperonyl Butoxide) etc.
- 22. MHAs blocking the biosynthesis of moulting hormone and disrupt moulting process. When applied in insects, kill them by formation of defective cuticle. The development processes are accelerated bypassing several normal events resulting in integument lacking scales or wax layer. It also affect in egg production and spermatogenesis in adults.
- 23. Name of the IGRS Molecular Formula Target Order Successful Example Market Available Products Tebufenozoid C22H28N2O2 Lepidoptera Codling moth, Gypsy moth, Fruit tree leaf folder etc. Mimic, Confirm etc. Halofenozoid C18H19ClN2O 2 Coleoptera, Lepidoptera etc. Scarabaeiid beetle, Oriental beetle, Japanese beetle, Cutworm, Webworm etc. MACH 2, GrubEx etc. Methoxyfenozoid C22H28N2O3 Lapidopteran pest of fruits & vegetable Lesser appleworm, Oriental fruit moth, Loopers,Armyworm, Bud moths Intrepid Runner Prodigy Falcon Commercially Available MHAs
- 24. Effective in minute quantities and so are economical. Target specific and so safe to natural enemies. Bio-degradable, non-persistent and non-polluting. Non-toxic to humans, animals and plants. Well fitted into IPM programme. Less chance to resistance. (http://eagri.org/eagri50)
- 25. Kills only certain stages of pest. Slow mode of action. Not easily available. High Cost. Unstable in the environment. (http://eagri.org/eagri50)
- 26. At present IGRs play a limited role in overall pest managemet. There is a need for fundamental research on controlled release system, which are cheaf, non toxic and biodegradable and developed the suitable application technology. The IGRs are becoming more reliable and look set for a promising future in IPM programme.
- 27. • http://eagri.org/eagri50/ENTO232/lec23.pdf • Krysan, James; Dunley, John. "Insect Growth Regulators". Retrieved 20 November 2010. • Hasan T, Nedim U, Turk J Agric For, 2004, 28, 377. • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234642/#NBK234642_footnotes • Robert H. Poppenga, Frederick W. Oehme, in Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Third Edition), 2010. • Mordue (Luntz), A.J. & A. Blackwell., 1993.Azadirachtin:An update. J. Insect Physol. 39: 903-924. • Gnanamani.R. and Dhanasekaran.S. 2013, Insect Growth Regulator Plumbagin from Plumbago indica Against Pericallia ricini (Lepidoptera: Aractidae),Asian Journal of Plant Sciences Volume 12 (5): 219-223. • Srivastava, K.P. and Dhaliwal G.S., “ATextbook OfApplied Entomology” (Third Edition), 2010. • .Applied Entomology D.S. Reddy 4th edition