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Ram Chandra - 418_choladeck.pptxyyyyyyytt
- 1. MRI Advancement RAM CHANDRASHARMA Group No. :- 418
- 2. content Introduction History Advancement o Hardwareadvancement o Software advancement o Application advancement
- 3. MRI ? M-MAGNETIC R- RESONANCE I-IMAGING Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to create a detailed, cross-sectional image of internal organs and structures from the body. It is a type of scan that uses large strong magnetic fields ,radio waves and a computer to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
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- 6. How does MRIWork ? putting patient into magnet Sending R.F pulse Receiving R.F pulse constructing image from raw data with computers.
- 7. History 1937 -Rabigives his postulate on “molecular beam magnetic resonance” 1946 Edward Purcell and Felix Bloch independently studied the magnetic resonance properties of atoms and molecules in solids and liquids. 1971 Raymond Damadian suggested that MR relaxation times could be used to distinguish cancer from healthy tissue. 1973-Paul Lauterbur realized that a gradient magnetic field would allow observers to take two- dimensional images of an object, which could then be stacked to create a three-dimensional view. Lauterbur imaged two water-filled test tube using magnetic resonance, producing the 1st MR image. By 1977, Dr. Damadian completed construction of the first whole-body MRI scanner, which he named the "Indomitable Peter Mansfield developed echo- planar technique in the year 1977 , which allows images to be produces in seconds and later becomes the basis for fast MR imaging. Many scientists over the next years developed MRI into the technology that we now know today.
- 8. 1882 - NikolaTesla discovered the Rotating Magnetic Field.
- 9. 1937 -Rabi giveshis postulate on “molecular beam magnetic resonance Isidor Isaac Rabi
- 10. • 1946 EdwardPurcell and Felix Bloch independently studied the magnetic resonance properties of atoms and molecules in solids and liquids. Edward Mills Purcell Felix Bloch
- 11. 1971 Raymond Damadiansuggested that MR relaxation times could be used to distinguish cancer from healthy tissue.
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- 13. Paul C. Lauterbur 1973-PaulLauterbur realized that a gradient magnetic field would allow observers to take two- dimensional images of an object, which could then be stacked to create a three-dimensional view. Lauterbur imaged two water-filled test tube using magnetic resonance, producing the 1st MR image.
- 14. Peter Mansfield developedecho- planar technique in the year 1977 , which allows images to be produces in seconds and later becomes the basis for fast MR imaging. Peter Mansfield
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- 19. High field scanners 7T MRI In October 2017, the FDA cleared the first 7T MRI system. The Magnetom Terra from Siemens is the first 7T MRI system cleared for clinical use in the United States
- 20. AIR COIL TECHNOLOGY •It enables the creation of blanket-like MRI coils, rather than the hard plastic or semi- flexible coil sheets currently available
- 21. ADVANTAGES : • canbe folded and bent to easily wrap around the patient’s body. • The coils are extremely lightweight and use flexible electronics. • The AIR technology also allows coils to overlap without cross-talk interference, unlike conventional coil technology.
- 22. Wide bore MRI •Main reason for these new wide bore machines have become so widely popular is because they have allowed those patients who cannot fit into conventional MRI machines
- 23. Open bore MRI OpenMRI is helpful in groups of patients: •Claustrophobic or anxious •Bariatric •Limited mobility •Children and the elderly
- 24. In-bore ambient experiencetechnology • This system includes an Ambient Experience technology package that offers a soothing experience for the patient complete with imagery, sound and light specially designed to help patients relax.
- 25. Silent MRI • GEHealthcare has expanded its Silent Scan MRI noise reduction technology to its Signa Pioneer 3T system
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- 27. Multi-contrast MRI imagesfrom a single acquisition (FDA) granted market clearance for GE Healthcare’s MAGIC (Magnetic resonance image Compilation) software, the industry’s first multi-contrast MRI technique that delivers eight contrasts in a single acquisition in a fraction of the time of conventional imaging. Clinicians have the ability to generate multiple image contrasts in a single MR scan – including T1, T2, STIR, T1 FLAIR, T2 FLAIR, dual IR, phase sensitive IR and proton density weighted images of the brain in a single acquisition.
- 28. Software greatly reducingMRI Scan times Simultaneous Multi-Slice (SMS) o Using SMS, physicians can reduce the length of MRI brain examinations o SMS can be used in the treatment of patients who possess limited tolerance for longer scan times, including pediatric or geriatric patients o The SMS application is available on Siemens’ Magnetom Aera 1.5T, Magnetom Skyra 3T, and Magnetom Prisma and Prisma Fit 3T MRI systems.
- 29. GO Brain GOBrain application allows acquisition of clinically essential image orientations and contrasts with a single button-push. The technology is backed by Siemens’ high-channel density coils and the company’s MRI scanning software DotGO. GOBrain helps improve patient throughput and potentially reduce costs per scan. The GOBrain application is featured on the Magnetom Aera and Magnetom Skyra systems.
- 30. Lung MRI Nowpossible Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) Lung MRI has been problematic since the lungs are filled with air and there is a low density of the hydrogen atoms required to create MR images. For this reason, computed tomography (CT) has traditionally been used for lung imaging. At RSNA 2015, Toshiba introduced its Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) sequence for dedicated pulmonary MRI. Available on the Vantage Titan 3.0T MR system, UTE allows clinicians to view tissue with very short relaxation times and high susceptibility regions where signals generally disappear too quickly for accurate MR imaging.
- 31. Simplifying cardiac MRI ViosWorks Cardiac MRI has been very limited, only making up about 1 percent of all MRIs due to its complexity, long exam times and high cost. However, GE Healthcare introduced a new MRI technology at RSNA 2015 to greatly simplify cardiac MR in hopes of expanding its adoption in place of CT scans. Developed for its new Signa MRI scanners, the new ViosWorks cardiac MRI software helps automate the image sequences to perform a full 3-D chest volume scan that includes the full motion of the myocardium during the cardiac cycle, blood flow, time and fully automated quantification to create what GE calls a 7-D cardiac MRI exam. ViosWorks also speeds the imaging time from 70 minutes down to about 10 minutes using a single, free breathing exam. Gathering a full volume dataset of a chest in motion creates a large amount of data that would normally clog the average picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and post-processing 3-D image workstation. An average cardiac MRI exam today is about 200 MB, while a ViosWorks exam is about 20 GB. So, GE has launched a new cloud computing service to help process that large amount of data quickly with remote super-computing power.
- 32. Simplifying MRI-conditional implantscans ScanWise Implant Advancements in medical implant technologies have greatly increased the number of patients with these devices in recent years, which complicated MRI scanning of these patients. MR-conditional implants include knee and hip replacements, spine implants, pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). More of these devices are becoming MR-conditional, which permits MRI scanning within certain parameters. These implants require adjustments in the scanner setup in order to create optimal images in the presence of these metal implants and to ensure patient safety. However, these adjustments can be time consuming and complex, causing patients with MR-conditional implants to often be denied MRI exams. At RSNA 2015, Philips unveiled the first MRI automated user interface technology designed to greatly simplify exams with patients that have MR-conditional medical implants. The new Scan Wise Implant software offers a guided user interface and automatic scan parameter selection designed to support “first-time-right” imaging. The software guides operators to meet the specific criteria for each implant.
- 33. Shortening prostate MRIExams SEEit The FDA in January cleared the noninvasive SEEit prostate MR imaging solution from Siemens. Powered by syngo MR E11 software architecture, SEEit enables users of Siemens’ Magnetom Aera 1.5T and Magnetom Skyra 3T MRI systems to perform a routine prostate exam in just 10 minutes without using an endorectal coil, which can cause patient discomfort. Siemens’ Direct RF and high-density coil technology Tim 4G – coupled with its Resolve diffusion technology – deliver the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution that enable users to perform these examinations using only the company’s new Body 30/60 surface coil.
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- 35. Neuro imaging DWI/DTI PERFUSION IMAGING MR SPECTROSCOPY SUSCEPTIBILITY WEIGHTED IMAGING F- MRI MR NEUROGRAPHY INTRAOPERATIVE MRI CSF FLOW STUDY
- 36. Abdominal imaging MRELASTOGRAPHY DWI in LIVER PERFUSION IMAGING in LIVER MR UROGRAPHY
- 37. Musculoskeletal imaging MRARTHROGRAPHY CARTILAGE IMAGING ORTHOPAEDIC HARDWARE IMAGING
- 38. Bowel imaging Enterography/enteroclysis Defaecography