Rationalize research
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This document discusses key concepts related to research including: 1. It defines research as a systematic, critical, and empirical investigation of hypotheses related to natural phenomena. 2. It outlines the purposes of nursing research as exploring phenomena, describing information, explaining behaviors, experimenting on relationships, testing procedures, predicting outcomes, and solving problems. 3. It discusses ethical considerations in nursing research including beneficence, respect for human dignity, justice, informed consent, and vulnerable subjects.
Rationalize research
- 1. SIR G Research Rationalization
- 2. RESEARCH - DERIVED FROM THE French word “cerchier” meaning to seek or search Con - trolled Crit - ical Em - pirical Sy - stematic investigation of a hypothetical proposition related to natural phenomenon. Must be conducted to affirm or deny a hypothesis PHENOMENON – anything that affects human lifeEx. disease, signs & symptoms, procedures, HYPOTHESIS – educated guess, scientific guess, tentative statement of a supposed answer. Ex. Not known yet if true of false, right or wrong
- 3. Nagel, 1961. - Basic research (or pure research) “knowledge for knowledge’s sake” Wysocki, 1983 - basic research is to generate and refine theory. Abdellah & Levine, 1979 - Applied research (or practical research) generate knowledge that will directly influence or improve clinical practice . Purpose Ma - ke decisions So - lve problems Pre - dict or control outcomes in real-life practice situations.
- 4. Purpose of Nursing Research GENERAL – to develop new knowledge and technology to improve the practice of nursing and the provision of services for the attainment of health for the people ULTIMATE GOAL – to improve quality of life Specific Purposes of Nursing Research EXPLORE to obtain richer familiarity with the phenomenon DESCRIBE to obtain complete and accurate information about a phenomenon EXPLAIN to provide conceptual analysis grounded in observation or human behavior EXPERIMENT to test hypothesis about relationships TEST to determine responses to a proposed method, procedure, product PREDICT to estimate the probability of a specific outcome
- 5. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN NURSING RESEARCH Beneficence Freedom from Harm Freedom from Exploitation Benefits from Research Risk/Benefit Ratio Respect for Human Dignity Right to Self-Determination Right to Full Disclosure Justice Right to Fair Treatment Right to Privacy – anonymity and confidentiality Informed Consent Vulnerable Subjects External Reviews/Committees
- 6. PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCESS NURSING PROCESS RESEARCH PROCESS Data collection Assessment Knowledge of the world Problem definition Data collection of nursing Plan Data interpretation Clinical experiences Goal setting Nursing diagnosis Literature review Identifying solutions Plan Problem and purpose Implementation Goal setting identification Evaluating and revising process Planned interventions Methodology plan Implementation Design Evaluation and modification Sample Methods of measurement Data collection Data analysis Implementation Outcomes, communication of findings, and use findings in practice
- 7. 4 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH S - ystematic – follow step by step process. From identification of problem to conclusion. E - mpirical– proper objective. To collect data facts & evidence to support hypothesis. C - ontrolled – proper planning/ direction. Research design. C - ritical investigation – fact finding investigation.
- 8. PURPOSE OF ASIENTIFIC NURSING RESEARCH D – descriptive purpose. Gain richer familiarity regarding a phenomena. Observation. 100% known to RN. E – exploratory purpose. 50% still unknown to RN. E – experimental purpose. Perform manipulation Perform intervention. What to find out cause & effect. D – developmental purposes. For improvement of system of care.
- 9. F NIGHTINGALE Birthplace. Italy Training ground: Germany Greatest contribution: environmental theory & training of RNs in Crimean War School: St. Thomas School of Nursing
- 10. 10 MAJOR STEPS Iden - tification or formulation of research problem f Review - of related literature t Concept - ualization of conceptual/ theoretical framework f Formula - tion/ Adapting hypothesis Choo - sing the a - ppropriate design s Choo - sing s Sam - ple from pop s Condu - cting final study or pilot study u Coll - ection of data base Ana - lysis & interpretation of data base n Disseminat - ing the conclusion & recommendation.
- 11. SOURCES (CLIENT) OF GOOD PROBLEM C – concepts L – literatures I – issues E – essays N – nursing problems T – theories
- 12. CHAR OF GOOD PROBLEM G – general applicability – result should be helpful or applicable to all. basic/ Pre – for personal knowledge Applied – focus is solving problems of others Re – researchable – collectable & abundant data F – feasible or measurable - time - money/ cost - participants - instruments - experience - proper ethics of good researcher I – important N – novelty – original to avoid plagiarism. S – significant
- 13. ETHICS OF A PROPER RESEARCHER S – scientific objective always (good faith) C – consent I – integrity E – equitable (appropriate acknowledgments) liable for N – noble – Respect 3 basic rights of research sample T – truthfulness I – importance of topic to nursing profession C – courage to look for data.
- 14. Legal owner of chart: Hospital Legal owner of data in the chart: Patient Plagiarism – illegal replication: no consent & acknowledge 3 rights of sample/ pt Right not to be harmed Right to self determination – get consent & right to withdraw consent Right to privacy anonymity – privacy of identity of informant confidentiality – name given but privacy of info/ data
- 15. Variables – anything that is subject t change on manipulation. Independent variable – target population IV – stimulus intervention Dependent variable – response DV – response measured Independe Target Dependent nt variable Population Variable (stimulus) (Organism) (Response) Place of Filipino RNs Financial income work Reviewers early review Jan
- 16. Review of related literature Purpose: for proper formulation of conceptual & theoretical framework. Theory – relationship bet concepts Conceptual framework. Illustration showing relationship between variables Paradigm- diagrammatic presentation / illustration of conceptual framework. Source of review literature Conceptual Sources – authors & conceptualists ( DOH book, Lippincott, Mosbys)for general use, can be sold. 2. Research sources – researchers cant be sold.