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ReEnvisioning E-Resource Holdings Management
The document discusses the evolution and current state of e-resource holdings management in libraries, highlighting the shift from manual processing to automated services for improved efficiency and accuracy. It presents findings from a study conducted at the University of Toronto Libraries between 2014 and 2015, focusing on the integration of automated holdings management and its benefits and challenges. The document suggests a future where the library's role shifts towards managing access rather than possession of resources, emphasizing the need for collaboration and technological advancements in the library sector.
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ReEnvisioning E-Resource Holdings Management
- 1. Envisioning E-Resource Holdings Management Marlenevan Ballegooie University of Toronto Libraries NASIG 2015
- 2. Outline • Flashback tothe dawn of NASIG – What were we thinking about e-resource holdings management then? • Current state of ERM • OCLC’s automated holdings management services • The study results • Benefits/challenges of the service • A look to the future of e-resource holdings management
- 3. Predicting the Futureof E-Resource Holdings Management
- 4. The Hits… “In tenyears, the library that we know today will be augmented by virtual libraries... Resources that seem to be locally available will actually be held at remote locations…A library’s holdings will be defined by access, not by possession.” Lucy Seifert Wegner, “The Research Library and Emerging Information Technology.” (1992)
- 5. “Staff will needto change from pointers and retrievers to organizers and facilitators. They must accept that the library must change from a fortress to a pipeline and realize that the collections must be dealt with “en masse” rather than one at a time.” Kenneth E. Dowlin, “The Neographic Library: A 30- Year Perspective on Public Libraries.” (1993)
- 6. “As in-house technicalprocessing recedes into the afterglow of shared-cataloging nirvana, catalogers and other technical processing staff will move toward being managers – rather than producers – of online records.” Richard D. Hacken, “Tomorrow’s research library: vigor or rigor mortis?” (1988)
- 7. “Providing cataloging descriptionsfor ‘moving targets’ will soon become a familiar problem.” Karen L. Horny, “New Turns for a New Century: Library Services in the Information Age.” (1987) “Cataloging may not take place entirely within libraries. Publishers of electronic manuscripts may have their own staffs provide standardized bibliographic records with a variety of subject access points.”
- 8. And the Misses… “Fewof these new kinds of journals will come from existing journal publishers, at least not if the new journals would compete with existing products.” “Librarians’ favorite media after print will continue to be microform…” Brett Butler, “Scholarly Journals, Electronic Publishing, and Library Networks: From 1986 to 2000.” (1986) “Primary research – journals articles, proceedings, reports, and other published literature – that is the province of today’s research library does not have a good channel for distribution of electronic information.”
- 9. “It would bea mistake, however, to believe that electronic journals are going to replace present printed journals, anymore than television replaced motion pictures … While a few new electronic journals have appeared, they are being created at the very margins of scholarship.” Harold Billings, “Romancing the information flow: solving the information crisis.” (1991)
- 10. “If one assumedthat the number of electronic journals would grow to 100 by 1995 and 1,000 by the year 2000, they will still account for only a small proportion of the estimated 7,000 to 15,000 scholarly journals in existence. This is not something … that is going to inundate us anytime soon.” Martin J. Dillon cited by Kim McDonald. “Despite benefits, electronic journals will not replace print, experts say.” (1991)
- 11. Fast Forward to2015
- 12. Proliferation of E-Contentin Libraries • University of Toronto Libraries – $29 million acquisition budget – $17.5 million devoted to electronic resources (60% of total acquisition budget) – Ongoing electronic subscriptions (serials, databases, etc.) $15 million (86% of e-resource budget) • Libraries are making substantial investments in electronic resources
- 13. • Several playersin providing access to e-resources – Libraries – Content providers – Knowledgebase vendors / Link resolver vendors – Subscription agents • More interdependencies than ever…all based on… A Changing Environment
- 14. E-Resource Data SupplyChain Library activates purchased content in KB to make content available for discovery Content provider supplies knowledgebase provider with metadata for all electronic content available for purchase Library purchases electronic resources. Content provider supplies library with title list of purchased materials. (hopefully!) Content Provider Knowledgebase Provider Library
- 15.
- 16. Manual Processing • Holdingsmaintenance is a time consuming and manual process • Constant ‘tweaking’ of metadata in ERM – Serial coverage dates – Individual title purchases – Non-standard packages
- 17. TT Metadata supplied by contentproviders is often incomplete or erroneous • Title changes • Title transfers • Ceased titles Problematic Metadata
- 18. TT Time Lags • Gettingcontent provider metadata into knowledgebase • Getting title list from content provider • Getting holdings registered in ERM • The more time goes by, the greater chance it will get neglected
- 19. Electronic resources existin remote locations, yet we rely on people in libraries to pass around information about their holdings. Metadata is passed through many hands… Sometimes, the baton gets dropped… Too Many Intermediaries
- 20. To overcome currentshortcomings in ERM, we need to change the way the data flows. How should data travel? …As the crow flies
- 21. Automated Holdings Management Content Provider Library Contentprovider supplies knowledgebase provider with metadata for all electronic content available for purchase Knowledgebase Provider Content provider supplies knowledgebase provider with metadata for institution-specific holdings. Knowledgebase provider activates institution-specific holdings in content packages. Electronic resources are available for discovery without library intervention.
- 22. Behind the Curtain •To enable autoload, providers supply OCLC with the following files: – Collections File: KBART format file for each collection/package offered by the content provider – If applicable, KBART format file for PDA e-books – Collections Description File: Listing of all collections being transferred – Holdings Data File: Includes the institution holdings by collection/title with customer identifier – Customer Map: Includes the provider’s customer identifier and the corresponding OCLC cataloging symbol
- 23. Holdings Data File CustomerMap Collections Description File Collections File
- 24.
- 25. Research Questions • Howwell do automated loads reflect the library’s purchased electronic content? • What types of collections are ideal for automated holdings maintenance? • How quickly do titles get in the system using the automated service? • How is the loaded content organized in relation to the library’s licensing agreements? • Does the service provide adequate reporting to enable libraries to monitor their collections?
- 26. The Study • Studyduration: September 2014 – May 2015 • Signed up for as many automated feeds as possible, no matter how big or small • Each time a file was uploaded in WorldCat knowledge base, a corresponding access report was retrieved from the content provider site • Data uploaded to a MySQL database and manipulated to make it suitable for comparison • Custom scripting to determine matched and non- matched titles
- 28. ebrary • Service Profile –Collectionin KB: ebrary All Purchased –Frequency: Every two weeks –OCLC number coverage: 95% –Available for PDA: Yes
- 29. ebrary Results 12418 12417 12417 12424 12427 12435 12447 14524 14571 14571 12120 12121 12116 12110 12117 12127 12435 12441 14533 14571 298 296 301 314 310 308 12 2083 38 0 0 20004000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 9/11/2014 10/1/2014 10/31/2014 11/11/2014 11/26/2014 12/26/2014 1/23/2015 2/4/2015 2/26/2015 3/3/2015 All ebrary URLs Matched URLs Unmatched URLs
- 30. ebrary Observations • Irregularfrequency (between Sept 2014 and May 2015, only 10 uploads) • Single title orders are often the most anxiously awaited…monthly load too long to wait • Majority of missing titles showed up in the next subsequent upload • KB initially represented a fraction of our ebrary titles…later additional collections were added to the knowledgebase
- 31. MyiLibrary • Service Profile –Collectionin KB: MyiLibrary Collection –Frequency: Weekly –OCLC number coverage: 96% –Available for PDA: No
- 32. MyiLibrary Results 30037 30037 30037 30034 30035 30036 3 2 1 0 500010000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 9/24/2014 10/31/2014 11/5/2014 All MyiLibrary URLs Matched URLs Unmatched URLs
- 33. MyiLibrary Observations • Loadfrequency does not live up to expectations (between Sept 2014 and May 2015 there were 3 uploads) • List provided by content provider missing a large number of purchased titles (approximately 30,000 titles uploaded; 39,636 titles available on website) • All MyiLibrary content in one collection. Does not account for separately licensed content.
- 34. Postscript to MyiLibraryStory • After contacting MyiLibrary about the missing titles, a list was produced containing ALL 39,636 titles we subscribe to on the platform. …for the MyiLibrary collection to be updated in the WorldCat Knowledge Base…
- 35. EBL Ebook Library •Service Profile –Collection in KB: Ebook Library Catalogue –Frequency: Once a week –OCLC number coverage: 99.8% –Available for PDA: Yes
- 36. EBL Book LibraryResults 8 10 12 8 10 12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 2/28/2015 3/8/2015 3/24/2015 All EBL URLs Matched URLs Unmatched URLs
- 37. EBL Book LibraryObservations • New content provider for University of Toronto Libaries • Perfect results, though sample was extremely small • Close to weekly uploads (three loads in a one month span, though nothing since end of March)
- 38. Elsevier ScienceDirect • ServiceProfile – Collections in KB: • Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals • ScienceDirect Book Series • ScienceDirect All Books – Frequency: Weekly – OCLC number coverage: • Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals – 91.6% • ScienceDirect Book Series – 96.7% • ScienceDirect All Books – 98.9% – Available for PDA: No
- 39. ScienceDirect Access Report •The ScienceDirect access report includes: – Subscribed titles – Complimentary titles – Free-to-read titles – Non-Subscribed titles • Much duplication in report, mainly attributed to differing access types. • All categories, except for the non-subscribed titles, are represented in the data feed to OCLC.
- 40. Six Publication Types– Three Collections • Journal • Book • Book Series • Book Series Volume • Reference Work • Handbooks Series Books Book SeriesJournals
- 41. ScienceDirect Analysis A Gameof Hide and Seek • Over the course of the study, some content was missing or moved from one collection to another. – Many book series volumes missing from collections – Handbook series moved from book series collection to serials collection – E-books were often contained in more than one package
- 42. Changing Directions • Dueto difficulties in data matching through time, a new approach was needed • Treat ScienceDirect as a single collection and compare distinct URLs • Led to a more accurate picture of the uploaded content
- 43. Elsevier ScienceDirect Results 14178 14299 14327 14390 14437 14506 14538 14557 14535 14568 14578 14615 14626 14859 14876 14888 14935 14954 14978 15043 15052 15097 13049 13091 13093 14321 14321 14324 14449 14449 14489 14496 14419 14569 14607 14766 14766 14765 14869 14883 14927 14946 15010 15044 1129 1208 1234 69 116 182 89 108 46 72 159 46 19 93 110 123 66 71 51 97 42 53 02000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 9/17/2014 10/25/2014 11/2/2014 11/16/2014 11/30/2014 12/10/2014 12/14/2014 12/22/2014 1/11/2015 1/19/2015 1/25/2015 2/8/2015 2/15/2015 3/2/2015 3/8/2015 3/16/2015 3/22/2015 3/29/2015 4/5/2015 4/12/2015 4/18/2015 4/29/2015 All Elsevier URLs Matched URLs Unmatched URLs
- 44. Elsevier ScienceDirect Results 1129 1208 1234 69 116 182 89 108 46 72 159 46 19 93 110 123 66 71 51 97 42 53 02000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 9/17/2014 10/25/2014 11/2/2014 11/16/2014 11/30/2014 12/10/2014 12/14/2014 12/22/2014 1/11/2015 1/19/2015 1/25/2015 2/8/2015 2/15/2015 3/2/2015 3/8/2015 3/16/2015 3/22/2015 3/29/2015 4/5/2015 4/12/2015 4/18/2015 4/29/2015 Unmatched URLs What we really want to know is how many titles DID NOT get into the knowledgebase.
- 45. ScienceDirect Observations • Inearly uploads, many book series volumes did not get loaded into the knowledgebase • Change in definition of ‘ScienceDirect Book Series’ collection largely resolved missing title issue • In most cases, e-resources that were missing in one load, showed up in the subsequent load • Frequency is generally consistent, with a few minor hiccups
- 46. Of all thetitles NOT matched throughout the study… …there were only 20 titles not represented in the KB… …That’s only 0.1% of all titles in our Elsevier account…
- 48. Autoload vs. ‘Traditional’ERM Techniques • Comparison between UTL’s ‘subscribed’ ScienceDirect titles in ERM and Elsevier entitlements • Misalignment between selected packages and actual purchases – 879 titles we are entitled to were not represented in subscribed content packages – 247 titles in the subscribed packages were titles we did not have access to
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- 50.
- 51. An ERM PromiseFulfilled? • Time saving for librarians • Well suited for “cherry-picked” collections where manual selection is necessary (i.e. aggregator platforms) • Increased accuracy • Excellent compatibility with PDA programs
- 52. Some Remaining Challenges •Completely reliant on accuracy of content provider metadata – Any problems need to be addressed by the content provider – Manual corrections will be overwritten each time data is reloaded • Length of time between uploads can be long (monthly or more) • Difficult to spot when things do go wrong and content does not get loaded.
- 53.
- 54. Seamless Updates • Willthere ever be a time when activation on content provider site and knowledgebase is synched daily?
- 55. Better Reporting Capabilities •Increased reporting capabilities – Alerts/notifications when uploads occur – Libraries need to know what content could not be loaded • Feedback loop – Ability to analyze data and report inconsistencies leads to better product development
- 56. Help With SingleJournal Subscriptions • Managing single e-journals is like trying to herd cats – Consolidation of registration/activation • Do I really need to activate a title on the vendor site AND in the ERM system? – New opportunity for subscription agents?
- 57. Concurrent Users • Abilityto determine concurrent user limit • Particularly important for aggregator packages that have multiple purchasing options – i.e. ebrary MUPO and SUPO collections
- 58. Greater Participation • Thisis only the tip of the iceberg • Libraries need to advocate for autoloaded collections …LOUDLY!
- 59. How Do WeGet There From Here? Standardization Technological Sophistication Co-operation Customer Feedback Progressive Licensing Terms Data Integrity
- 60. A Common Purpose andknowledgebase providers Above all, perhaps, librarians and publishers should sit down at a table of common purpose and join again in what has always been a necessary partnership: to publish and make available the ideas and creative works of authors. Harold Billings, “Supping with the devil: new library alliances in the information age.” (1993)
- 61.