Renal Physiology (I) - Kidney Function & Physiological Anatomy - Dr. Gawad

Renal Physiology (I) - Kidney Function & Physiological Anatomy - Dr. Gawad

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  1 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY (I) m KIDNEY FUNCTION & PYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY Mohammed Abdel Gawad
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  OBJECTIVES 2  Introduction  Functions of the kidney  Physiological anatomy of the kidney  Nephron & its types  Renal circulation & renal blood flow  Nervous supply of the kidney
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  INTRODUCTION – THEKIDNEY 3  A retroperitoneal organ  T11-L3  Normal size: 11-15cm in adults.  Right kidney usually shorter than the left (upper limit of variation in length between right & left 1.5 cm)
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  FUNCTIONS OF THEKIDNEY 4  1- Execratory function:  a. metabolites  b. drugs  c. toxins  2- Homeostatic function:  a. Maintenance of water balance.  b. Maintenance of electrolyte balance.  c. Maintenance of acid-base balance.  3- Endocrine (hormonal) secretory function:  a) Renin by the juxtaglomerular cells (JG)  b) Erythropoietin hormone by endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries of renal cortex  c) Prostaglandins.  4- Endocrine (hormonal) metabolic function:  The kidney converts vitamin D3 → active 1,25­dihydroxycholecalciferol by alpha one hydroxylase enzyme in cells of PCT under effect of PTH.
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  PHYSIOLOGIC ANATOMY 5 OF THE KIDNEY
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  NEPHRON (Renal malpighian corpuscle & Renal tubules) 6
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  NEPHRON (Renal malpighian corpuscle) 7
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  NEPHRON (Renal malpighian corpuscle) 8
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  TYPES OF NEPHRON 9
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  TYPES OF NEPHRON 10 (85-90%) (10-15%)
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  RENAL CIRCULATION 11  See the video on our facebook group NephroTube
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  RENAL CIRCULATION 12
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  RENAL CIRCULATION
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  KIDNEYS BLOOD FLOWRATE 14  - One fourth (25%) of the cardiac output passes into the kidney/minute (1300 ml blood/minute).  - The high renal blood flow does not reflect a high O2 consumption (kidneys utilize 8% of the total O2 consumption of the body).  - This high blood flow is related to the homeostatic function of the kidney → allows a high rate of glomerular filtration
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  NERVE SUPPLY 15  The renal blood vessels are supplied by splanchnic nerves, vasoconstrictors → renal blood is reduced in stress condition due to sympathetic stimulation → blood is shifted to vital organs  The kidney also receives input from the parasympathetic nervous system, by way of the renal branches of Vagus nerve (Cranial nerve X), the function of this is yet unclear.  Sensory input from the kidney travels to the T10-11 levels of the spinal cord and is sensed in the corresponding dermatome. Thus, pain in the flank region may be referred from corresponding kidney
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  16 Follow On www.nephrotube.blogspot.com & Facebook Group NephroTube
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  17 Gawad