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Reported Speech
- 1.
- 2. Definition Reported speechis often also called indirect speech. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past).
- 3. We also havedirect speech and indirect speech: “ I have chickenpox” (Direct speech) She says he has chickenpox (Indirect speech) This is using a present simple reported verb.
- 4. An other example could be: Maria: “Laura was ill” (Direct speech) Maria said (that) Laura had been ill. (Indirect speech) This is using a past simple reported verb.
- 5. The verbs thereforeusually have to be in the past too. For example: “ I'm going to the cinema.” He said he was going to the cinema.
- 6. Basic tense chartThe tenses generally move backwards in this way (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):
- 7. EXAMPLES PRESENT SIMPLE I' m a teacher. PAST SIMPLE He said he was a teacher.
- 8. PRESENT CONTINUOUS I'm having lunch with my parents. PAST CONTINUOUS He said he was having lunch with his parents.
- 9. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLEI' ve been to France three times. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE He said he had been to France three times .
- 10. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUSI' ve been working very hard. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS He said he had been working very hard.
- 11. PAST SIMPLE I bought a new car. PAST PERFECT He said he had bought a new car.
- 12. PAST CONTINUOUS It was raining earlier. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS He said it had been raining earlier.
- 13. PAST PERFECT Theplay had started when I arrived. PAST PERFECT He said the play had started when I arrived. (NO CHANGE POSSIBLE)
- 14. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUSI' d already been living in London for five years. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS He said He' d already been living in London for five years. (NO CHANGE POSSIBLE)
- 15. Other verb forms Other verb forms also sometimes change:
- 16. WILL I' llcome and see you soon. WOULD He said he would come and see me soon.
- 17. CAN I can swim under water for two minutes. COULD He said he could swim under water for two minutes.
- 18. MUST Alltickets must be bought in advance. HAD TO He said that all tickets had to be bought in advance.
- 19. Things are slightlymore complicated with imperatives.
- 20. POSITIVE IMPERATIVE Shut up! TELL + INFINITIVE He told me to shut up.
- 21. NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE Don't do that again! TELL + NOT + INFINITIVE He told me not to do it again.
- 22. IMPERATIVES AS REQUESTSPlease give me some money. ASK + INFINITIVE He asked me to give him some money.
- 23. Time and placereferences now then today that day here there this that this week that week
- 24. tomorrow thefollowing day the next day the day after next week the following week the next week the week after yesterday the previous day the day before
- 25. last week the previous week the week before ago previously before 2 weeks ago 2 weeks previously 2 weeks before tonight that night
- 26. last Saturday the previous Saturday the Saturday before next Saturday the following Saturday the next Saturday the Saturday after that Saturday
- 27. Material created by:Teacher Danitza Lazcano Flores Teacher of English Master in Education Educational Counselor