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Research Critique.pptx
- 2. It is acritical evaluation/appraisal of a research report
- 3. “A criticalestimate of a piece of research which has been carefully and systematically studied by a critic who has used specific criteria to appraise the favorable, less favorable and other general features of the research study” Leininger
- 4. Requires criticalthinking, appraisal & intellectual skill Involves a careful examination of all aspects of a study to judge the merits, limitations, meaning and significance & knowledge of the topic
- 5. To assessstudents` methodological and analytical skills (identify limitations & strengths) Seasoned researcher to help journal editions Written critique is a guide to researcher To advance nursing knowledge & profession
- 6. Two principlesto remember when critiquing a research are (a) be objective (b) make your comments specific to the work you are reviewing Critique should be an advisory and constructive nature
- 7. Read &Critique the entire study Be objective & Realistic Comment on strengths and weakness Give specific examples Use the positive terms whenever possible and say the positive points first
- 8. Avoid vaguegeneralizations of praise and fault findings Be sensitive in handling negative comments Evaluate substantive, ethical, methodologic, interpretative presentational dimensions Suggest alternatives
- 9. What typeof study was conducted ? What was the setting ? Were the steps clearly identified ? Was there a logical flow ?
- 10. Substantive &theoretical dimensions Methodologic dimensions Ethical dimensions Interpretative dimensions Presentation/stylistic dimensions
- 11. Readers ofa research report need to determine whether a study was worthy in terms of the significance of the problem, the soundness of the conceptualization & appropriateness of the conceptual framework. Normally communicated in the report’s introduction
- 12. The heartof a research critique lies in the analysis of the methodologic decisions adopted. In a quantitative study, the four major decision points to focus critical attention are Decision 1, Design :What design will yield the most unambiguous and meaningful results about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables?
- 13. What extraneousvariables are to be controlled and how best can this be accomplished? DECISION 2, SAMPLE : who should participate in the study? DECISION 3, DATA COLLECTION :What method should be used to collect the data? DECISION 4, DATA ANALYSIS :What statistical analysis will provide the most appropriate tests of the research hypotheses?
- 14. Need toconsider whether the right of human subjects were violated during the investigation. If there is potential Ethical concerns, we need to consider its impact both on the scientific merit and on well being of the participants.
- 15. Research reportsconclude with a Discussion, Conclusions or Implications section. Here researcher attempt to make sense of the analysis, to consider whether the findings support or fail to support hypotheses or theory.
- 16. Writing aresearch report should be clear, grammatical, concise and well organized. Unnecessary jargon should be minimized. Quantitative research reports are written in a more formal, impersonal fashion, using either the third person or passive voice to connote objectivity
- 17. Qualitative studiesare written in a more literary style, using first or second person & active voice to connote proximity & intimacy with the data & phenomenon under study.
- 18. Clear /concise Too big / too small Gives precise information Research questions empirically tested? Definitions of terms clearly described?
- 19. Is thepurpose of the study presented ? Is the significance (importance) of the problem discussed ? Does the investigator provide a sense of what he or she is doing and why ?
- 20. Is theproblem statement clear ? Does the investigator identify key research questions and variables to be examined ? Does the study have the potential to help solve a problem that is currently faced in clinical practice ?
- 21. Does thereport tie the problem to various related research? Is there overdependence on secondary source? Recent literature included? Overdependence on anecdotes/ opinion articles over empirical studies? Paraphrased adequately? Analyzed critically?
- 22. Does literaturereview follow a logical sequence leading to a critical review of supporting and conflicting prior work ? Is the relationship of the study to previous research clear ? Does the investigator describe gaps in the literature and support the necessity of the present study.
- 23. Is arationale stated for the theoretical/ conceptual framework ? Does the investigator clearly state the theoretical basis for hypothesis formulation ? Does it link the problem to a theoretical / conceptual framework in a natural way?
- 24. Is thehypothesis stated precisely, logically and in a form that permits it to be tested ? Does it express a predictable relationship? Do they flow logically? Do they include general population of interest?
- 25. Are therelevant variables and concepts clearly and operationally defined ? Is the design appropriate for the research questions or hypotheses ?
- 26. Is experimental/non experimental approaches best? Appropriate procedures and methods of data collection described sufficiently and clearly? Procedure for preventing contamination between treatment and control group described? If there was more than one data collector, was the inter-rater reliability adequate ?
- 27. Are thesubjects and sampling methods described ?Sample size justified? Is the sample of sufficient size for the study, given the number of variables and design ? Is there adequate assurance that the rights of human subjects were protected ?Response rate reported? Are the subjects representative of the sample?Are key characteristics described?
- 28. Instruments clearlyidentified and described? Method of development of tools appropriate with regard to structure? Are the instruments developed specifically for the study? Are the processes for its development described?
- 29. Are appropriateinstruments for data collection used ? Are reliability and validity of the instruments adequate ? If instrument new/ adapted, if sufficient testing done? Evidence for validity and reliability presented?
- 30. Is analysisconsistent with objectives of study? Type of analysis appropriate for type of data? Is information unnecessarily converted?
- 31. Are thestatistical tests used identified and the values reported ? Are appropriate statistics used, according to level of measurement, sample size, sampling method, and hypotheses/ research questions?
- 32. Are theresults for each hypothesis clearly and objectively presented ? Are the figures and tables used efficiently to highlight and streamline the presentation of results? Are results described in light of the theoretical framework and supporting literature ?
- 33. All importantresults discussed? Interpretation organized in meaningful fashion? Does interpretation distinguish practical and statistical significance?
- 34. Is itappropriate? Are implications of findings discussed (i.e., for practice, education and research) ? Does it include nursing implication? Are recommendations for further research stated ?
- 35. Is thestudy of sufficient quality to meet the criterion of sufficient merit ? Does the study meet the criterion of replicability ? Is the study of relevance to practice ? Is the study feasible for nurses to implement ? Does the benefits of the study outweigh the risks ?
- 36. Are conclusionsbased on the results and related to the hypothesis ? Are study limitations identified ? Are generalizations made within the scope of the findings ?
- 37. Title- ofreasonable length Summary- abstract included Bibliography- style & citation pleasant to read Grammatically correct No complex sentences
- 38. Research isthe best possible means of answering many questions, no single study can provide conclusive evidence Evidence is accumulated through the conduct and evaluation of several studies Reader who can do reflective and thorough critiques of research of reports play a role advancing nursing knowledge
- 39. Burns N,Grove SK.The Practice of Nursing Research conduct, critique & utilization. 5 edi. W.B. Saunders Company: Philadelphia; 2005. Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing Research Principles and Methods. 7 edi. LippincottWilliams & Wilkins company: Philadelphia; 2004. Rose Marie Nieswiadomy. Foundations of Nursing Research. 5 edi. Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. Pearson Education: India; 2009.