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Research data collection methods and tools
This document discusses various methods for collecting research data, including primary and secondary sources. It describes different types of self-report methods like interviews, questionnaires, and scales. Interviews can be structured, unstructured, or semi-structured. Questionnaires contain different types of questions in various formats. Scales discussed include Likert scales, semantic differential scales, and visual analog scales. The document provides advantages and disadvantages of each method.
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Introduces the data collection process, sources (primary and secondary), and key considerations.
Discusses dimensions and types of data collection methods, including observations and self-reports.
Explores various interview types, characteristics, advantages, and limitations of interview processes.
Details questionnaire methods, formats of questions, advantages, and disadvantages of using questionnaires.
Examines scales and other advanced self-report techniques, including Likert and semantic differential scales.
Focuses on visual analogous scales, their uses, advantages, and disadvantages for subjective measurement.
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Research data collection methods and tools
- 1. Research data collection methodsand tools Presented by Likhila abraham
- 2. Data Data are observablemeasurable fact that provide information about the phenomenon under study .
- 3. Data sources 1.Primary sources 2.Secondarysources a)internal b)external
- 4. Selection of methodsof data collection 1.The nature of phenomenon under study 2.Type of research subject
- 5. 3)Purpose of researchstudy 4)Size of study sample 5)Distribution of target population 6)Time frame of the study 7)Literacy level of subjects
- 6. 8)Avilability of resourses andman power 9)Researchers knowledge level and compitence
- 7. Diamensions of datacollection methods Structure obtrusiveness quantifiability objectivity
- 8. Methods of datacollection Self reports Observatio n Biophysi ological methods
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- 10. Unstructured and semistructured self report techniques Unstructured or loosely structured self report method offer flexibility ,when these methods are used the researcher does not have a set of questions that must be asked in a specific order and worked in a given way.
- 11. Interview A method ofdata collection in which one person ( interviewer)ask the questions to another person (respodent)which conducted either face to face or telephonically
- 12. Characteristics of interview 1)Participantsand interviewer will be strangers 2)Verbal answers to the verbal questions 3)Investigator records the information's from the respondents 4)With a specific purpose 5)Can be through telephone 6)It can be modified with situations
- 13. Types of interviews 1.Structuredinterviews 2)Unstructured interviews 3)Semi structured interviews 4)Focussed group interviews 5)Telephonic interviews 6)In depth interviews
- 14. Structured interview(directive interview) Formalized andhas limited set of questions Presented with same questions in same order Not permitted to change any thing Increases credibility and reliability Minimize context effect
- 15. Merits 1.Data from 1interview to next are comparable 2.Recording or coding data does not cause problem 3.Attention will not diverted 4.Time consuming
- 16. Demerits Loose the spontaneity Respondentviews are minimized The scope of exploration limitted
- 17. Semi structured interview method Indepth interview method Focussed group interview method
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- 19. Advantages Useful to obtainpeople perception,feelings,openions High respondent rate Own words are recorded Detailed questioning
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- 21. Questionnaire It is aself report paper and pencil instrument that a researcher asked to complete
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- 24. Guidelines General points Sequence ofquestions Construction of questions
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- 26. Advantages Easy to analyse Timeconsuming Reduce bias Cost effective
- 27. Disadvantages Not suitable forall Low response rate Probbing not possible Chanse of interpretation Can lie
- 28. Scales and other formsof self report methods
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- 31. Likert scale It isa composite measure of attitudes that involve summation of score on set of itemsto which respondents are asked to indicate their disagreement or agreement
- 32. Uses To measure attitude valuesand feelings of people about specific concepts , quantifying the qualitative attributes
- 33. Characteristics Psychological measurement tool Illustrative innature Neutral statement Bipolar scaling methods
- 34. Scoring statement Positive Stron Agree UncerDisag Stron gly tain ree gly agree disag ree 5 4 3 2 1 Negative 1 2 3 4 5
- 35. Advantages Easy to construct Morereliable and valuable Easy to administer
- 36. Disadvantages Respondent may feelforce to answer Feeling of respondent is not fully assessed Casual approach providing misleading data
- 37. Semantic differential scales It isa type of rating scale designed to measure the connotative meaning of objects ,events ,concepts (respondent attitude towards events)
- 38. Uses Patient satisfaction survey Employeesurvey Marketing survey Personality measurement
- 39. Design Bipolar adjective pairsare used This adjectives are selected according to the survey
- 40. Evaluation Good-bad Kind –cruel Wise –foolish Potency Hard-soft Heavy–light Large-small Activity Active-passive Fast –slow Bright-dim
- 41. Advantages Easy to administer Providereasonable valid reliable data . Convenient method
- 42. Disadvantages Difficult to selectthe adjective pairs Time consuming
- 43. To asess thebelief about HIV? CU 1 RE 2 3 4 5 6 DEA TH NO 1 PU NIS HM ENT 2 3 4 5 6 PU NIS HM ENT
- 44. VISUAL ANALOGOUS SCALE DEFINITION VISUALANALOGOUS SCALE IS A TOOL USED TO HELP A PERSON TO RATE THE INTENSITY OF SENSATION AND FEELINGS
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- 46. USES TO MEASURE PAIN,ANXIETY, MOOD TO MEAURE ALERTNESS AND QUALITY OF SLEEP TO CHOOSE RIGHT DOSE OF MEDICINE FOR RATING SOFT VARIABLES SKILLS,CONFIDENCE QUALITY
- 47. ADVANTAGES IT IS RELIABLEAND VALID QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF HIGHLY SUBJECTIVE PHENOMENON
- 48. DISADVANTAGES COMPARISON NOT POSSIBILE INCREASE OFFEELINGS CANOT MEAURED HIGHLY SUBJECTIVE